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Nature and Art
Nature and Art

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Nature and Art is here in full — 24 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/4 · 5 lines
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Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.
In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.
Her feelings of rectitude submitted to those of hunger; her principles of virtue (which the loss of virtue had not destroyed) received a shock when she engaged to be the abettor of vice, from which her delicacy, morality, and religion shrunk; but persons of honour and of reputation would not employ her: was she then to perish?
That, perhaps, was easy to resolve; but she had a child to leave behind! a child, from whom to part for a day was a torment.
Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Nature and Art

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Nature and Art is here in full — 24 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/4 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.
Line 2
In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.
Line 3
Her feelings of rectitude submitted to those of hunger; her principles of virtue (which the loss of virtue had not destroyed) received a shock when she engaged to be the abettor of vice, from which her delicacy, morality, and religion shrunk; but persons of honour and of reputation would not employ her: was she then to perish?
Line 4
That, perhaps, was easy to resolve; but she had a child to leave behind! a child, from whom to part for a day was a torment.
/ðæt pərˈhæps wɑːz ˈiːzi tuː riˈzɑːlv bʌt ʃiː hæd ə tʃaɪld tuː liːv bɪˈhaɪnd ə tʃaɪld frʌm huːm tuː pɑːrt fɔːr ə deɪ wɑːz ə ˈtɔːrment/
Line 5
Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

complying verb US /kəmˈplaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “comply” — act in accordance with someone's rules, commands, or wishes

From this reading “In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.”

disgusts noun US /dɪsˈɡʌsts/

plural of “disgust” — strong feelings of dislike

From this reading “In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.”

dispenses verb US /dɪˈspensɪz/

third-person singular of “dispense” — administer or bestow, as in small portions

From this reading “In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.”

dispensing verb US /dɪˈspensɪŋ/

-ing form of “dispense” — administer or bestow, as in small portions

From this reading “In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.”

drudge noun US /drʌdʒ/

one who works hard at boring tasks

From this reading “Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.”

impediment noun US /ˌɪmˈpedəmənt/

something immaterial that interferes with or delays action or progress

From this reading “Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.”

rectitude noun US /ˈrektɪtuːd/

righteousness as a consequence of being honorable and honest

From this reading “Her feelings of rectitude submitted to those of hunger; her principles of virtue (which the loss of virtue had not destroyed) received a shock when she engaged to be the abettor of vice, from which her delicacy, morality, and religion shrunk; but persons of honour and of reputation would not employ her: was she then to perish?”

repulse verb US /riˈpʌls/

force or drive back

From this reading “Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.”

All words in this reading · 161

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

abettornoun

one who helps or encourages or incites another

From this reading Her feelings of rectitude submitted to those of hunger; her principles of virtue (which the loss of virtue had not destroyed) received a shock when she engaged to be the abettor of vice, from which her delicacy, morality, and religion shrunk; but persons of honour and of reputation would not employ her: was she then to perish?

acceptedadjectiveUS /ækˈseptɪd/

generally approved or compelling recognition

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

Agnes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

attendverbUS /əˈtend/

be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc.

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Her feelings of rectitude submitted to those of hunger; her principles of virtue (which the loss of virtue had not destroyed) received a shock when she engaged to be the abettor of vice, from which her delicacy, morality, and religion shrunk; but persons of honour and of reputation would not employ her: was she then to perish?

beautynounUS /ˈbjuːti/

the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

becomingadjectiveUS /bɪˈkʌmɪŋ/

according with custom or propriety

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading That, perhaps, was easy to resolve; but she had a child to leave behind! a child, from whom to part for a day was a torment.

brownounUS /braʊ/

the part of the face above the eyes

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Her feelings of rectitude submitted to those of hunger; her principles of virtue (which the loss of virtue had not destroyed) received a shock when she engaged to be the abettor of vice, from which her delicacy, morality, and religion shrunk; but persons of honour and of reputation would not employ her: was she then to perish?

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

cheapadjectiveUS /tʃiːp/

relatively low in price or charging low prices

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading That, perhaps, was easy to resolve; but she had a child to leave behind! a child, from whom to part for a day was a torment.

complyingverbUS /kəmˈplaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “comply” — act in accordance with someone's rules, commands, or wishes

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

concealedadjectiveUS /kənˈsiːld/

not accessible to view

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

continualadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːəl/

recurring regularly or frequently in a prolonged and closely spaced series

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

dartverbUS /dɑːrt/

move along rapidly and lightly; skim or dart

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading That, perhaps, was easy to resolve; but she had a child to leave behind! a child, from whom to part for a day was a torment.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

deficiencynounUS /dɪˈfɪʃənsi/

the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

degradingadjectiveUS /dɪˈɡreɪdɪŋ/

harmful to the mind or morals

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

delicacynounUS /ˈdeləkəsi/

the quality of being beautiful and delicate in appearance

From this reading Her feelings of rectitude submitted to those of hunger; her principles of virtue (which the loss of virtue had not destroyed) received a shock when she engaged to be the abettor of vice, from which her delicacy, morality, and religion shrunk; but persons of honour and of reputation would not employ her: was she then to perish?

destituteadjectiveUS /ˈdestətuːt/

poor enough to need help from others

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

destroyedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstrɔɪd/

spoiled or ruined or demolished

From this reading Her feelings of rectitude submitted to those of hunger; her principles of virtue (which the loss of virtue had not destroyed) received a shock when she engaged to be the abettor of vice, from which her delicacy, morality, and religion shrunk; but persons of honour and of reputation would not employ her: was she then to perish?

disgustsnounUS /dɪsˈɡʌsts/

plural of “disgust” — strong feelings of dislike

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

dispensesverbUS /dɪˈspensɪz/

third-person singular of “dispense” — administer or bestow, as in small portions

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

dispensingverbUS /dɪˈspensɪŋ/

-ing form of “dispense” — administer or bestow, as in small portions

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

dressedadjectiveUS /drest/

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

drivenadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪvən/

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

drudgenounUS /drʌdʒ/

one who works hard at boring tasks

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading That, perhaps, was easy to resolve; but she had a child to leave behind! a child, from whom to part for a day was a torment.

employverbUS /emˈplɔɪ/

put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose

From this reading Her feelings of rectitude submitted to those of hunger; her principles of virtue (which the loss of virtue had not destroyed) received a shock when she engaged to be the abettor of vice, from which her delicacy, morality, and religion shrunk; but persons of honour and of reputation would not employ her: was she then to perish?

engagedadjectiveUS /enˈɡeɪdʒd/

having ones attention or mind or energy engaged

From this reading Her feelings of rectitude submitted to those of hunger; her principles of virtue (which the loss of virtue had not destroyed) received a shock when she engaged to be the abettor of vice, from which her delicacy, morality, and religion shrunk; but persons of honour and of reputation would not employ her: was she then to perish?

extremeadjectiveUS /ekˈstriːm/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

feelingsnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋz/

emotional or moral sensitivity (especially in relation to personal principles or dignity)

From this reading Her feelings of rectitude submitted to those of hunger; her principles of virtue (which the loss of virtue had not destroyed) received a shock when she engaged to be the abettor of vice, from which her delicacy, morality, and religion shrunk; but persons of honour and of reputation would not employ her: was she then to perish?

femaleadjectiveUS /ˈfiːmeɪl/

being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

fineradjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnər/

(comparative of “fine”) greater in quality or excellence

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

finerynounUS /ˈfaɪnəri/

elaborate or showy attire and accessories

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading That, perhaps, was easy to resolve; but she had a child to leave behind! a child, from whom to part for a day was a torment.

forgetfulnessnoun

tendency to forget

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

frowningadjectiveUS /ˈfraʊnɪŋ/

showing displeasure or anger

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

gladlyadverbUS /ˈɡlædli/

in a willing manner

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

habitations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Her feelings of rectitude submitted to those of hunger; her principles of virtue (which the loss of virtue had not destroyed) received a shock when she engaged to be the abettor of vice, from which her delicacy, morality, and religion shrunk; but persons of honour and of reputation would not employ her: was she then to perish?

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

hiredadjectiveUS /ˈhaɪərd/

having services engaged for a fee

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

honournounUS /ˈɑːnər/

the state of being honored

From this reading Her feelings of rectitude submitted to those of hunger; her principles of virtue (which the loss of virtue had not destroyed) received a shock when she engaged to be the abettor of vice, from which her delicacy, morality, and religion shrunk; but persons of honour and of reputation would not employ her: was she then to perish?

horrornounUS /ˈhɔːrər/

intense and profound fear

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

hungernounUS /ˈhʌŋɡər/

a physiological need for food; the consequence of food deprivation

From this reading Her feelings of rectitude submitted to those of hunger; her principles of virtue (which the loss of virtue had not destroyed) received a shock when she engaged to be the abettor of vice, from which her delicacy, morality, and religion shrunk; but persons of honour and of reputation would not employ her: was she then to perish?

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

impedimentnounUS /ˌɪmˈpedəmənt/

something immaterial that interferes with or delays action or progress

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

independentadjectiveUS /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/

free from external control and constraint

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

inhabitantsnounUS /ɪnˈhæbətənts/

plural of “inhabitant” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

inveigles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

knowledgenounUS /ˈnɑːlədʒ/

the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading That, perhaps, was easy to resolve; but she had a child to leave behind! a child, from whom to part for a day was a torment.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

loathingnounUS /ˈloʊθɪŋ/

hate coupled with disgust

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

lossnounUS /lɔːs/

something that is lost

From this reading Her feelings of rectitude submitted to those of hunger; her principles of virtue (which the loss of virtue had not destroyed) received a shock when she engaged to be the abettor of vice, from which her delicacy, morality, and religion shrunk; but persons of honour and of reputation would not employ her: was she then to perish?

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

mirthnounUS /mɜːrθ/

great merriment

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

miserynounUS /ˈmɪzəri/

a state of ill-being due to affliction or misfortune

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

misfortunenounUS /mɪˈsfɔːrtʃən/

unnecessary and unforeseen trouble resulting from an unfortunate event

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

moralitynounUS /mərˈæləti/

concern with the distinction between good and evil or right and wrong; right or good conduct

From this reading Her feelings of rectitude submitted to those of hunger; her principles of virtue (which the loss of virtue had not destroyed) received a shock when she engaged to be the abettor of vice, from which her delicacy, morality, and religion shrunk; but persons of honour and of reputation would not employ her: was she then to perish?

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

pacedverbUS /peɪst/

past form of “pace” — walk with slow or fast paces

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading That, perhaps, was easy to resolve; but she had a child to leave behind! a child, from whom to part for a day was a torment.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading That, perhaps, was easy to resolve; but she had a child to leave behind! a child, from whom to part for a day was a torment.

perishverbUS /ˈperɪʃ/

pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading Her feelings of rectitude submitted to those of hunger; her principles of virtue (which the loss of virtue had not destroyed) received a shock when she engaged to be the abettor of vice, from which her delicacy, morality, and religion shrunk; but persons of honour and of reputation would not employ her: was she then to perish?

personsnounUS /ˈpɜːrsənz/

plural of “person” — a human being

From this reading Her feelings of rectitude submitted to those of hunger; her principles of virtue (which the loss of virtue had not destroyed) received a shock when she engaged to be the abettor of vice, from which her delicacy, morality, and religion shrunk; but persons of honour and of reputation would not employ her: was she then to perish?

petitionnounUS /pəˈtɪʃən/

a formal message requesting something that is submitted to an authority

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

petitionsnounUS /pəˈtɪʃənz/

plural of “petition” — a formal message requesting something that is submitted to an authority

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

pleasurenounUS /ˈpleʒər/

a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

povertynounUS /ˈpɑːvərti/

the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

preferredadjectiveUS /prəˈfɜːrd/

more desirable than another

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

pridenounUS /praɪd/

a feeling of self-respect and personal worth

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

principlesnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəlz/

plural of “principle” — a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading Her feelings of rectitude submitted to those of hunger; her principles of virtue (which the loss of virtue had not destroyed) received a shock when she engaged to be the abettor of vice, from which her delicacy, morality, and religion shrunk; but persons of honour and of reputation would not employ her: was she then to perish?

pursuednounUS /pərˈsuːd/

a person who is being chased

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading Her feelings of rectitude submitted to those of hunger; her principles of virtue (which the loss of virtue had not destroyed) received a shock when she engaged to be the abettor of vice, from which her delicacy, morality, and religion shrunk; but persons of honour and of reputation would not employ her: was she then to perish?

rectitudenounUS /ˈrektɪtuːd/

righteousness as a consequence of being honorable and honest

From this reading Her feelings of rectitude submitted to those of hunger; her principles of virtue (which the loss of virtue had not destroyed) received a shock when she engaged to be the abettor of vice, from which her delicacy, morality, and religion shrunk; but persons of honour and of reputation would not employ her: was she then to perish?

religionnounUS /rɪˈlɪdʒən/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading Her feelings of rectitude submitted to those of hunger; her principles of virtue (which the loss of virtue had not destroyed) received a shock when she engaged to be the abettor of vice, from which her delicacy, morality, and religion shrunk; but persons of honour and of reputation would not employ her: was she then to perish?

repulseverbUS /riˈpʌls/

force or drive back

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

reputationnounUS /ˌrepjəˈteɪʃən/

the state of being held in high esteem and honor

From this reading Her feelings of rectitude submitted to those of hunger; her principles of virtue (which the loss of virtue had not destroyed) received a shock when she engaged to be the abettor of vice, from which her delicacy, morality, and religion shrunk; but persons of honour and of reputation would not employ her: was she then to perish?

resolveverbUS /riˈzɑːlv/

bring to an end; settle conclusively

From this reading That, perhaps, was easy to resolve; but she had a child to leave behind! a child, from whom to part for a day was a torment.

sendingnounUS /ˈsendɪŋ/

the act of causing something to go (especially messages)

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

shocknounUS /ʃɑːk/

the feeling of distress and disbelief that you have when something bad happens accidentally

From this reading Her feelings of rectitude submitted to those of hunger; her principles of virtue (which the loss of virtue had not destroyed) received a shock when she engaged to be the abettor of vice, from which her delicacy, morality, and religion shrunk; but persons of honour and of reputation would not employ her: was she then to perish?

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

shrunkverbUS /ʃrʌŋk/

inflected form of “shrink” — wither, as with a loss of moisture

From this reading Her feelings of rectitude submitted to those of hunger; her principles of virtue (which the loss of virtue had not destroyed) received a shock when she engaged to be the abettor of vice, from which her delicacy, morality, and religion shrunk; but persons of honour and of reputation would not employ her: was she then to perish?

situationnounUS /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən/

the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

smilesnounUS /smaɪlz/

plural of “smile” — a facial expression characterized by turning up the corners of the mouth; usually shows pleasure or amusement

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

streetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

submittedverbUS /səbˈmɪtɪd/

inflected form of “submit” — refer for judgment or consideration

From this reading Her feelings of rectitude submitted to those of hunger; her principles of virtue (which the loss of virtue had not destroyed) received a shock when she engaged to be the abettor of vice, from which her delicacy, morality, and religion shrunk; but persons of honour and of reputation would not employ her: was she then to perish?

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Her feelings of rectitude submitted to those of hunger; her principles of virtue (which the loss of virtue had not destroyed) received a shock when she engaged to be the abettor of vice, from which her delicacy, morality, and religion shrunk; but persons of honour and of reputation would not employ her: was she then to perish?

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

tormentnounUS /ˈtɔːrment/

unbearable physical pain

From this reading That, perhaps, was easy to resolve; but she had a child to leave behind! a child, from whom to part for a day was a torment.

trialnounUS /ˈtraɪəl/

the act of testing something

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

vicenounUS /vaɪs/

moral weakness

From this reading Her feelings of rectitude submitted to those of hunger; her principles of virtue (which the loss of virtue had not destroyed) received a shock when she engaged to be the abettor of vice, from which her delicacy, morality, and religion shrunk; but persons of honour and of reputation would not employ her: was she then to perish?

virtuenounUS /ˈvɝː.tʃuː/

Moral excellence and goodness of character; the highest human attainment in Stoic philosophy.

From this reading Her feelings of rectitude submitted to those of hunger; her principles of virtue (which the loss of virtue had not destroyed) received a shock when she engaged to be the abettor of vice, from which her delicacy, morality, and religion shrunk; but persons of honour and of reputation would not employ her: was she then to perish?

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Her feelings of rectitude submitted to those of hunger; her principles of virtue (which the loss of virtue had not destroyed) received a shock when she engaged to be the abettor of vice, from which her delicacy, morality, and religion shrunk; but persons of honour and of reputation would not employ her: was she then to perish?

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

whereverconjunctionUS /weˈrevər/

in or to any place at all

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Her feelings of rectitude submitted to those of hunger; her principles of virtue (which the loss of virtue had not destroyed) received a shock when she engaged to be the abettor of vice, from which her delicacy, morality, and religion shrunk; but persons of honour and of reputation would not employ her: was she then to perish?

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

whollyadverbUS /ˈhoʊli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading Agnes was driven from service to service--her deficiency in the knowledge of a mere drudge, or her lost character, pursued her wherever she went--at length, becoming wholly destitute, she gladly accepted a place where the latter misfortune was not of the least impediment.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading That, perhaps, was easy to resolve; but she had a child to leave behind! a child, from whom to part for a day was a torment.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

winenounUS /waɪn/

fermented juice (of grapes especially)

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

wistfullyadverbUS /ˈwɪstfəli/

in a wistful manner

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Her feelings of rectitude submitted to those of hunger; her principles of virtue (which the loss of virtue had not destroyed) received a shock when she engaged to be the abettor of vice, from which her delicacy, morality, and religion shrunk; but persons of honour and of reputation would not employ her: was she then to perish?

wretchedadjectiveUS /ˈretʃɪd/

of very poor quality or condition

From this reading In one of these habitations, where continual misery is dressed in continual smiles; where extreme of poverty is concealed by extreme of finery; where wine dispenses mirth only by dispensing forgetfulness; and where female beauty is so cheap, so complying, that, while it inveigles, it disgusts the man of pleasure: in one of those houses, to attend upon its wretched inhabitants, Agnes was hired.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet, before she submitted to a situation which filled her mind with a kind of loathing horror, often she paced up and down the street in which William lived, looked wistfully at his house, and sometimes, lost to all her finer feelings of independent pride, thought of sending a short petition to him; but, at the idea of a repulse, and of that frowning brow which she knew William _could_ dart on her petitions, she preferred death, or the most degrading life, to the trial.

Chapter 31 of Nature and Art by Mrs. Inchbald holds 24 sentences, grouped into 5 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Nature and Art contain?

Chapter 31 holds 24 sentences of Nature and Art, unabridged, divided into 5 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Nature and Art by Mrs. Inchbald exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 24 sentences, grouped into 5 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Nature and Art?

Work through the 5 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 5 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Nature and Art

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Is this the complete text of Nature and Art?

Yes. All 1542 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3787 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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How long does Nature and Art take to read?

About 128 minutes of reading across 309 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Nature and Art

Words and structures a reader meets early in Nature and Art, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Nobility
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature and Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Britain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature and Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Laureate
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature and Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Admirers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature and Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.