Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Negro workaday songs
Negro workaday songs

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Negro workaday songs is here in full — 6 sentences across 2 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Negro workaday songs
Context Illustration Reading 1/1 · 6 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 6
SONGS OF CONSTRUCTION CAMPS AND GANGS In the old days--and sometimes in more recent years--there were characteristic and unforgettable scenes of groups of Negroes singing in the fields.
Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin Erlong_.
Another picture is vivid: A spring morning, a few Negroes following mule and plow, many chopping cotton to the accompaniment of song, all making rhythm of song, movement, and clink of hoe resound in rare harmony, duly interspersed with shouts and laughter.
Or the morning yodel or cornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.
And there were the other group scenes: the roustabouts on the levee, the singers around the cabins, the groups in the kitchen.
Many of these scenes, of course, in modified form may yet be found and songs of their setting are still to be heard, but they do not constitute the most commonly abounding characteristic workaday songs of the present. [41] The phono-photographic record of such a yodel is given in
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Negro workaday songs

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Negro workaday songs is here in full — 6 sentences across 2 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/1 · 6 reading units · Lines 1–6

Line 1
SONGS OF CONSTRUCTION CAMPS AND GANGS In the old days--and sometimes in more recent years--there were characteristic and unforgettable scenes of groups of Negroes singing in the fields.
Line 2
Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep InchinErlong_.
Line 3
Another picture is vivid: A spring morning, a few Negroes following mule and plow, many chopping cotton to the accompaniment of song, all making rhythm of song, movement, and clink of hoe resound in rare harmony, duly interspersed with shouts and laughter.
/əˈnʌðər ˈpɪktʃər ɪz ˈvɪvəd ə sprɪŋ ˈmɔːrnɪŋ ə fjuː ˈniːɡroʊz ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ mjuːl ənd plaʊ ˈmeni ˈtʃɑːpɪŋ ˈkɑːtən tuː ðə əˈkʌmpnɪmənt ʌv sɔːŋ ɔːl ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈrɪðəm ʌv sɔːŋ ˈmuːvmənt ənd klɪŋk ʌv hoʊ ˌriːˈsaʊnd ɪn rer ˈhɑːrməni ˈduːli ˌɪntərˈspɜːrst wɪð ʃaʊts ənd ˈlæftər/
Line 4
Or the morning yodel orcornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.
Line 5
And there were the other group scenes: the roustabouts on the levee, the singers around the cabins, the groups in the kitchen.
Line 6
Many of these scenes, of course, in modified form may yet be found and songs of their setting are still to be heard, but they do not constitute the most commonly abounding characteristic workaday songs of the present. [41] The phono-photographic record of such a yodel is given in

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cornfield noun US /ˈkɔːrnfiːld/

a field planted with corn

From this reading “Or the morning yodel or “cornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.”

notation noun US /noʊˈteɪʃən/

a technical system of symbols used to represent special things

From this reading “Or the morning yodel or “cornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.”

resound verb US /ˌriːˈsaʊnd/

ring or echo with sound

From this reading “Another picture is vivid: A spring morning, a few Negroes following mule and plow, many chopping cotton to the accompaniment of song, all making rhythm of song, movement, and clink of hoe resound in rare harmony, duly interspersed with shouts and laughter.”

row's noun US /roʊz/

possessive form of “row” — an arrangement of objects or people side by side in a line

unforgettable adjective US /ˌʌnfərˈɡetəbəl/

impossible to forget

From this reading “SONGS OF CONSTRUCTION CAMPS AND GANGS In the old days--and sometimes in more recent years--there were characteristic and unforgettable scenes of groups of Negroes singing in the fields.”

vibrato noun US /viˈbrɑːtoʊ/

(music) a pulsating effect in an instrumental or vocal tone produced by slight and rapid variations in pitch

From this reading “Or the morning yodel or “cornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.”

workaday adjective US /ˈwɜːrkədeɪ/

found in the ordinary course of events

From this reading “Many of these scenes, of course, in modified form may yet be found and songs of their setting are still to be heard, but they do not constitute the most commonly abounding characteristic workaday songs of the present. [41] The phono-photographic record of such a yodel is given in”

yodel noun US /ˈjoʊdəl/

a songlike cry in which the voice fluctuates rapidly between the normal voice and falsetto

From this reading “Or the morning yodel or “cornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

setting sun noun + noun

In this reading “Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.”

CONSTRUCTION CAMPS noun + noun counted as “construction camp”

In this reading “SONGS OF CONSTRUCTION CAMPS AND GANGS In the old days--and sometimes in more recent years--there were characteristic and unforgettable scenes of groups of Negroes singing in the fields.”

interspersed with verb + particle counted as “intersperse with”

In this reading “Another picture is vivid: A spring morning, a few Negroes following mule and plow, many chopping cotton to the accompaniment of song, all making rhythm of song, movement, and clink of hoe resound in rare harmony, duly interspersed with shouts and laughter.”

late afternoon adjective + noun

In this reading “Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.”

of course preposition + noun

as might be expected

In this reading “Many of these scenes, of course, in modified form may yet be found and songs of their setting are still to be heard, but they do not constitute the most commonly abounding characteristic workaday songs of the present. [41] The phono-photographic record of such a yodel is given in”

clink of verb + particle

In this reading “Another picture is vivid: A spring morning, a few Negroes following mule and plow, many chopping cotton to the accompaniment of song, all making rhythm of song, movement, and clink of hoe resound in rare harmony, duly interspersed with shouts and laughter.”

across the hills preposition + article + noun counted as “across … hill”

In this reading “Or the morning yodel or “cornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.”

in the kitchen preposition + article + noun counted as “in … kitchen”

In this reading “And there were the other group scenes: the roustabouts on the levee, the singers around the cabins, the groups in the kitchen.”

All words in this reading · 162

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

41

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Or the morning yodel or “cornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

aboundingadjectiveUS /əˈbaʊndɪŋ/

existing in abundance

From this reading Many of these scenes, of course, in modified form may yet be found and songs of their setting are still to be heard, but they do not constitute the most commonly abounding characteristic workaday songs of the present. [41] The phono-photographic record of such a yodel is given in

accompanimentnounUS /əˈkʌmpnɪmənt/

an event or situation that happens at the same time as or in connection with another

From this reading Another picture is vivid: A spring morning, a few Negroes following mule and plow, many chopping cotton to the accompaniment of song, all making rhythm of song, movement, and clink of hoe resound in rare harmony, duly interspersed with shouts and laughter.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading Or the morning yodel or “cornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.

afternoonnounUS /ˌæftərˈnuːn/

the part of the day between noon and evening

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Another picture is vivid: A spring morning, a few Negroes following mule and plow, many chopping cotton to the accompaniment of song, all making rhythm of song, movement, and clink of hoe resound in rare harmony, duly interspersed with shouts and laughter.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading SONGS OF CONSTRUCTION CAMPS AND GANGS In the old days--and sometimes in more recent years--there were characteristic and unforgettable scenes of groups of Negroes singing in the fields.

AnotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Another picture is vivid: A spring morning, a few Negroes following mule and plow, many chopping cotton to the accompaniment of song, all making rhythm of song, movement, and clink of hoe resound in rare harmony, duly interspersed with shouts and laughter.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Many of these scenes, of course, in modified form may yet be found and songs of their setting are still to be heard, but they do not constitute the most commonly abounding characteristic workaday songs of the present. [41] The phono-photographic record of such a yodel is given in

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading And there were the other group scenes: the roustabouts on the levee, the singers around the cabins, the groups in the kitchen.

banternounUS /ˈbæntər/

light teasing repartee

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

basketsnounUS /ˈbæskəts/

plural of “basket” — a container that is usually woven and has handles

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Many of these scenes, of course, in modified form may yet be found and songs of their setting are still to be heard, but they do not constitute the most commonly abounding characteristic workaday songs of the present. [41] The phono-photographic record of such a yodel is given in

BurdennounUS /ˈbɜːrdən/

an onerous or difficult concern

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Many of these scenes, of course, in modified form may yet be found and songs of their setting are still to be heard, but they do not constitute the most commonly abounding characteristic workaday songs of the present. [41] The phono-photographic record of such a yodel is given in

cabinsnounUS /ˈkæbənz/

plural of “cabin” — small room on a ship or boat where people sleep

From this reading And there were the other group scenes: the roustabouts on the levee, the singers around the cabins, the groups in the kitchen.

CAMPSnounUS /kæmps/

plural of “camp” — temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading SONGS OF CONSTRUCTION CAMPS AND GANGS In the old days--and sometimes in more recent years--there were characteristic and unforgettable scenes of groups of Negroes singing in the fields.

challengeverbUS /ˈtʃæləndʒ/

take exception to

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

characteristicnounUS /ˌkerəktərˈɪstɪk/

a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading SONGS OF CONSTRUCTION CAMPS AND GANGS In the old days--and sometimes in more recent years--there were characteristic and unforgettable scenes of groups of Negroes singing in the fields.

ChariotnounUS /ˈtʃeriət/

a light four-wheel horse-drawn ceremonial carriage

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

cheerfuladjectiveUS /ˈtʃɪrfəl/

being full of or promoting cheer; having or showing good spirits

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

choppingverbUS /ˈtʃɑːpɪŋ/

inflected form of “chop” — cut into pieces

From this reading Another picture is vivid: A spring morning, a few Negroes following mule and plow, many chopping cotton to the accompaniment of song, all making rhythm of song, movement, and clink of hoe resound in rare harmony, duly interspersed with shouts and laughter.

cleanadjectiveUS /kliːn/

free from dirt or impurities; or having clean habits

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

clinkverbUS /klɪŋk/

make a high sound typical of glass

From this reading Another picture is vivid: A spring morning, a few Negroes following mule and plow, many chopping cotton to the accompaniment of song, all making rhythm of song, movement, and clink of hoe resound in rare harmony, duly interspersed with shouts and laughter.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading Or the morning yodel or “cornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.

commonlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːmənli/

under normal conditions

From this reading Many of these scenes, of course, in modified form may yet be found and songs of their setting are still to be heard, but they do not constitute the most commonly abounding characteristic workaday songs of the present. [41] The phono-photographic record of such a yodel is given in

constituteverbUS /ˈkɑːnstətuːt/

form or compose

From this reading Many of these scenes, of course, in modified form may yet be found and songs of their setting are still to be heard, but they do not constitute the most commonly abounding characteristic workaday songs of the present. [41] The phono-photographic record of such a yodel is given in

CONSTRUCTIONnounUS /kənˈstrʌkʃən/

the act of constructing something

From this reading SONGS OF CONSTRUCTION CAMPS AND GANGS In the old days--and sometimes in more recent years--there were characteristic and unforgettable scenes of groups of Negroes singing in the fields.

cornfieldnounUS /ˈkɔːrnfiːld/

a field planted with corn

From this reading Or the morning yodel or “cornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.

cottonnounUS /ˈkɑːtən/

soft silky fibers from cotton plants in their raw state

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading Many of these scenes, of course, in modified form may yet be found and songs of their setting are still to be heard, but they do not constitute the most commonly abounding characteristic workaday songs of the present. [41] The phono-photographic record of such a yodel is given in

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading SONGS OF CONSTRUCTION CAMPS AND GANGS In the old days--and sometimes in more recent years--there were characteristic and unforgettable scenes of groups of Negroes singing in the fields.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Many of these scenes, of course, in modified form may yet be found and songs of their setting are still to be heard, but they do not constitute the most commonly abounding characteristic workaday songs of the present. [41] The phono-photographic record of such a yodel is given in

DownadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

driversnounUS /ˈdraɪvərz/

plural of “driver” — the operator of a motor vehicle

From this reading Or the morning yodel or “cornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.

dulyadverbUS /ˈduːli/

in accordance with what is appropriate or suitable for the circumstances

From this reading Another picture is vivid: A spring morning, a few Negroes following mule and plow, many chopping cotton to the accompaniment of song, all making rhythm of song, movement, and clink of hoe resound in rare harmony, duly interspersed with shouts and laughter.

echoingadjectiveUS /ˈekoʊɪŋ/

(of sounds) repeating by reflection

From this reading Or the morning yodel or “cornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading Or the morning yodel or “cornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

energiesnounUS /ˈenərdʒiz/

plural of “energy” — (physics) a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

Erlong

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

eventidenoun

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

fasteradverbUS /ˈfæstər/

more quickly

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Another picture is vivid: A spring morning, a few Negroes following mule and plow, many chopping cotton to the accompaniment of song, all making rhythm of song, movement, and clink of hoe resound in rare harmony, duly interspersed with shouts and laughter.

fieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

fieldsnounUS /fiːldz/

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading SONGS OF CONSTRUCTION CAMPS AND GANGS In the old days--and sometimes in more recent years--there were characteristic and unforgettable scenes of groups of Negroes singing in the fields.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading Another picture is vivid: A spring morning, a few Negroes following mule and plow, many chopping cotton to the accompaniment of song, all making rhythm of song, movement, and clink of hoe resound in rare harmony, duly interspersed with shouts and laughter.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading Many of these scenes, of course, in modified form may yet be found and songs of their setting are still to be heard, but they do not constitute the most commonly abounding characteristic workaday songs of the present. [41] The phono-photographic record of such a yodel is given in

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Many of these scenes, of course, in modified form may yet be found and songs of their setting are still to be heard, but they do not constitute the most commonly abounding characteristic workaday songs of the present. [41] The phono-photographic record of such a yodel is given in

friendlyadjectiveUS /ˈfrendli/

characteristic of or befitting a friend

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

GANGSnounUS /ɡæŋz/

plural of “gang” — an association of criminals

From this reading SONGS OF CONSTRUCTION CAMPS AND GANGS In the old days--and sometimes in more recent years--there were characteristic and unforgettable scenes of groups of Negroes singing in the fields.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading Many of these scenes, of course, in modified form may yet be found and songs of their setting are still to be heard, but they do not constitute the most commonly abounding characteristic workaday songs of the present. [41] The phono-photographic record of such a yodel is given in

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

groupsnounUS /ɡruːps/

plural of “group” — any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading SONGS OF CONSTRUCTION CAMPS AND GANGS In the old days--and sometimes in more recent years--there were characteristic and unforgettable scenes of groups of Negroes singing in the fields.

harmonynounUS /ˈhɑːrməni/

compatibility in opinion and action

From this reading Another picture is vivid: A spring morning, a few Negroes following mule and plow, many chopping cotton to the accompaniment of song, all making rhythm of song, movement, and clink of hoe resound in rare harmony, duly interspersed with shouts and laughter.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading Many of these scenes, of course, in modified form may yet be found and songs of their setting are still to be heard, but they do not constitute the most commonly abounding characteristic workaday songs of the present. [41] The phono-photographic record of such a yodel is given in

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading Or the morning yodel or “cornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.

hoenounUS /hoʊ/

a tool with a flat blade attached at right angles to a long handle

From this reading Another picture is vivid: A spring morning, a few Negroes following mule and plow, many chopping cotton to the accompaniment of song, all making rhythm of song, movement, and clink of hoe resound in rare harmony, duly interspersed with shouts and laughter.

hollerverbUS /ˈhɑːlər/

shout out

From this reading Or the morning yodel or “cornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading SONGS OF CONSTRUCTION CAMPS AND GANGS In the old days--and sometimes in more recent years--there were characteristic and unforgettable scenes of groups of Negroes singing in the fields.

Inchin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

indescribableadjectiveUS /ˌɪndɪˈskraɪbəbəl/

defying expression or description

From this reading Or the morning yodel or “cornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.

interspersedverbUS /ˌɪntərˈspɜːrst/

past form of “intersperse” — place at intervals in or among

From this reading Another picture is vivid: A spring morning, a few Negroes following mule and plow, many chopping cotton to the accompaniment of song, all making rhythm of song, movement, and clink of hoe resound in rare harmony, duly interspersed with shouts and laughter.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Another picture is vivid: A spring morning, a few Negroes following mule and plow, many chopping cotton to the accompaniment of song, all making rhythm of song, movement, and clink of hoe resound in rare harmony, duly interspersed with shouts and laughter.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Or the morning yodel or “cornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.

joyousadjectiveUS /ˈdʒɔɪəs/

full of or characterized by joy

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

KeepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

kitchennounUS /ˈkɪtʃən/

a room equipped for preparing meals

From this reading And there were the other group scenes: the roustabouts on the levee, the singers around the cabins, the groups in the kitchen.

LaidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

laughternounUS /ˈlæftər/

the sound of laughing

From this reading Another picture is vivid: A spring morning, a few Negroes following mule and plow, many chopping cotton to the accompaniment of song, all making rhythm of song, movement, and clink of hoe resound in rare harmony, duly interspersed with shouts and laughter.

leveenounUS /ˈlevi/

a formal reception of visitors or guests (as at a royal court)

From this reading And there were the other group scenes: the roustabouts on the levee, the singers around the cabins, the groups in the kitchen.

LowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

lumberingnounUS /ˈlʌmbərɪŋ/

the trade of cutting or preparing or selling timber

From this reading Or the morning yodel or “cornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading Another picture is vivid: A spring morning, a few Negroes following mule and plow, many chopping cotton to the accompaniment of song, all making rhythm of song, movement, and clink of hoe resound in rare harmony, duly interspersed with shouts and laughter.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Another picture is vivid: A spring morning, a few Negroes following mule and plow, many chopping cotton to the accompaniment of song, all making rhythm of song, movement, and clink of hoe resound in rare harmony, duly interspersed with shouts and laughter.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Many of these scenes, of course, in modified form may yet be found and songs of their setting are still to be heard, but they do not constitute the most commonly abounding characteristic workaday songs of the present. [41] The phono-photographic record of such a yodel is given in

melancholynounUS /ˈmelənkɑːli/

a feeling of thoughtful sadness

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

millverbUS /mɪl/

move about in a confused manner

From this reading Or the morning yodel or “cornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.

modifiedadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdəfaɪd/

changed in form or character

From this reading Many of these scenes, of course, in modified form may yet be found and songs of their setting are still to be heard, but they do not constitute the most commonly abounding characteristic workaday songs of the present. [41] The phono-photographic record of such a yodel is given in

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading SONGS OF CONSTRUCTION CAMPS AND GANGS In the old days--and sometimes in more recent years--there were characteristic and unforgettable scenes of groups of Negroes singing in the fields.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading Another picture is vivid: A spring morning, a few Negroes following mule and plow, many chopping cotton to the accompaniment of song, all making rhythm of song, movement, and clink of hoe resound in rare harmony, duly interspersed with shouts and laughter.

morningsnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋz/

plural of “morning” — the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading Or the morning yodel or “cornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Many of these scenes, of course, in modified form may yet be found and songs of their setting are still to be heard, but they do not constitute the most commonly abounding characteristic workaday songs of the present. [41] The phono-photographic record of such a yodel is given in

movementnounUS /ˈmuːvmənt/

a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading Another picture is vivid: A spring morning, a few Negroes following mule and plow, many chopping cotton to the accompaniment of song, all making rhythm of song, movement, and clink of hoe resound in rare harmony, duly interspersed with shouts and laughter.

mulenounUS /mjuːl/

hybrid offspring of a male donkey and a female horse; usually sterile

From this reading Another picture is vivid: A spring morning, a few Negroes following mule and plow, many chopping cotton to the accompaniment of song, all making rhythm of song, movement, and clink of hoe resound in rare harmony, duly interspersed with shouts and laughter.

musicaladjectiveUS /ˈmjuːzɪkəl/

characterized by or capable of producing music

From this reading Or the morning yodel or “cornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

NegroesnounUS /ˈniːɡroʊz/

plural of “negro” — a person with African ancestry, "Negro" and "Negroid" are archaic and pejorative today

From this reading SONGS OF CONSTRUCTION CAMPS AND GANGS In the old days--and sometimes in more recent years--there were characteristic and unforgettable scenes of groups of Negroes singing in the fields.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Many of these scenes, of course, in modified form may yet be found and songs of their setting are still to be heard, but they do not constitute the most commonly abounding characteristic workaday songs of the present. [41] The phono-photographic record of such a yodel is given in

notationnounUS /noʊˈteɪʃən/

a technical system of symbols used to represent special things

From this reading Or the morning yodel or “cornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading SONGS OF CONSTRUCTION CAMPS AND GANGS In the old days--and sometimes in more recent years--there were characteristic and unforgettable scenes of groups of Negroes singing in the fields.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading SONGS OF CONSTRUCTION CAMPS AND GANGS In the old days--and sometimes in more recent years--there were characteristic and unforgettable scenes of groups of Negroes singing in the fields.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Or the morning yodel or “cornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.

oo-a-ee-ou

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Or the morning yodel or “cornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading And there were the other group scenes: the roustabouts on the levee, the singers around the cabins, the groups in the kitchen.

penetratingadjectiveUS /ˈpenətreɪtɪŋ/

having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions

From this reading Or the morning yodel or “cornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.

phono-photographic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Many of these scenes, of course, in modified form may yet be found and songs of their setting are still to be heard, but they do not constitute the most commonly abounding characteristic workaday songs of the present. [41] The phono-photographic record of such a yodel is given in

pickedverbUS /pɪkt/

past form of “pick” — select carefully from a group

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

pickingnounUS /ˈpɪkɪŋ/

the quantity of a crop that is harvested

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

picturenounUS /ˈpɪktʃər/

a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

plowverbUS /plaʊ/

to break and turn over earth especially with a plow

From this reading Another picture is vivid: A spring morning, a few Negroes following mule and plow, many chopping cotton to the accompaniment of song, all making rhythm of song, movement, and clink of hoe resound in rare harmony, duly interspersed with shouts and laughter.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Many of these scenes, of course, in modified form may yet be found and songs of their setting are still to be heard, but they do not constitute the most commonly abounding characteristic workaday songs of the present. [41] The phono-photographic record of such a yodel is given in

rareadjectiveUS /rer/

not widely known; especially valued for its uncommonness

From this reading Another picture is vivid: A spring morning, a few Negroes following mule and plow, many chopping cotton to the accompaniment of song, all making rhythm of song, movement, and clink of hoe resound in rare harmony, duly interspersed with shouts and laughter.

recentadjectiveUS /ˈriːsənt/

new

From this reading SONGS OF CONSTRUCTION CAMPS AND GANGS In the old days--and sometimes in more recent years--there were characteristic and unforgettable scenes of groups of Negroes singing in the fields.

recordnounUS /rəˈkɔːrd/

anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events

From this reading Many of these scenes, of course, in modified form may yet be found and songs of their setting are still to be heard, but they do not constitute the most commonly abounding characteristic workaday songs of the present. [41] The phono-photographic record of such a yodel is given in

resoundverbUS /ˌriːˈsaʊnd/

ring or echo with sound

From this reading Another picture is vivid: A spring morning, a few Negroes following mule and plow, many chopping cotton to the accompaniment of song, all making rhythm of song, movement, and clink of hoe resound in rare harmony, duly interspersed with shouts and laughter.

revivingadjectiveUS /rɪˈvaɪvɪŋ/

tending to impart new life and vigor to

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

rhythmnounUS /ˈrɪðəm/

the basic rhythmic unit in a piece of music

From this reading Another picture is vivid: A spring morning, a few Negroes following mule and plow, many chopping cotton to the accompaniment of song, all making rhythm of song, movement, and clink of hoe resound in rare harmony, duly interspersed with shouts and laughter.

rivalrynounUS /ˈraɪvəlri/

the act of competing as for profit or a prize

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

roustabouts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And there were the other group scenes: the roustabouts on the levee, the singers around the cabins, the groups in the kitchen.

row'snounUS /roʊz/

possessive form of “row” — an arrangement of objects or people side by side in a line

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

rowsnounUS /roʊz/

plural of “row” — an arrangement of objects or people side by side in a line

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

sacksnounUS /sæks/

plural of “sack” — a bag made of paper or plastic for holding customer's purchases

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

scenesnounUS /siːnz/

plural of “scene” — the place where some action occurs

From this reading SONGS OF CONSTRUCTION CAMPS AND GANGS In the old days--and sometimes in more recent years--there were characteristic and unforgettable scenes of groups of Negroes singing in the fields.

settingnounUS /ˈsetɪŋ/

the context and environment in which something is set

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

shoutsnounUS /ʃaʊts/

plural of “shout” — a loud utterance; often in protest or opposition

From this reading Another picture is vivid: A spring morning, a few Negroes following mule and plow, many chopping cotton to the accompaniment of song, all making rhythm of song, movement, and clink of hoe resound in rare harmony, duly interspersed with shouts and laughter.

SinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

singersnounUS /ˈsɪŋərz/

plural of “singer” — a person who sings

From this reading And there were the other group scenes: the roustabouts on the levee, the singers around the cabins, the groups in the kitchen.

singingnounUS /ˈsɪŋɪŋ/

the act of singing vocal music

From this reading SONGS OF CONSTRUCTION CAMPS AND GANGS In the old days--and sometimes in more recent years--there were characteristic and unforgettable scenes of groups of Negroes singing in the fields.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading SONGS OF CONSTRUCTION CAMPS AND GANGS In the old days--and sometimes in more recent years--there were characteristic and unforgettable scenes of groups of Negroes singing in the fields.

songnounUS /sɔːŋ/

a short musical composition with words

From this reading Another picture is vivid: A spring morning, a few Negroes following mule and plow, many chopping cotton to the accompaniment of song, all making rhythm of song, movement, and clink of hoe resound in rare harmony, duly interspersed with shouts and laughter.

SONGSnounUS /sɔːŋz/

plural of “song” — a short musical composition with words

From this reading SONGS OF CONSTRUCTION CAMPS AND GANGS In the old days--and sometimes in more recent years--there were characteristic and unforgettable scenes of groups of Negroes singing in the fields.

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading Or the morning yodel or “cornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading Another picture is vivid: A spring morning, a few Negroes following mule and plow, many chopping cotton to the accompaniment of song, all making rhythm of song, movement, and clink of hoe resound in rare harmony, duly interspersed with shouts and laughter.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Many of these scenes, of course, in modified form may yet be found and songs of their setting are still to be heard, but they do not constitute the most commonly abounding characteristic workaday songs of the present. [41] The phono-photographic record of such a yodel is given in

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Many of these scenes, of course, in modified form may yet be found and songs of their setting are still to be heard, but they do not constitute the most commonly abounding characteristic workaday songs of the present. [41] The phono-photographic record of such a yodel is given in

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

SweetadjectiveUS /swiːt/

having or denoting the characteristic taste of sugar

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

SwingverbUS /swɪŋ/

move in a curve or arc, usually with the intent of hitting

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading SONGS OF CONSTRUCTION CAMPS AND GANGS In the old days--and sometimes in more recent years--there were characteristic and unforgettable scenes of groups of Negroes singing in the fields.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Many of these scenes, of course, in modified form may yet be found and songs of their setting are still to be heard, but they do not constitute the most commonly abounding characteristic workaday songs of the present. [41] The phono-photographic record of such a yodel is given in

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading SONGS OF CONSTRUCTION CAMPS AND GANGS In the old days--and sometimes in more recent years--there were characteristic and unforgettable scenes of groups of Negroes singing in the fields.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Many of these scenes, of course, in modified form may yet be found and songs of their setting are still to be heard, but they do not constitute the most commonly abounding characteristic workaday songs of the present. [41] The phono-photographic record of such a yodel is given in

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Many of these scenes, of course, in modified form may yet be found and songs of their setting are still to be heard, but they do not constitute the most commonly abounding characteristic workaday songs of the present. [41] The phono-photographic record of such a yodel is given in

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

tingenounUS /tɪndʒ/

a slight but appreciable amount

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

unforgettableadjectiveUS /ˌʌnfərˈɡetəbəl/

impossible to forget

From this reading SONGS OF CONSTRUCTION CAMPS AND GANGS In the old days--and sometimes in more recent years--there were characteristic and unforgettable scenes of groups of Negroes singing in the fields.

vibratonounUS /viˈbrɑːtoʊ/

(music) a pulsating effect in an instrumental or vocal tone produced by slight and rapid variations in pitch

From this reading Or the morning yodel or “cornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.

vividadjectiveUS /ˈvɪvəd/

evoking lifelike images within the mind

From this reading Another picture is vivid: A spring morning, a few Negroes following mule and plow, many chopping cotton to the accompaniment of song, all making rhythm of song, movement, and clink of hoe resound in rare harmony, duly interspersed with shouts and laughter.

wagonsnounUS /ˈwæɡənz/

plural of “wagon” — any of various kinds of wheeled vehicles drawn by an animal or a tractor

From this reading Or the morning yodel or “cornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Or the morning yodel or “cornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.

weighingnounUS /ˈweɪɪŋ/

careful consideration

From this reading Here was a picture of late afternoon in the cotton field, the friendly setting sun a challenge to reviving energies; rows of cotton clean picked, rivalry and cheerful banter, faster picking to the row’s end, sacks and baskets full for weighing time; group singing, now joyous, then the melancholy tinge of eventide, _Swing Low, Sweet Chariot_, _Since I Laid My Burden Down_ or _Keep Inchin’ Erlong_.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading SONGS OF CONSTRUCTION CAMPS AND GANGS In the old days--and sometimes in more recent years--there were characteristic and unforgettable scenes of groups of Negroes singing in the fields.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Another picture is vivid: A spring morning, a few Negroes following mule and plow, many chopping cotton to the accompaniment of song, all making rhythm of song, movement, and clink of hoe resound in rare harmony, duly interspersed with shouts and laughter.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading Or the morning yodel or “cornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.

workadayadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːrkədeɪ/

found in the ordinary course of events

From this reading Many of these scenes, of course, in modified form may yet be found and songs of their setting are still to be heard, but they do not constitute the most commonly abounding characteristic workaday songs of the present. [41] The phono-photographic record of such a yodel is given in

workersnounUS /ˈwɜːrkərz/

plural of “worker” — a person who works at a specific occupation

From this reading Or the morning yodel or “cornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.

Ya-a-ee-ah

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Or the morning yodel or “cornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading SONGS OF CONSTRUCTION CAMPS AND GANGS In the old days--and sometimes in more recent years--there were characteristic and unforgettable scenes of groups of Negroes singing in the fields.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Many of these scenes, of course, in modified form may yet be found and songs of their setting are still to be heard, but they do not constitute the most commonly abounding characteristic workaday songs of the present. [41] The phono-photographic record of such a yodel is given in

yodelnounUS /ˈjoʊdəl/

a songlike cry in which the voice fluctuates rapidly between the normal voice and falsetto

From this reading Or the morning yodel or “cornfield holler,” with its penetrating vibrato, _Ya-a-ee-ah--oo-a-ee-ou_--indescribable either in words, sound, or musical notation.[41] Or wagons lumbering on cold mornings, drivers and workers on the way to field or mill, songs echoing across the hills.

Chapter 6 of Negro workaday songs by Howard Washington Odum holds 6 sentences, grouped into 2 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of Negro workaday songs contain?

Chapter 6 holds 6 sentences of Negro workaday songs, unabridged, divided into 2 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of Negro workaday songs by Howard Washington Odum exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 6 sentences, grouped into 2 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of Negro workaday songs?

Work through the 2 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 2 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Negro workaday songs

Common questions about reading Negro workaday songs by Howard Washington Odum on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Negro workaday songs?

Yes. All 3471 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #69378 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Negro workaday songs is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #69378, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Negro workaday songs take to read?

About 289 minutes of reading across 695 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Negro workaday songs section by section

How to work through Negro workaday songs section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of Negro workaday songs to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Negro workaday songs

Words and structures a reader meets early in Negro workaday songs, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Printed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Negro workaday songs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Italics
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Negro workaday songs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Source
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Negro workaday songs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Document
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Negro workaday songs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.