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Nature's year
Nature's year

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Nature's year is here in full — 453 sentences across 91 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/90 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
But there is a natural complex of greed, a provision for appetite, that brings men and earth to mutuality.
Manifested by the weather, it sometimes puts us out of doors to understand real fortitude.
Instead of easing on toward January, December begins to tug and roar.
It snows all day and there are north winds of from thirty to forty miles an hour driving the snow against our houses, suggesting an extra struggle we might not be quite ready for.
Then it warms up to 2 or 4 degrees above freezing, and the following morning begins with a cold rain and sleet falling down with hissing, disheartening force.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Nature's year

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Nature's year is here in full — 453 sentences across 91 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/90 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
But there is a natural complex of greed, a provision for appetite, that brings men and earth to mutuality.
/bʌt ðer ɪz ə ˈnætʃərəl ˈkɑːmpleks ʌv ɡriːd ə prəˈvɪʒən fɔːr ˈæpətaɪt ðæt brɪŋz men ənd ɜːrθ tuː ˌmjuːtʃuːˈælɪti/
Line 2
Manifested by the weather, it sometimes puts us out of doors to understand real fortitude.
/ˈmænəfestəd baɪ ðə ˈweðər ɪt səmˈtaɪmz pʊts ʌs aʊt ʌv dɔːrz tuː ˌʌndərˈstænd riːl ˈfɔːrtɪtuːd/
Line 3
Instead of easing on toward January, December begins to tug and roar.
/ˌɪnˈsted ʌv ˈiːzɪŋ ɑːn təˈwɔːrd ˈdʒænjuːeri dɪˈsembər bɪˈɡɪnz tuː tʌɡ ənd rɔːr/
Line 4
It snows all day and there are north winds of from thirty to forty miles an hour driving the snow against our houses, suggesting an extra struggle we might not be quite ready for.
/ɪt snoʊz ɔːl deɪ ənd ðer ɑːr nɔːrθ wɪndz ʌv frʌm ˈθɜːrdiː tuː ˈfɔːrti maɪlz æn ˈaʊər ˈdraɪvɪŋ ðə snoʊ əˈɡenst ˈaʊər ˈhaʊsəz səˈdʒestɪŋ æn ˈekstrə ˈstrʌɡəl wiː maɪt nɑːt biː kwaɪt ˈredi fɔːr/
Line 5
Then it warms up to 2 or 4 degrees above freezing, and the following morning begins with a cold rain and sleet falling down with hissing, disheartening force.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

disheartening adjective US /dɪsˈhɑːrtənɪŋ/

destructive of morale and self-reliance

From this reading “Then it warms up to 2 or 4 degrees above freezing, and the following morning begins with a cold rain and sleet falling down with hissing, disheartening force.”

easing noun US /ˈiːzɪŋ/

a change for the better

From this reading “Instead of easing on toward January, December begins to tug and roar.”

fortitude noun US /ˈfɔːrtɪtuːd/

strength of mind that enables one to endure adversity with courage

From this reading “Manifested by the weather, it sometimes puts us out of doors to understand real fortitude.”

freezing noun US /ˈfriːzɪŋ/

the withdrawal of heat to change something from a liquid to a solid

From this reading “Then it warms up to 2 or 4 degrees above freezing, and the following morning begins with a cold rain and sleet falling down with hissing, disheartening force.”

greed noun US /ɡriːd/

excessive desire to acquire or possess more (especially more material wealth) than one needs or deserves

From this reading “But there is a natural complex of greed, a provision for appetite, that brings men and earth to mutuality.”

mutuality noun US /ˌmjuːtʃuːˈælɪti/

a reciprocality of sentiments

From this reading “But there is a natural complex of greed, a provision for appetite, that brings men and earth to mutuality.”

sleet noun US /sliːt/

partially melted snow (or a mixture of rain and snow)

From this reading “Then it warms up to 2 or 4 degrees above freezing, and the following morning begins with a cold rain and sleet falling down with hissing, disheartening force.”

warms verb US /wɔːrmz/

third-person singular of “warm” — get warm or warmer

From this reading “Then it warms up to 2 or 4 degrees above freezing, and the following morning begins with a cold rain and sleet falling down with hissing, disheartening force.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

forty miles adjective + noun counted as “forty mile”

In this reading “It snows all day and there are north winds of from thirty to forty miles an hour driving the snow against our houses, suggesting an extra struggle we might not be quite ready for.”

following morning adjective + noun

In this reading “Then it warms up to 2 or 4 degrees above freezing, and the following morning begins with a cold rain and sleet falling down with hissing, disheartening force.”

north winds noun + noun counted as “north wind”

a wind that blows from the north

In this reading “It snows all day and there are north winds of from thirty to forty miles an hour driving the snow against our houses, suggesting an extra struggle we might not be quite ready for.”

quite ready adverb + adjective

In this reading “It snows all day and there are north winds of from thirty to forty miles an hour driving the snow against our houses, suggesting an extra struggle we might not be quite ready for.”

cold rain adjective + noun

In this reading “Then it warms up to 2 or 4 degrees above freezing, and the following morning begins with a cold rain and sleet falling down with hissing, disheartening force.”

Manifested by verb + particle counted as “manifest by”

In this reading “Manifested by the weather, it sometimes puts us out of doors to understand real fortitude.”

all day adjective + noun

In this reading “It snows all day and there are north winds of from thirty to forty miles an hour driving the snow against our houses, suggesting an extra struggle we might not be quite ready for.”

begins with verb + particle counted as “begin with”

In this reading “Then it warms up to 2 or 4 degrees above freezing, and the following morning begins with a cold rain and sleet falling down with hissing, disheartening force.”

All words in this reading · 86

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

2

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then it warms up to 2 or 4 degrees above freezing, and the following morning begins with a cold rain and sleet falling down with hissing, disheartening force.

4

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then it warms up to 2 or 4 degrees above freezing, and the following morning begins with a cold rain and sleet falling down with hissing, disheartening force.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But there is a natural complex of greed, a provision for appetite, that brings men and earth to mutuality.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading Then it warms up to 2 or 4 degrees above freezing, and the following morning begins with a cold rain and sleet falling down with hissing, disheartening force.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading It snows all day and there are north winds of from thirty to forty miles an hour driving the snow against our houses, suggesting an extra struggle we might not be quite ready for.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading It snows all day and there are north winds of from thirty to forty miles an hour driving the snow against our houses, suggesting an extra struggle we might not be quite ready for.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It snows all day and there are north winds of from thirty to forty miles an hour driving the snow against our houses, suggesting an extra struggle we might not be quite ready for.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But there is a natural complex of greed, a provision for appetite, that brings men and earth to mutuality.

appetitenounUS /ˈæpətaɪt/

a feeling of craving something

From this reading But there is a natural complex of greed, a provision for appetite, that brings men and earth to mutuality.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It snows all day and there are north winds of from thirty to forty miles an hour driving the snow against our houses, suggesting an extra struggle we might not be quite ready for.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It snows all day and there are north winds of from thirty to forty miles an hour driving the snow against our houses, suggesting an extra struggle we might not be quite ready for.

beginsnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnz/

plural of “begin” — Israeli statesman (born in Russia) who (as prime minister of Israel) negotiated a peace treaty with Anwar Sadat (then the president of Egypt) (1913-1992)

From this reading Instead of easing on toward January, December begins to tug and roar.

bringsverbUS /brɪŋz/

third-person singular of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading But there is a natural complex of greed, a provision for appetite, that brings men and earth to mutuality.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But there is a natural complex of greed, a provision for appetite, that brings men and earth to mutuality.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Manifested by the weather, it sometimes puts us out of doors to understand real fortitude.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading Then it warms up to 2 or 4 degrees above freezing, and the following morning begins with a cold rain and sleet falling down with hissing, disheartening force.

complexnounUS /ˈkɑːmpleks/

a conceptual whole made up of complicated and related parts

From this reading But there is a natural complex of greed, a provision for appetite, that brings men and earth to mutuality.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading It snows all day and there are north winds of from thirty to forty miles an hour driving the snow against our houses, suggesting an extra struggle we might not be quite ready for.

DecembernounUS /dɪˈsembər/

the last (12th) month of the year

From this reading Instead of easing on toward January, December begins to tug and roar.

degreesnounUS /dɪˈɡriːz/

plural of “degree” — a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading Then it warms up to 2 or 4 degrees above freezing, and the following morning begins with a cold rain and sleet falling down with hissing, disheartening force.

dishearteningadjectiveUS /dɪsˈhɑːrtənɪŋ/

destructive of morale and self-reliance

From this reading Then it warms up to 2 or 4 degrees above freezing, and the following morning begins with a cold rain and sleet falling down with hissing, disheartening force.

doorsnounUS /dɔːrz/

plural of “door” — a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading Manifested by the weather, it sometimes puts us out of doors to understand real fortitude.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Then it warms up to 2 or 4 degrees above freezing, and the following morning begins with a cold rain and sleet falling down with hissing, disheartening force.

drivingadjectiveUS /ˈdraɪvɪŋ/

having the power of driving or impelling

From this reading It snows all day and there are north winds of from thirty to forty miles an hour driving the snow against our houses, suggesting an extra struggle we might not be quite ready for.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading But there is a natural complex of greed, a provision for appetite, that brings men and earth to mutuality.

easingnounUS /ˈiːzɪŋ/

a change for the better

From this reading Instead of easing on toward January, December begins to tug and roar.

extraadjectiveUS /ˈekstrə/

more than is needed, desired, or required

From this reading It snows all day and there are north winds of from thirty to forty miles an hour driving the snow against our houses, suggesting an extra struggle we might not be quite ready for.

fallingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlɪŋ/

decreasing in amount or degree

From this reading Then it warms up to 2 or 4 degrees above freezing, and the following morning begins with a cold rain and sleet falling down with hissing, disheartening force.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading Then it warms up to 2 or 4 degrees above freezing, and the following morning begins with a cold rain and sleet falling down with hissing, disheartening force.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But there is a natural complex of greed, a provision for appetite, that brings men and earth to mutuality.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading Then it warms up to 2 or 4 degrees above freezing, and the following morning begins with a cold rain and sleet falling down with hissing, disheartening force.

fortitudenounUS /ˈfɔːrtɪtuːd/

strength of mind that enables one to endure adversity with courage

From this reading Manifested by the weather, it sometimes puts us out of doors to understand real fortitude.

fortyadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrti/

being ten more than thirty

From this reading It snows all day and there are north winds of from thirty to forty miles an hour driving the snow against our houses, suggesting an extra struggle we might not be quite ready for.

freezingnounUS /ˈfriːzɪŋ/

the withdrawal of heat to change something from a liquid to a solid

From this reading Then it warms up to 2 or 4 degrees above freezing, and the following morning begins with a cold rain and sleet falling down with hissing, disheartening force.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It snows all day and there are north winds of from thirty to forty miles an hour driving the snow against our houses, suggesting an extra struggle we might not be quite ready for.

greednounUS /ɡriːd/

excessive desire to acquire or possess more (especially more material wealth) than one needs or deserves

From this reading But there is a natural complex of greed, a provision for appetite, that brings men and earth to mutuality.

hissingnounUS /ˈhɪsɪŋ/

a fricative sound (especially as an expression of disapproval)

From this reading Then it warms up to 2 or 4 degrees above freezing, and the following morning begins with a cold rain and sleet falling down with hissing, disheartening force.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading It snows all day and there are north winds of from thirty to forty miles an hour driving the snow against our houses, suggesting an extra struggle we might not be quite ready for.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading It snows all day and there are north winds of from thirty to forty miles an hour driving the snow against our houses, suggesting an extra struggle we might not be quite ready for.

InsteadadverbUS /ˌɪnˈsted/

in place of, or as an alternative to

From this reading Instead of easing on toward January, December begins to tug and roar.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But there is a natural complex of greed, a provision for appetite, that brings men and earth to mutuality.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Manifested by the weather, it sometimes puts us out of doors to understand real fortitude.

JanuarynounUS /ˈdʒænjuːeri/

the first month of the year; begins 10 days after the winter solstice

From this reading Instead of easing on toward January, December begins to tug and roar.

ManifestedverbUS /ˈmænəfestəd/

past form of “manifest” — provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes

From this reading Manifested by the weather, it sometimes puts us out of doors to understand real fortitude.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading But there is a natural complex of greed, a provision for appetite, that brings men and earth to mutuality.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading It snows all day and there are north winds of from thirty to forty miles an hour driving the snow against our houses, suggesting an extra struggle we might not be quite ready for.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading It snows all day and there are north winds of from thirty to forty miles an hour driving the snow against our houses, suggesting an extra struggle we might not be quite ready for.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading Then it warms up to 2 or 4 degrees above freezing, and the following morning begins with a cold rain and sleet falling down with hissing, disheartening force.

mutualitynounUS /ˌmjuːtʃuːˈælɪti/

a reciprocality of sentiments

From this reading But there is a natural complex of greed, a provision for appetite, that brings men and earth to mutuality.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading But there is a natural complex of greed, a provision for appetite, that brings men and earth to mutuality.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading It snows all day and there are north winds of from thirty to forty miles an hour driving the snow against our houses, suggesting an extra struggle we might not be quite ready for.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It snows all day and there are north winds of from thirty to forty miles an hour driving the snow against our houses, suggesting an extra struggle we might not be quite ready for.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading But there is a natural complex of greed, a provision for appetite, that brings men and earth to mutuality.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Instead of easing on toward January, December begins to tug and roar.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Then it warms up to 2 or 4 degrees above freezing, and the following morning begins with a cold rain and sleet falling down with hissing, disheartening force.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading It snows all day and there are north winds of from thirty to forty miles an hour driving the snow against our houses, suggesting an extra struggle we might not be quite ready for.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Manifested by the weather, it sometimes puts us out of doors to understand real fortitude.

provisionnounUS /prəˈvɪʒən/

a stipulated condition

From this reading But there is a natural complex of greed, a provision for appetite, that brings men and earth to mutuality.

putsnounUS /pʊts/

plural of “put” — the option to sell a given stock (or stock index or commodity future) at a given price before a given date

From this reading Manifested by the weather, it sometimes puts us out of doors to understand real fortitude.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading It snows all day and there are north winds of from thirty to forty miles an hour driving the snow against our houses, suggesting an extra struggle we might not be quite ready for.

rainnounUS /reɪn/

water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading Then it warms up to 2 or 4 degrees above freezing, and the following morning begins with a cold rain and sleet falling down with hissing, disheartening force.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading It snows all day and there are north winds of from thirty to forty miles an hour driving the snow against our houses, suggesting an extra struggle we might not be quite ready for.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading Manifested by the weather, it sometimes puts us out of doors to understand real fortitude.

roarverbUS /rɔːr/

make a loud noise, as of wind, water, or vehicles

From this reading Instead of easing on toward January, December begins to tug and roar.

sleetnounUS /sliːt/

partially melted snow (or a mixture of rain and snow)

From this reading Then it warms up to 2 or 4 degrees above freezing, and the following morning begins with a cold rain and sleet falling down with hissing, disheartening force.

snownounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading It snows all day and there are north winds of from thirty to forty miles an hour driving the snow against our houses, suggesting an extra struggle we might not be quite ready for.

snowsnounUS /snoʊz/

plural of “snow” — precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading It snows all day and there are north winds of from thirty to forty miles an hour driving the snow against our houses, suggesting an extra struggle we might not be quite ready for.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading Manifested by the weather, it sometimes puts us out of doors to understand real fortitude.

struggleverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəl/

make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading It snows all day and there are north winds of from thirty to forty miles an hour driving the snow against our houses, suggesting an extra struggle we might not be quite ready for.

suggestingverbUS /səˈdʒestɪŋ/

-ing form of “suggest” — make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading It snows all day and there are north winds of from thirty to forty miles an hour driving the snow against our houses, suggesting an extra struggle we might not be quite ready for.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But there is a natural complex of greed, a provision for appetite, that brings men and earth to mutuality.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Manifested by the weather, it sometimes puts us out of doors to understand real fortitude.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then it warms up to 2 or 4 degrees above freezing, and the following morning begins with a cold rain and sleet falling down with hissing, disheartening force.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading But there is a natural complex of greed, a provision for appetite, that brings men and earth to mutuality.

thirtynounUS /ˈθɜːrdiː/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and three

From this reading It snows all day and there are north winds of from thirty to forty miles an hour driving the snow against our houses, suggesting an extra struggle we might not be quite ready for.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading But there is a natural complex of greed, a provision for appetite, that brings men and earth to mutuality.

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading Instead of easing on toward January, December begins to tug and roar.

tugverbUS /tʌɡ/

pull hard

From this reading Instead of easing on toward January, December begins to tug and roar.

understandverbUS /ˌʌndərˈstænd/

know and comprehend the nature or meaning of

From this reading Manifested by the weather, it sometimes puts us out of doors to understand real fortitude.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Then it warms up to 2 or 4 degrees above freezing, and the following morning begins with a cold rain and sleet falling down with hissing, disheartening force.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Manifested by the weather, it sometimes puts us out of doors to understand real fortitude.

warmsverbUS /wɔːrmz/

third-person singular of “warm” — get warm or warmer

From this reading Then it warms up to 2 or 4 degrees above freezing, and the following morning begins with a cold rain and sleet falling down with hissing, disheartening force.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading It snows all day and there are north winds of from thirty to forty miles an hour driving the snow against our houses, suggesting an extra struggle we might not be quite ready for.

weathernounUS /ˈweðər/

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading Manifested by the weather, it sometimes puts us out of doors to understand real fortitude.

windsnounUS /wɪndz/

plural of “wind” — air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading It snows all day and there are north winds of from thirty to forty miles an hour driving the snow against our houses, suggesting an extra struggle we might not be quite ready for.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Then it warms up to 2 or 4 degrees above freezing, and the following morning begins with a cold rain and sleet falling down with hissing, disheartening force.

Chapter 4 of Nature's year by John Hay holds 453 sentences, grouped into 91 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Nature's year contain?

Chapter 4 holds 453 sentences of Nature's year, unabridged, divided into 91 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Nature's year by John Hay exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 453 sentences, grouped into 91 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Nature's year?

Work through the 91 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 91 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Nature's year

Common questions about reading Nature's year by John Hay on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Nature's year?

Yes. All 2623 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #76613 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Nature's year is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #76613, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Nature's year take to read?

About 218 minutes of reading across 525 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Nature's year section by section

How to work through Nature's year section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 6 chapters of Nature's year to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Nature's year

Words and structures a reader meets early in Nature's year, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Doubleday
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature's year; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Company
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature's year; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Garden
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature's year; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Kristi
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature's year; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.