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Nature's year
Nature's year

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Nature's year is here in full — 445 sentences across 89 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Nature's year
Context Illustration Reading 1/89 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.
The beach shelves down from the dunes and meets the exposed tidal ground, ledges of dark peat which is pitted like volcanic rock, and very slippery to walk on.
Beyond it at low tide the sand flats ease out, stretch and flow, with aisles and purple fingers of water rippling, writhing, and probing across them.
Further along the shore a group of gray and white herring gulls stand into the wind.
Hiding in a clump of peat-rooted grasses a few hundred feet from them is a gull in its first year.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Nature's year

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Nature's year is here in full — 445 sentences across 89 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/89 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.
Line 2
The beach shelves down from the dunes and meets the exposed tidal ground, ledges of dark peat which is pitted like volcanic rock, and very slippery to walk on.
/ðə biːtʃ ʃelvz daʊn frʌm ðə duːnz ənd miːts ðə ɪkˈspoʊzd ˈtaɪdəl ɡraʊnd ˈledʒɪz ʌv dɑːrk piːt wɪtʃ ɪz ˈpɪtɪd laɪk vɑːlˈkænɪk rɑːk ənd ˈveri ˈslɪpəri tuː wɔːk ɑːn/
Line 3
Beyond it at low tide the sand flats ease out, stretch and flow, with aisles and purple fingers of water rippling, writhing, and probing across them.
/bɪˈɑːnd ɪt æt loʊ taɪd ðə sænd flæts iːz aʊt stretʃ ənd floʊ wɪð aɪlz ənd ˈpɜːrpəl ˈfɪŋɡərz ʌv ˈwɔːtər ˈrɪpəlɪŋ ˈraɪðɪŋ ənd ˈproʊbɪŋ əˈkrɔːs ðem/
Line 4
Further along the shore a group of gray and white herring gulls stand into the wind.
/ˈfɜːrðər əˈlɔːŋ ðə ʃɔːr ə ɡruːp ʌv ɡreɪ ənd waɪt ˈherɪŋ ɡʌlz stænd ˈɪntuː ðə waɪnd/
Line 5
Hiding in a clump of peat-rooted grasses a few hundred feet from them is a gull in its first year.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cacti noun US /ˈkæktaɪ/

plural of “cactus” — any succulent plant of the family Cactaceae native chiefly to arid regions of the New World and usually having spines

From this reading “The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.”

goldenrod noun US /ˈɡoʊldənrɑːd/

any of numerous chiefly summer-blooming and fall-blooming North American plants especially of the genus Solidago

From this reading “The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.”

merges verb US /ˈmɜːrdʒɪz/

third-person singular of “merge” — become one

From this reading “The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.”

peat noun US /piːt/

partially carbonized vegetable matter saturated with water; can be used as a fuel when dried

From this reading “The beach shelves down from the dunes and meets the exposed tidal ground, ledges of dark peat which is pitted like volcanic rock, and very slippery to walk on.”

pitted adjective US /ˈpɪtɪd/

pitted with cell-like cavities (as a honeycomb)

From this reading “The beach shelves down from the dunes and meets the exposed tidal ground, ledges of dark peat which is pitted like volcanic rock, and very slippery to walk on.”

probing adjective US /ˈproʊbɪŋ/

diligent and thorough in inquiry or investigation

From this reading “Beyond it at low tide the sand flats ease out, stretch and flow, with aisles and purple fingers of water rippling, writhing, and probing across them.”

succulent noun US /ˈsʌkjəlɪnt/

a plant adapted to arid conditions and characterized by fleshy water-storing tissues that act as water reservoirs

From this reading “The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.”

tidal adjective US /ˈtaɪdəl/

of or relating to or caused by tides

From this reading “The beach shelves down from the dunes and meets the exposed tidal ground, ledges of dark peat which is pitted like volcanic rock, and very slippery to walk on.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

volcanic rock adjective + noun

extrusive igneous rock solidified near or on the surface of the Earth

In this reading “The beach shelves down from the dunes and meets the exposed tidal ground, ledges of dark peat which is pitted like volcanic rock, and very slippery to walk on.”

along the shore preposition + article + noun counted as “along … shore”

In this reading “Further along the shore a group of gray and white herring gulls stand into the wind.”

low tide adjective + noun

the lowest (farthest) ebb of the tide

In this reading “Beyond it at low tide the sand flats ease out, stretch and flow, with aisles and purple fingers of water rippling, writhing, and probing across them.”

hundred feet noun + noun counted as “hundred foot”

In this reading “Hiding in a clump of peat-rooted grasses a few hundred feet from them is a gull in its first year.”

few hundred adjective + noun

In this reading “Hiding in a clump of peat-rooted grasses a few hundred feet from them is a gull in its first year.”

first year adjective + noun

In this reading “Hiding in a clump of peat-rooted grasses a few hundred feet from them is a gull in its first year.”

All words in this reading · 92

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading Beyond it at low tide the sand flats ease out, stretch and flow, with aisles and purple fingers of water rippling, writhing, and probing across them.

aislesnounUS /aɪlz/

plural of “aisle” — a long narrow passage (as in a cave or woods)

From this reading Beyond it at low tide the sand flats ease out, stretch and flow, with aisles and purple fingers of water rippling, writhing, and probing across them.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading Further along the shore a group of gray and white herring gulls stand into the wind.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Beyond it at low tide the sand flats ease out, stretch and flow, with aisles and purple fingers of water rippling, writhing, and probing across them.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.

beachnounUS /biːtʃ/

an area of sand sloping down to the water of a sea or lake

From this reading The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.

BeyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading Beyond it at low tide the sand flats ease out, stretch and flow, with aisles and purple fingers of water rippling, writhing, and probing across them.

broadadjectiveUS /brɔːd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.

cactinounUS /ˈkæktaɪ/

plural of “cactus” — any succulent plant of the family Cactaceae native chiefly to arid regions of the New World and usually having spines

From this reading The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.

clumpnounUS /klʌmp/

a grouping of a number of similar things

From this reading Hiding in a clump of peat-rooted grasses a few hundred feet from them is a gull in its first year.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading The beach shelves down from the dunes and meets the exposed tidal ground, ledges of dark peat which is pitted like volcanic rock, and very slippery to walk on.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The beach shelves down from the dunes and meets the exposed tidal ground, ledges of dark peat which is pitted like volcanic rock, and very slippery to walk on.

dunesnounUS /duːnz/

plural of “dune” — a ridge of sand created by the wind; found in deserts or near lakes and oceans

From this reading The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.

easeverbUS /iːz/

move gently or carefully

From this reading Beyond it at low tide the sand flats ease out, stretch and flow, with aisles and purple fingers of water rippling, writhing, and probing across them.

exposedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspoʊzd/

with no protection or shield

From this reading The beach shelves down from the dunes and meets the exposed tidal ground, ledges of dark peat which is pitted like volcanic rock, and very slippery to walk on.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading Hiding in a clump of peat-rooted grasses a few hundred feet from them is a gull in its first year.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Hiding in a clump of peat-rooted grasses a few hundred feet from them is a gull in its first year.

fingersnounUS /ˈfɪŋɡərz/

plural of “finger” — any of the terminal members of the hand (sometimes excepting the thumb)

From this reading Beyond it at low tide the sand flats ease out, stretch and flow, with aisles and purple fingers of water rippling, writhing, and probing across them.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Hiding in a clump of peat-rooted grasses a few hundred feet from them is a gull in its first year.

flatsnounUS /flæts/

footwear (shoes or slippers) with no heel (or a very low heel)

From this reading Beyond it at low tide the sand flats ease out, stretch and flow, with aisles and purple fingers of water rippling, writhing, and probing across them.

flownounUS /floʊ/

the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)

From this reading Beyond it at low tide the sand flats ease out, stretch and flow, with aisles and purple fingers of water rippling, writhing, and probing across them.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The beach shelves down from the dunes and meets the exposed tidal ground, ledges of dark peat which is pitted like volcanic rock, and very slippery to walk on.

FurtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading Further along the shore a group of gray and white herring gulls stand into the wind.

goldenrodnounUS /ˈɡoʊldənrɑːd/

any of numerous chiefly summer-blooming and fall-blooming North American plants especially of the genus Solidago

From this reading The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.

grassverbUS /ɡræs/

shoot down, of birds

From this reading The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.

grassesnounUS /ˈɡræsəz/

plural of “grass” — narrow-leaved green herbage: grown as lawns; used as pasture for grazing animals; cut and dried as hay

From this reading Hiding in a clump of peat-rooted grasses a few hundred feet from them is a gull in its first year.

graynounUS /ɡreɪ/

a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading Further along the shore a group of gray and white herring gulls stand into the wind.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading The beach shelves down from the dunes and meets the exposed tidal ground, ledges of dark peat which is pitted like volcanic rock, and very slippery to walk on.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading Further along the shore a group of gray and white herring gulls stand into the wind.

gullverbUS /ɡʌl/

make a fool or dupe of

From this reading Hiding in a clump of peat-rooted grasses a few hundred feet from them is a gull in its first year.

gullsnounUS /ɡʌlz/

plural of “gull” — a person who is gullible and easy to take advantage of

From this reading Further along the shore a group of gray and white herring gulls stand into the wind.

herringnounUS /ˈherɪŋ/

valuable flesh of fatty fish from shallow waters of northern Atlantic or Pacific; usually salted or pickled

From this reading Further along the shore a group of gray and white herring gulls stand into the wind.

HidingnounUS /ˈhaɪdɪŋ/

the activity of keeping something secret

From this reading Hiding in a clump of peat-rooted grasses a few hundred feet from them is a gull in its first year.

holdverbUS /hoʊld/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading Hiding in a clump of peat-rooted grasses a few hundred feet from them is a gull in its first year.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Hiding in a clump of peat-rooted grasses a few hundred feet from them is a gull in its first year.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Further along the shore a group of gray and white herring gulls stand into the wind.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The beach shelves down from the dunes and meets the exposed tidal ground, ledges of dark peat which is pitted like volcanic rock, and very slippery to walk on.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Beyond it at low tide the sand flats ease out, stretch and flow, with aisles and purple fingers of water rippling, writhing, and probing across them.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Hiding in a clump of peat-rooted grasses a few hundred feet from them is a gull in its first year.

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.

ledgesnounUS /ˈledʒɪz/

plural of “ledge” — a projecting ridge on a mountain or submerged under water

From this reading The beach shelves down from the dunes and meets the exposed tidal ground, ledges of dark peat which is pitted like volcanic rock, and very slippery to walk on.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The beach shelves down from the dunes and meets the exposed tidal ground, ledges of dark peat which is pitted like volcanic rock, and very slippery to walk on.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.

marshnounUS /mɑːrʃ/

low-lying wet land with grassy vegetation; usually is a transition zone between land and water

From this reading The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.

meetsnounUS /miːts/

plural of “meet” — a meeting at which a number of athletic contests are held

From this reading The beach shelves down from the dunes and meets the exposed tidal ground, ledges of dark peat which is pitted like volcanic rock, and very slippery to walk on.

mergesverbUS /ˈmɜːrdʒɪz/

third-person singular of “merge” — become one

From this reading The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.

moisturenounUS /ˈmɔɪstʃər/

wetness caused by water

From this reading The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The beach shelves down from the dunes and meets the exposed tidal ground, ledges of dark peat which is pitted like volcanic rock, and very slippery to walk on.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Beyond it at low tide the sand flats ease out, stretch and flow, with aisles and purple fingers of water rippling, writhing, and probing across them.

peatnounUS /piːt/

partially carbonized vegetable matter saturated with water; can be used as a fuel when dried

From this reading The beach shelves down from the dunes and meets the exposed tidal ground, ledges of dark peat which is pitted like volcanic rock, and very slippery to walk on.

peat-rooted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hiding in a clump of peat-rooted grasses a few hundred feet from them is a gull in its first year.

pittedadjectiveUS /ˈpɪtɪd/

pitted with cell-like cavities (as a honeycomb)

From this reading The beach shelves down from the dunes and meets the exposed tidal ground, ledges of dark peat which is pitted like volcanic rock, and very slippery to walk on.

probingadjectiveUS /ˈproʊbɪŋ/

diligent and thorough in inquiry or investigation

From this reading Beyond it at low tide the sand flats ease out, stretch and flow, with aisles and purple fingers of water rippling, writhing, and probing across them.

purplenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəl/

a purple color or pigment

From this reading Beyond it at low tide the sand flats ease out, stretch and flow, with aisles and purple fingers of water rippling, writhing, and probing across them.

relatedadjectiveUS /rɪˈleɪtɪd/

being connected either logically or causally or by shared characteristics

From this reading The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.

retainverbUS /rɪˈteɪn/

hold back within

From this reading The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.

ripplingnounUS /ˈrɪpəlɪŋ/

a small wave on the surface of a liquid

From this reading Beyond it at low tide the sand flats ease out, stretch and flow, with aisles and purple fingers of water rippling, writhing, and probing across them.

rocknounUS /rɑːk/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading The beach shelves down from the dunes and meets the exposed tidal ground, ledges of dark peat which is pitted like volcanic rock, and very slippery to walk on.

sandnounUS /sænd/

a loose material consisting of grains of rock or coral

From this reading The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.

seasidenounUS /ˈsiːsaɪd/

the shore of a sea or ocean regarded as a resort

From this reading The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.

sharp-tipped

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.

shelvesnounUS /ʃelvz/

Plural of shelf; the vast wooden or stone structures holding archives.

From this reading The beach shelves down from the dunes and meets the exposed tidal ground, ledges of dark peat which is pitted like volcanic rock, and very slippery to walk on.

shorenounUS /ʃɔːr/

the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading Further along the shore a group of gray and white herring gulls stand into the wind.

slipperyadjectiveUS /ˈslɪpəri/

causing or tending to cause things to slip or slide

From this reading The beach shelves down from the dunes and meets the exposed tidal ground, ledges of dark peat which is pitted like volcanic rock, and very slippery to walk on.

softadjectiveUS /sɑːft/

yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.

stalkedadjectiveUS /stɔːkt/

having or growing on or from a peduncle or stalk

From this reading The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading Further along the shore a group of gray and white herring gulls stand into the wind.

stiffadjectiveUS /stɪf/

not moving or operating freely

From this reading The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.

stretchverbUS /stretʃ/

occupy a large, elongated area

From this reading Beyond it at low tide the sand flats ease out, stretch and flow, with aisles and purple fingers of water rippling, writhing, and probing across them.

succulentnounUS /ˈsʌkjəlɪnt/

a plant adapted to arid conditions and characterized by fleshy water-storing tissues that act as water reservoirs

From this reading The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Beyond it at low tide the sand flats ease out, stretch and flow, with aisles and purple fingers of water rippling, writhing, and probing across them.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.

tidaladjectiveUS /ˈtaɪdəl/

of or relating to or caused by tides

From this reading The beach shelves down from the dunes and meets the exposed tidal ground, ledges of dark peat which is pitted like volcanic rock, and very slippery to walk on.

tidenounUS /taɪd/

the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon

From this reading Beyond it at low tide the sand flats ease out, stretch and flow, with aisles and purple fingers of water rippling, writhing, and probing across them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The beach shelves down from the dunes and meets the exposed tidal ground, ledges of dark peat which is pitted like volcanic rock, and very slippery to walk on.

volcanicadjectiveUS /vɑːlˈkænɪk/

relating to or produced by or consisting of volcanoes

From this reading The beach shelves down from the dunes and meets the exposed tidal ground, ledges of dark peat which is pitted like volcanic rock, and very slippery to walk on.

walknounUS /wɔːk/

the act of traveling by foot

From this reading The beach shelves down from the dunes and meets the exposed tidal ground, ledges of dark peat which is pitted like volcanic rock, and very slippery to walk on.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading Beyond it at low tide the sand flats ease out, stretch and flow, with aisles and purple fingers of water rippling, writhing, and probing across them.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The beach shelves down from the dunes and meets the exposed tidal ground, ledges of dark peat which is pitted like volcanic rock, and very slippery to walk on.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading Further along the shore a group of gray and white herring gulls stand into the wind.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading Further along the shore a group of gray and white herring gulls stand into the wind.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The marsh merges with the sand, back of low dunes covered with stiff, sharp-tipped beach grass and seaside goldenrod, thick stalked, with broad soft leaves, a succulent, related to cacti, made to hold and retain moisture.

writhingadjectiveUS /ˈraɪðɪŋ/

moving in a twisting or snake-like or wormlike fashion

From this reading Beyond it at low tide the sand flats ease out, stretch and flow, with aisles and purple fingers of water rippling, writhing, and probing across them.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Hiding in a clump of peat-rooted grasses a few hundred feet from them is a gull in its first year.

Chapter 2 of Nature's year by John Hay holds 445 sentences, grouped into 89 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Nature's year contain?

Chapter 2 holds 445 sentences of Nature's year, unabridged, divided into 89 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Nature's year by John Hay exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 445 sentences, grouped into 89 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Nature's year?

Work through the 89 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 89 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Nature's year

Common questions about reading Nature's year by John Hay on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Nature's year?

Yes. All 2623 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #76613 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Nature's year is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #76613, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Nature's year take to read?

About 218 minutes of reading across 525 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Nature's year section by section

How to work through Nature's year section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 6 chapters of Nature's year to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Nature's year

Words and structures a reader meets early in Nature's year, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Doubleday
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature's year; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Company
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature's year; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Garden
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature's year; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Kristi
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature's year; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.