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Nature's Serial Story
Nature's Serial Story

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Nature's Serial Story is here in full — 414 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Nature's Serial Story
Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A MOUNTAINEER'S HOVEL One winter noon Leonard returned from his superintendence of the wood-cutting in the mountains.
At the dinner-table be remarked: "I have heard to-day that the Lumley family are in great destitution, as usual.
It is useless to help them, and yet one cannot sit down to a dinner like this in comfort while even the Lumleys are hungry."
"Hunger is their one good trait," said Webb.
"Under its incentive they contribute the smallest amount possible to the world's work."
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Nature's Serial Story

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Nature's Serial Story is here in full — 414 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A MOUNTAINEER'S HOVEL One winter noon Leonard returned from his superintendence of the wood-cutting in the mountains.
Line 2
At the dinner-table be remarked: "I have heard to-day that the Lumley family are in great destitution, as usual.
Line 3
It is useless to help them, and yet one cannot sit down to a dinner like this in comfort while even the Lumleys are hungry."
Line 4
"Hunger is their one good trait," said Webb.
/ˈhʌŋɡər ɪz ðer wʌn ɡʊd treɪt sed web/
Line 5
"Under its incentive they contribute the smallest amount possible to the world's work."
/ˈʌndər ɪts ˌɪnˈsentɪv ðeɪ kənˈtrɪbjuːt ðə ˈsmɔːləst əˈmaʊnt ˈpɑːsəbəl tuː ðə wɜːrldz wɜːrk/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

contribute verb US /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/

bestow a quality on

From this reading “"Under its incentive they contribute the smallest amount possible to the world's work."”

destitution noun US /ˈdestətuːʃən/

a state without friends or money or prospects

From this reading “At the dinner-table be remarked: "I have heard to-day that the Lumley family are in great destitution, as usual.”

hovel noun US /ˈhʌvəl/

small crude shelter used as a dwelling

From this reading “A MOUNTAINEER'S HOVEL One winter noon Leonard returned from his superintendence of the wood-cutting in the mountains.”

incentive noun US /ˌɪnˈsentɪv/

a positive motivational influence

From this reading “"Under its incentive they contribute the smallest amount possible to the world's work."”

Leonard noun US /ˈlenərd/

United States writer of thrillers (born in 1925)

From this reading “A MOUNTAINEER'S HOVEL One winter noon Leonard returned from his superintendence of the wood-cutting in the mountains.”

trait noun US /treɪt/

a distinguishing feature of your personal nature

From this reading “"Hunger is their one good trait," said Webb.”

Webb noun US /web/

English writer and a central member of the Fabian Society (1858-1943)

From this reading “"Hunger is their one good trait," said Webb.”

world's noun US /wɜːrldz/

possessive form of “world” — everything that exists anywhere

From this reading “"Under its incentive they contribute the smallest amount possible to the world's work."”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A MOUNTAINEER'S HOVEL One winter noon Leonard returned from his superintendence of the wood-cutting in the mountains.

amountnounUS /əˈmaʊnt/

a quantity of money

From this reading "Under its incentive they contribute the smallest amount possible to the world's work."

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It is useless to help them, and yet one cannot sit down to a dinner like this in comfort while even the Lumleys are hungry."

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading At the dinner-table be remarked: "I have heard to-day that the Lumley family are in great destitution, as usual.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading At the dinner-table be remarked: "I have heard to-day that the Lumley family are in great destitution, as usual.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At the dinner-table be remarked: "I have heard to-day that the Lumley family are in great destitution, as usual.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading At the dinner-table be remarked: "I have heard to-day that the Lumley family are in great destitution, as usual.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is useless to help them, and yet one cannot sit down to a dinner like this in comfort while even the Lumleys are hungry."

comfortnounUS /ˈkʌmfərt/

a state of being relaxed and feeling no pain

From this reading It is useless to help them, and yet one cannot sit down to a dinner like this in comfort while even the Lumleys are hungry."

contributeverbUS /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/

bestow a quality on

From this reading "Under its incentive they contribute the smallest amount possible to the world's work."

destitutionnounUS /ˈdestətuːʃən/

a state without friends or money or prospects

From this reading At the dinner-table be remarked: "I have heard to-day that the Lumley family are in great destitution, as usual.

dinnernounUS /ˈdɪnər/

the main meal of the day served in the evening or at midday

From this reading It is useless to help them, and yet one cannot sit down to a dinner like this in comfort while even the Lumleys are hungry."

dinner-table

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the dinner-table be remarked: "I have heard to-day that the Lumley family are in great destitution, as usual.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading It is useless to help them, and yet one cannot sit down to a dinner like this in comfort while even the Lumleys are hungry."

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading It is useless to help them, and yet one cannot sit down to a dinner like this in comfort while even the Lumleys are hungry."

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading At the dinner-table be remarked: "I have heard to-day that the Lumley family are in great destitution, as usual.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading A MOUNTAINEER'S HOVEL One winter noon Leonard returned from his superintendence of the wood-cutting in the mountains.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading "Hunger is their one good trait," said Webb.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading At the dinner-table be remarked: "I have heard to-day that the Lumley family are in great destitution, as usual.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading At the dinner-table be remarked: "I have heard to-day that the Lumley family are in great destitution, as usual.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading At the dinner-table be remarked: "I have heard to-day that the Lumley family are in great destitution, as usual.

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading It is useless to help them, and yet one cannot sit down to a dinner like this in comfort while even the Lumleys are hungry."

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading A MOUNTAINEER'S HOVEL One winter noon Leonard returned from his superintendence of the wood-cutting in the mountains.

HOVELnounUS /ˈhʌvəl/

small crude shelter used as a dwelling

From this reading A MOUNTAINEER'S HOVEL One winter noon Leonard returned from his superintendence of the wood-cutting in the mountains.

HungernounUS /ˈhʌŋɡər/

a physiological need for food; the consequence of food deprivation

From this reading "Hunger is their one good trait," said Webb.

hungryadjectiveUS /ˈhʌŋɡri/

feeling hunger; feeling a need or desire to eat food

From this reading It is useless to help them, and yet one cannot sit down to a dinner like this in comfort while even the Lumleys are hungry."

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading At the dinner-table be remarked: "I have heard to-day that the Lumley family are in great destitution, as usual.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A MOUNTAINEER'S HOVEL One winter noon Leonard returned from his superintendence of the wood-cutting in the mountains.

incentivenounUS /ˌɪnˈsentɪv/

a positive motivational influence

From this reading "Under its incentive they contribute the smallest amount possible to the world's work."

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is useless to help them, and yet one cannot sit down to a dinner like this in comfort while even the Lumleys are hungry."

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is useless to help them, and yet one cannot sit down to a dinner like this in comfort while even the Lumleys are hungry."

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading "Under its incentive they contribute the smallest amount possible to the world's work."

LeonardnounUS /ˈlenərd/

United States writer of thrillers (born in 1925)

From this reading A MOUNTAINEER'S HOVEL One winter noon Leonard returned from his superintendence of the wood-cutting in the mountains.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading It is useless to help them, and yet one cannot sit down to a dinner like this in comfort while even the Lumleys are hungry."

Lumley

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the dinner-table be remarked: "I have heard to-day that the Lumley family are in great destitution, as usual.

Lumleys

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is useless to help them, and yet one cannot sit down to a dinner like this in comfort while even the Lumleys are hungry."

MOUNTAINEER'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A MOUNTAINEER'S HOVEL One winter noon Leonard returned from his superintendence of the wood-cutting in the mountains.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading A MOUNTAINEER'S HOVEL One winter noon Leonard returned from his superintendence of the wood-cutting in the mountains.

noonnounUS /nuːn/

the middle of the day

From this reading A MOUNTAINEER'S HOVEL One winter noon Leonard returned from his superintendence of the wood-cutting in the mountains.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A MOUNTAINEER'S HOVEL One winter noon Leonard returned from his superintendence of the wood-cutting in the mountains.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading A MOUNTAINEER'S HOVEL One winter noon Leonard returned from his superintendence of the wood-cutting in the mountains.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading "Under its incentive they contribute the smallest amount possible to the world's work."

remarkedverbUS /rɪˈmɑːrkt/

past form of “remark” — make mention of

From this reading At the dinner-table be remarked: "I have heard to-day that the Lumley family are in great destitution, as usual.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading A MOUNTAINEER'S HOVEL One winter noon Leonard returned from his superintendence of the wood-cutting in the mountains.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "Hunger is their one good trait," said Webb.

sitverbUS /sɪt/

be seated

From this reading It is useless to help them, and yet one cannot sit down to a dinner like this in comfort while even the Lumleys are hungry."

smallestadjectiveUS /ˈsmɔːləst/

superlative of “small” — limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading "Under its incentive they contribute the smallest amount possible to the world's work."

superintendencenoun

management by overseeing the performance or operation of a person or group

From this reading A MOUNTAINEER'S HOVEL One winter noon Leonard returned from his superintendence of the wood-cutting in the mountains.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading At the dinner-table be remarked: "I have heard to-day that the Lumley family are in great destitution, as usual.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A MOUNTAINEER'S HOVEL One winter noon Leonard returned from his superintendence of the wood-cutting in the mountains.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading "Hunger is their one good trait," said Webb.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading It is useless to help them, and yet one cannot sit down to a dinner like this in comfort while even the Lumleys are hungry."

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "Under its incentive they contribute the smallest amount possible to the world's work."

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading It is useless to help them, and yet one cannot sit down to a dinner like this in comfort while even the Lumleys are hungry."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is useless to help them, and yet one cannot sit down to a dinner like this in comfort while even the Lumleys are hungry."

to-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the dinner-table be remarked: "I have heard to-day that the Lumley family are in great destitution, as usual.

traitnounUS /treɪt/

a distinguishing feature of your personal nature

From this reading "Hunger is their one good trait," said Webb.

UnderprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading "Under its incentive they contribute the smallest amount possible to the world's work."

uselessadjectiveUS /ˈjuːsləs/

having no beneficial use or incapable of functioning usefully

From this reading It is useless to help them, and yet one cannot sit down to a dinner like this in comfort while even the Lumleys are hungry."

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading At the dinner-table be remarked: "I have heard to-day that the Lumley family are in great destitution, as usual.

WebbnounUS /web/

English writer and a central member of the Fabian Society (1858-1943)

From this reading "Hunger is their one good trait," said Webb.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading It is useless to help them, and yet one cannot sit down to a dinner like this in comfort while even the Lumleys are hungry."

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading A MOUNTAINEER'S HOVEL One winter noon Leonard returned from his superintendence of the wood-cutting in the mountains.

wood-cutting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A MOUNTAINEER'S HOVEL One winter noon Leonard returned from his superintendence of the wood-cutting in the mountains.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading "Under its incentive they contribute the smallest amount possible to the world's work."

world'snounUS /wɜːrldz/

possessive form of “world” — everything that exists anywhere

From this reading "Under its incentive they contribute the smallest amount possible to the world's work."

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading It is useless to help them, and yet one cannot sit down to a dinner like this in comfort while even the Lumleys are hungry."

Chapter 8 of Nature's Serial Story by Edward Payson Roe holds 414 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Nature's Serial Story contain?

Chapter 8 holds 414 sentences of Nature's Serial Story, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Nature's Serial Story by Edward Payson Roe exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 414 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Nature's Serial Story?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Nature's Serial Story

Common questions about reading Nature's Serial Story by Edward Payson Roe on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Nature's Serial Story?

Yes. All 7530 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6412 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Nature's Serial Story is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6412, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Nature's Serial Story take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1506 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Nature's Serial Story section by section

How to work through Nature's Serial Story section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Nature's Serial Story to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Nature's Serial Story

Words and structures a reader meets early in Nature's Serial Story, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Reader
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature's Serial Story; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Consider
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature's Serial Story; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Himself
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature's Serial Story; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Introduced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature's Serial Story; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.