Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Nature and Art
Nature and Art

Chapter XXXIII · Chapter 33

Chapter 33 of Nature and Art is here in full — 18 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Nature and Art
Context Illustration Reading 1/3 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The contrast of the state of happiness between the two brothers was nearly resembled by that of the two cousins--the riches of young William did not render him happy, nor did the poverty of young Henry doom him to misery.
His affectionate heart, as he had described in his letter to Rebecca, loved _persons_ rather than _things_; and he would not have exchanged the society of his father, nor the prospect of her hand and heart, for all the wealth and splendour of which his cousin William was the master.
He was right.
Young William, though he viewed with contempt Henry's inferior state, was far less happy than he.
His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Nature and Art

Chapter XXXIII · Chapter 33

Chapter 33 of Nature and Art is here in full — 18 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/3 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The contrast of the state of happiness between the two brothers was nearly resembled by that of the two cousins--the riches of young William did not render him happy, nor did the poverty of young Henry doom him to misery.
Line 2
His affectionate heart, as he had described in his letter to Rebecca, loved _persons_ rather than _things_; and he would not have exchanged the society of his father, nor the prospect of her hand and heart, for all the wealth and splendour of which his cousin William was the master.
Line 3
He was right.
/hiː wɑːz raɪt/
Line 4
Young William, though he viewed with contempt Henry's inferior state, was far less happy than he.
Line 5
His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

counterpart noun US /ˈkaʊntərpɑːrt/

a person or thing having the same function or characteristics as another

From this reading “His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.”

create verb US /kriˈeɪt/

make or cause to be or to become

From this reading “His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.”

Henry's noun US /ˈhenriz/

possessive form of “henry” — a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading “Young William, though he viewed with contempt Henry's inferior state, was far less happy than he.”

poorly adverb US /ˈpuːrli/

(“ill” is often used as a combining form) in a poor or improper or unsatisfactory manner; not well

From this reading “His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.”

potent adjective US /ˈpoʊtənt/

having great influence

From this reading “His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.”

repaid verb US /riˈpeɪd/

inflected form of “repay” — pay back

From this reading “His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.”

unremitting adjective US /ˌʌnrɪˈmɪtɪŋ/

uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing

From this reading “His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.”

viewed verb US /vjuːd/

past form of “view” — deem to be

From this reading “Young William, though he viewed with contempt Henry's inferior state, was far less happy than he.”

All words in this reading · 113

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

affectionnounUS /əˈfekʃən/

a positive feeling of liking

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

affectionateadjectiveUS /əˈfekʃənət/

having or displaying warmth or affection

From this reading His affectionate heart, as he had described in his letter to Rebecca, loved _persons_ rather than _things_; and he would not have exchanged the society of his father, nor the prospect of her hand and heart, for all the wealth and splendour of which his cousin William was the master.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading His affectionate heart, as he had described in his letter to Rebecca, loved _persons_ rather than _things_; and he would not have exchanged the society of his father, nor the prospect of her hand and heart, for all the wealth and splendour of which his cousin William was the master.

ambitiousadjectiveUS /æmˈbɪʃəs/

having a strong desire for success or achievement

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading His affectionate heart, as he had described in his letter to Rebecca, loved _persons_ rather than _things_; and he would not have exchanged the society of his father, nor the prospect of her hand and heart, for all the wealth and splendour of which his cousin William was the master.

applicationnounUS /ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən/

the act of bringing something to bear; using it for a particular purpose

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading His affectionate heart, as he had described in his letter to Rebecca, loved _persons_ rather than _things_; and he would not have exchanged the society of his father, nor the prospect of her hand and heart, for all the wealth and splendour of which his cousin William was the master.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading The contrast of the state of happiness between the two brothers was nearly resembled by that of the two cousins--the riches of young William did not render him happy, nor did the poverty of young Henry doom him to misery.

brothersnounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

plural of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading The contrast of the state of happiness between the two brothers was nearly resembled by that of the two cousins--the riches of young William did not render him happy, nor did the poverty of young Henry doom him to misery.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The contrast of the state of happiness between the two brothers was nearly resembled by that of the two cousins--the riches of young William did not render him happy, nor did the poverty of young Henry doom him to misery.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

contemptnounUS /kənˈtempt/

lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike

From this reading Young William, though he viewed with contempt Henry's inferior state, was far less happy than he.

contrastnounUS /ˈkɑːntræst/

the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared

From this reading The contrast of the state of happiness between the two brothers was nearly resembled by that of the two cousins--the riches of young William did not render him happy, nor did the poverty of young Henry doom him to misery.

counterpartnounUS /ˈkaʊntərpɑːrt/

a person or thing having the same function or characteristics as another

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

cousinnounUS /ˈkʌzən/

the child of your aunt or uncle

From this reading His affectionate heart, as he had described in his letter to Rebecca, loved _persons_ rather than _things_; and he would not have exchanged the society of his father, nor the prospect of her hand and heart, for all the wealth and splendour of which his cousin William was the master.

cousinsnounUS /ˈkʌzənz/

plural of “cousin” — the child of your aunt or uncle

From this reading The contrast of the state of happiness between the two brothers was nearly resembled by that of the two cousins--the riches of young William did not render him happy, nor did the poverty of young Henry doom him to misery.

createverbUS /kriˈeɪt/

make or cause to be or to become

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading His affectionate heart, as he had described in his letter to Rebecca, loved _persons_ rather than _things_; and he would not have exchanged the society of his father, nor the prospect of her hand and heart, for all the wealth and splendour of which his cousin William was the master.

desiresnounUS /dɪˈzaɪərz/

plural of “desire” — the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading The contrast of the state of happiness between the two brothers was nearly resembled by that of the two cousins--the riches of young William did not render him happy, nor did the poverty of young Henry doom him to misery.

dispositionnounUS /ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃən/

your usual mood

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

domesticadjectiveUS /dəˈmestɪk/

of concern to or concerning the internal affairs of a nation

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

doomverbUS /duːm/

decree or designate beforehand

From this reading The contrast of the state of happiness between the two brothers was nearly resembled by that of the two cousins--the riches of young William did not render him happy, nor did the poverty of young Henry doom him to misery.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

exchangedadjectiveUS /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒd/

changed for (replaced by) something different

From this reading His affectionate heart, as he had described in his letter to Rebecca, loved _persons_ rather than _things_; and he would not have exchanged the society of his father, nor the prospect of her hand and heart, for all the wealth and splendour of which his cousin William was the master.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Young William, though he viewed with contempt Henry's inferior state, was far less happy than he.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading His affectionate heart, as he had described in his letter to Rebecca, loved _persons_ rather than _things_; and he would not have exchanged the society of his father, nor the prospect of her hand and heart, for all the wealth and splendour of which his cousin William was the master.

father'snounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

possessive form of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading His affectionate heart, as he had described in his letter to Rebecca, loved _persons_ rather than _things_; and he would not have exchanged the society of his father, nor the prospect of her hand and heart, for all the wealth and splendour of which his cousin William was the master.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading His affectionate heart, as he had described in his letter to Rebecca, loved _persons_ rather than _things_; and he would not have exchanged the society of his father, nor the prospect of her hand and heart, for all the wealth and splendour of which his cousin William was the master.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading His affectionate heart, as he had described in his letter to Rebecca, loved _persons_ rather than _things_; and he would not have exchanged the society of his father, nor the prospect of her hand and heart, for all the wealth and splendour of which his cousin William was the master.

happinessnounUS /ˈhæpinəs/

state of well-being characterized by emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy

From this reading The contrast of the state of happiness between the two brothers was nearly resembled by that of the two cousins--the riches of young William did not render him happy, nor did the poverty of young Henry doom him to misery.

happyadjectiveUS /ˈhæpi/

enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading The contrast of the state of happiness between the two brothers was nearly resembled by that of the two cousins--the riches of young William did not render him happy, nor did the poverty of young Henry doom him to misery.

hatedadjectiveUS /ˈheɪtəd/

treated with dislike or contempt

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading His affectionate heart, as he had described in his letter to Rebecca, loved _persons_ rather than _things_; and he would not have exchanged the society of his father, nor the prospect of her hand and heart, for all the wealth and splendour of which his cousin William was the master.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His affectionate heart, as he had described in his letter to Rebecca, loved _persons_ rather than _things_; and he would not have exchanged the society of his father, nor the prospect of her hand and heart, for all the wealth and splendour of which his cousin William was the master.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading His affectionate heart, as he had described in his letter to Rebecca, loved _persons_ rather than _things_; and he would not have exchanged the society of his father, nor the prospect of her hand and heart, for all the wealth and splendour of which his cousin William was the master.

HenrynounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading The contrast of the state of happiness between the two brothers was nearly resembled by that of the two cousins--the riches of young William did not render him happy, nor did the poverty of young Henry doom him to misery.

Henry'snounUS /ˈhenriz/

possessive form of “henry” — a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading Young William, though he viewed with contempt Henry's inferior state, was far less happy than he.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading His affectionate heart, as he had described in his letter to Rebecca, loved _persons_ rather than _things_; and he would not have exchanged the society of his father, nor the prospect of her hand and heart, for all the wealth and splendour of which his cousin William was the master.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The contrast of the state of happiness between the two brothers was nearly resembled by that of the two cousins--the riches of young William did not render him happy, nor did the poverty of young Henry doom him to misery.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His affectionate heart, as he had described in his letter to Rebecca, loved _persons_ rather than _things_; and he would not have exchanged the society of his father, nor the prospect of her hand and heart, for all the wealth and splendour of which his cousin William was the master.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading His affectionate heart, as he had described in his letter to Rebecca, loved _persons_ rather than _things_; and he would not have exchanged the society of his father, nor the prospect of her hand and heart, for all the wealth and splendour of which his cousin William was the master.

incumbrancenoun

a charge against property (as a lien or mortgage)

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

inferioradjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfɪriər/

of or characteristic of low rank or importance

From this reading Young William, though he viewed with contempt Henry's inferior state, was far less happy than he.

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

joinedadjectiveUS /dʒɔɪnd/

of or relating to two people who are married to each other

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading Young William, though he viewed with contempt Henry's inferior state, was far less happy than he.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading His affectionate heart, as he had described in his letter to Rebecca, loved _persons_ rather than _things_; and he would not have exchanged the society of his father, nor the prospect of her hand and heart, for all the wealth and splendour of which his cousin William was the master.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

lovedadjectiveUS /lʌvd/

held dear

From this reading His affectionate heart, as he had described in his letter to Rebecca, loved _persons_ rather than _things_; and he would not have exchanged the society of his father, nor the prospect of her hand and heart, for all the wealth and splendour of which his cousin William was the master.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

marriagenounUS /ˈmerɪdʒ/

the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce)

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

masternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading His affectionate heart, as he had described in his letter to Rebecca, loved _persons_ rather than _things_; and he would not have exchanged the society of his father, nor the prospect of her hand and heart, for all the wealth and splendour of which his cousin William was the master.

miserynounUS /ˈmɪzəri/

a state of ill-being due to affliction or misfortune

From this reading The contrast of the state of happiness between the two brothers was nearly resembled by that of the two cousins--the riches of young William did not render him happy, nor did the poverty of young Henry doom him to misery.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading The contrast of the state of happiness between the two brothers was nearly resembled by that of the two cousins--the riches of young William did not render him happy, nor did the poverty of young Henry doom him to misery.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading The contrast of the state of happiness between the two brothers was nearly resembled by that of the two cousins--the riches of young William did not render him happy, nor did the poverty of young Henry doom him to misery.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The contrast of the state of happiness between the two brothers was nearly resembled by that of the two cousins--the riches of young William did not render him happy, nor did the poverty of young Henry doom him to misery.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The contrast of the state of happiness between the two brothers was nearly resembled by that of the two cousins--the riches of young William did not render him happy, nor did the poverty of young Henry doom him to misery.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

personsnounUS /ˈpɜːrsənz/

plural of “person” — a human being

From this reading His affectionate heart, as he had described in his letter to Rebecca, loved _persons_ rather than _things_; and he would not have exchanged the society of his father, nor the prospect of her hand and heart, for all the wealth and splendour of which his cousin William was the master.

poorlyadverbUS /ˈpuːrli/

(“ill” is often used as a combining form) in a poor or improper or unsatisfactory manner; not well

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

potentadjectiveUS /ˈpoʊtənt/

having great influence

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

povertynounUS /ˈpɑːvərti/

the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions

From this reading The contrast of the state of happiness between the two brothers was nearly resembled by that of the two cousins--the riches of young William did not render him happy, nor did the poverty of young Henry doom him to misery.

prospectnounUS /ˈprɑːspekt/

the possibility of future success

From this reading His affectionate heart, as he had described in his letter to Rebecca, loved _persons_ rather than _things_; and he would not have exchanged the society of his father, nor the prospect of her hand and heart, for all the wealth and splendour of which his cousin William was the master.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading His affectionate heart, as he had described in his letter to Rebecca, loved _persons_ rather than _things_; and he would not have exchanged the society of his father, nor the prospect of her hand and heart, for all the wealth and splendour of which his cousin William was the master.

RebeccanounUS /rəˈbekə/

(Old Testament) wife of Isaac and mother of Jacob and Esau

From this reading His affectionate heart, as he had described in his letter to Rebecca, loved _persons_ rather than _things_; and he would not have exchanged the society of his father, nor the prospect of her hand and heart, for all the wealth and splendour of which his cousin William was the master.

relationsnounUS /riˈleɪʃənz/

mutual dealings or connections or communications among persons or groups

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

reliefnounUS /rɪˈliːf/

the feeling that comes when something burdensome is removed or reduced

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

renderverbUS /ˈrendər/

cause to become

From this reading The contrast of the state of happiness between the two brothers was nearly resembled by that of the two cousins--the riches of young William did not render him happy, nor did the poverty of young Henry doom him to misery.

repaidverbUS /riˈpeɪd/

inflected form of “repay” — pay back

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

resembledverbUS /rɪˈzembəld/

past form of “resemble” — appear like; be similar or bear a likeness to

From this reading The contrast of the state of happiness between the two brothers was nearly resembled by that of the two cousins--the riches of young William did not render him happy, nor did the poverty of young Henry doom him to misery.

richesnounUS /ˈrɪtʃəz/

an abundance of material possessions and resources

From this reading The contrast of the state of happiness between the two brothers was nearly resembled by that of the two cousins--the riches of young William did not render him happy, nor did the poverty of young Henry doom him to misery.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading He was right.

sacrificenounUS /ˈsækrəfaɪs/

the act of losing or surrendering something as a penalty for a mistake or fault or failure to perform etc.

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

societynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading His affectionate heart, as he had described in his letter to Rebecca, loved _persons_ rather than _things_; and he would not have exchanged the society of his father, nor the prospect of her hand and heart, for all the wealth and splendour of which his cousin William was the master.

splendournoun

a quality that outshines the usual

From this reading His affectionate heart, as he had described in his letter to Rebecca, loved _persons_ rather than _things_; and he would not have exchanged the society of his father, nor the prospect of her hand and heart, for all the wealth and splendour of which his cousin William was the master.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading The contrast of the state of happiness between the two brothers was nearly resembled by that of the two cousins--the riches of young William did not render him happy, nor did the poverty of young Henry doom him to misery.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

summitnounUS /ˈsʌmət/

the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

tenderadjectiveUS /ˈtendər/

given to sympathy or gentleness or sentimentality

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading His affectionate heart, as he had described in his letter to Rebecca, loved _persons_ rather than _things_; and he would not have exchanged the society of his father, nor the prospect of her hand and heart, for all the wealth and splendour of which his cousin William was the master.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The contrast of the state of happiness between the two brothers was nearly resembled by that of the two cousins--the riches of young William did not render him happy, nor did the poverty of young Henry doom him to misery.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The contrast of the state of happiness between the two brothers was nearly resembled by that of the two cousins--the riches of young William did not render him happy, nor did the poverty of young Henry doom him to misery.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading His affectionate heart, as he had described in his letter to Rebecca, loved _persons_ rather than _things_; and he would not have exchanged the society of his father, nor the prospect of her hand and heart, for all the wealth and splendour of which his cousin William was the master.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Young William, though he viewed with contempt Henry's inferior state, was far less happy than he.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The contrast of the state of happiness between the two brothers was nearly resembled by that of the two cousins--the riches of young William did not render him happy, nor did the poverty of young Henry doom him to misery.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The contrast of the state of happiness between the two brothers was nearly resembled by that of the two cousins--the riches of young William did not render him happy, nor did the poverty of young Henry doom him to misery.

unremittingadjectiveUS /ˌʌnrɪˈmɪtɪŋ/

uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

viewedverbUS /vjuːd/

past form of “view” — deem to be

From this reading Young William, though he viewed with contempt Henry's inferior state, was far less happy than he.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The contrast of the state of happiness between the two brothers was nearly resembled by that of the two cousins--the riches of young William did not render him happy, nor did the poverty of young Henry doom him to misery.

wealthnounUS /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading His affectionate heart, as he had described in his letter to Rebecca, loved _persons_ rather than _things_; and he would not have exchanged the society of his father, nor the prospect of her hand and heart, for all the wealth and splendour of which his cousin William was the master.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading His affectionate heart, as he had described in his letter to Rebecca, loved _persons_ rather than _things_; and he would not have exchanged the society of his father, nor the prospect of her hand and heart, for all the wealth and splendour of which his cousin William was the master.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The contrast of the state of happiness between the two brothers was nearly resembled by that of the two cousins--the riches of young William did not render him happy, nor did the poverty of young Henry doom him to misery.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Young William, though he viewed with contempt Henry's inferior state, was far less happy than he.

womannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading His marriage had been the very counterpart of his father's; and having no child to create affection to his home, his study was the only relief from that domestic incumbrance called his wife; and though, by unremitting application there (joined to the influence of the potent relations of the woman he hated), he at length arrived at the summit of his ambitious desires, still they poorly repaid him for the sacrifice he had made in early life of every tender disposition.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading His affectionate heart, as he had described in his letter to Rebecca, loved _persons_ rather than _things_; and he would not have exchanged the society of his father, nor the prospect of her hand and heart, for all the wealth and splendour of which his cousin William was the master.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading The contrast of the state of happiness between the two brothers was nearly resembled by that of the two cousins--the riches of young William did not render him happy, nor did the poverty of young Henry doom him to misery.

Chapter 33 of Nature and Art by Mrs. Inchbald holds 18 sentences, grouped into 4 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 33 of Nature and Art contain?

Chapter 33 holds 18 sentences of Nature and Art, unabridged, divided into 4 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 33 of Nature and Art by Mrs. Inchbald exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 18 sentences, grouped into 4 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 33 of Nature and Art?

Work through the 4 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 4 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 33 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 33 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Nature and Art

Common questions about reading Nature and Art by Mrs. Inchbald on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Nature and Art?

Yes. All 1542 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3787 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Nature and Art is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3787, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Nature and Art take to read?

About 128 minutes of reading across 309 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Nature and Art section by section

How to work through Nature and Art section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Nature and Art to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Nature and Art

Words and structures a reader meets early in Nature and Art, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Nobility
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature and Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Britain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature and Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Laureate
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature and Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Admirers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature and Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.