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Negro workaday songs
Negro workaday songs

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Negro workaday songs is here in full — 268 sentences across 54 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Negro workaday songs
Context Illustration Reading 1/53 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
FOLK MINSTREL TYPES One of the most interesting of all the Negro’s secular songs is the folk minstrel type.
This minstrel song is similar to the original minstrel, in which one or more wandering musicians and songsters travel from place to place rendering song and music with varied accompaniments.
Sometimes one singer goes alone, sometimes two, sometimes a quartette.
They are entertainers in the real sense that they exhibit themselves and their art with all the naturalness and spontaneity possible.
Furthermore, such minstrels are not infrequently ingenious in composing new verses and adapting them to old tunes or to newly discovered ones.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Negro workaday songs

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Negro workaday songs is here in full — 268 sentences across 54 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/53 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
FOLK MINSTREL TYPES One of the most interesting of all the Negro’s secular songs is the folk minstrel type.
Line 2
This minstrel song is similar to the original minstrel, in which one or more wandering musicians and songsters travel from place to place rendering song and music with varied accompaniments.
Line 3
Sometimes one singer goes alone, sometimes two, sometimes a quartette.
Line 4
They are entertainers in the real sense that they exhibit themselves and their art with all the naturalness and spontaneity possible.
Line 5
Furthermore, such minstrels are not infrequently ingenious in composing new verses and adapting them to old tunes or to newly discovered ones.
/ˈfɜːrðərmɔːr sʌtʃ ˈmɪnstrəlz ɑːr nɑːt ˌɪnˈfriːkwəntli ɪnˈdʒiː.ni.əs ɪn kəmˈpoʊzɪŋ nuː ˈvɜːrsəz ənd əˈdæptɪŋ ðem tuː oʊld tuːnz ɔːr tuː ˈnuːli dɪˈskʌvərd wʌnz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accompaniments noun US /əˈkʌmpnɪmənts/

plural of “accompaniment” — an event or situation that happens at the same time as or in connection with another

From this reading “This minstrel song is similar to the original minstrel, in which one or more wandering musicians and songsters travel from place to place rendering song and music with varied accompaniments.”

adapting verb US /əˈdæptɪŋ/

-ing form of “adapt” — make fit for, or change to suit a new purpose

From this reading “Furthermore, such minstrels are not infrequently ingenious in composing new verses and adapting them to old tunes or to newly discovered ones.”

composing noun US /kəmˈpoʊzɪŋ/

the spatial property resulting from the arrangement of parts in relation to each other and to the whole

From this reading “Furthermore, such minstrels are not infrequently ingenious in composing new verses and adapting them to old tunes or to newly discovered ones.”

entertainers noun US /ˌentərˈteɪnərz/

plural of “entertainer” — a person who tries to please or amuse

From this reading “They are entertainers in the real sense that they exhibit themselves and their art with all the naturalness and spontaneity possible.”

infrequently adverb US /ˌɪnˈfriːkwəntli/

not many times

From this reading “Furthermore, such minstrels are not infrequently ingenious in composing new verses and adapting them to old tunes or to newly discovered ones.”

minstrels noun US /ˈmɪnstrəlz/

plural of “minstrel” — a singer of folk songs

From this reading “Furthermore, such minstrels are not infrequently ingenious in composing new verses and adapting them to old tunes or to newly discovered ones.”

secular adjective US /ˈsekjələr/

of or relating to the doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations

From this reading “FOLK MINSTREL TYPES One of the most interesting of all the Negro’s secular songs is the folk minstrel type.”

spontaneity noun US /ˌspɑːntəˈniːəti/

the quality of being spontaneous and coming from natural feelings without constraint

From this reading “They are entertainers in the real sense that they exhibit themselves and their art with all the naturalness and spontaneity possible.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

newly discovered adverb + adjective

In this reading “Furthermore, such minstrels are not infrequently ingenious in composing new verses and adapting them to old tunes or to newly discovered ones.”

most interesting adverb + adjective

In this reading “FOLK MINSTREL TYPES One of the most interesting of all the Negro’s secular songs is the folk minstrel type.”

old tunes adjective + noun counted as “old tune”

In this reading “Furthermore, such minstrels are not infrequently ingenious in composing new verses and adapting them to old tunes or to newly discovered ones.”

goes alone verb + adjective counted as “go alone”

In this reading “Sometimes one singer goes alone, sometimes two, sometimes a quartette.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Sometimes one singer goes alone, sometimes two, sometimes a quartette.

accompanimentsnounUS /əˈkʌmpnɪmənts/

plural of “accompaniment” — an event or situation that happens at the same time as or in connection with another

From this reading This minstrel song is similar to the original minstrel, in which one or more wandering musicians and songsters travel from place to place rendering song and music with varied accompaniments.

adaptingverbUS /əˈdæptɪŋ/

-ing form of “adapt” — make fit for, or change to suit a new purpose

From this reading Furthermore, such minstrels are not infrequently ingenious in composing new verses and adapting them to old tunes or to newly discovered ones.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading FOLK MINSTREL TYPES One of the most interesting of all the Negro’s secular songs is the folk minstrel type.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading Sometimes one singer goes alone, sometimes two, sometimes a quartette.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading This minstrel song is similar to the original minstrel, in which one or more wandering musicians and songsters travel from place to place rendering song and music with varied accompaniments.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They are entertainers in the real sense that they exhibit themselves and their art with all the naturalness and spontaneity possible.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading They are entertainers in the real sense that they exhibit themselves and their art with all the naturalness and spontaneity possible.

composingnounUS /kəmˈpoʊzɪŋ/

the spatial property resulting from the arrangement of parts in relation to each other and to the whole

From this reading Furthermore, such minstrels are not infrequently ingenious in composing new verses and adapting them to old tunes or to newly discovered ones.

discoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading Furthermore, such minstrels are not infrequently ingenious in composing new verses and adapting them to old tunes or to newly discovered ones.

entertainersnounUS /ˌentərˈteɪnərz/

plural of “entertainer” — a person who tries to please or amuse

From this reading They are entertainers in the real sense that they exhibit themselves and their art with all the naturalness and spontaneity possible.

exhibitverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/

show an attribute, property, knowledge, or skill

From this reading They are entertainers in the real sense that they exhibit themselves and their art with all the naturalness and spontaneity possible.

FOLKnounUS /foʊk/

people in general (often used in the plural)

From this reading FOLK MINSTREL TYPES One of the most interesting of all the Negro’s secular songs is the folk minstrel type.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading This minstrel song is similar to the original minstrel, in which one or more wandering musicians and songsters travel from place to place rendering song and music with varied accompaniments.

FurthermoreadverbUS /ˈfɜːrðərmɔːr/

in addition

From this reading Furthermore, such minstrels are not infrequently ingenious in composing new verses and adapting them to old tunes or to newly discovered ones.

goesnounUS /ɡoʊz/

plural of “go” — a time period for working (after which you will be relieved by someone else)

From this reading Sometimes one singer goes alone, sometimes two, sometimes a quartette.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading This minstrel song is similar to the original minstrel, in which one or more wandering musicians and songsters travel from place to place rendering song and music with varied accompaniments.

infrequentlyadverbUS /ˌɪnˈfriːkwəntli/

not many times

From this reading Furthermore, such minstrels are not infrequently ingenious in composing new verses and adapting them to old tunes or to newly discovered ones.

ingeniousadjectiveUS /ɪnˈdʒiː.ni.əs/

Clever, original, and remarkably inventive in design and execution.

From this reading Furthermore, such minstrels are not infrequently ingenious in composing new verses and adapting them to old tunes or to newly discovered ones.

interestingadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/

arousing or holding the attention

From this reading FOLK MINSTREL TYPES One of the most interesting of all the Negro’s secular songs is the folk minstrel type.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading FOLK MINSTREL TYPES One of the most interesting of all the Negro’s secular songs is the folk minstrel type.

MINSTRELnounUS /ˈmɪnstrəl/

a singer of folk songs

From this reading FOLK MINSTREL TYPES One of the most interesting of all the Negro’s secular songs is the folk minstrel type.

minstrelsnounUS /ˈmɪnstrəlz/

plural of “minstrel” — a singer of folk songs

From this reading Furthermore, such minstrels are not infrequently ingenious in composing new verses and adapting them to old tunes or to newly discovered ones.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading This minstrel song is similar to the original minstrel, in which one or more wandering musicians and songsters travel from place to place rendering song and music with varied accompaniments.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading FOLK MINSTREL TYPES One of the most interesting of all the Negro’s secular songs is the folk minstrel type.

musicnounUS /ˈmjuːzɪk/

an artistic form of auditory communication incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner

From this reading This minstrel song is similar to the original minstrel, in which one or more wandering musicians and songsters travel from place to place rendering song and music with varied accompaniments.

musiciansnounUS /mjuːˈzɪʃənz/

plural of “musician” — someone who plays a musical instrument (as a profession)

From this reading This minstrel song is similar to the original minstrel, in which one or more wandering musicians and songsters travel from place to place rendering song and music with varied accompaniments.

naturalnessnoun

the quality of being natural or based on natural principles

From this reading They are entertainers in the real sense that they exhibit themselves and their art with all the naturalness and spontaneity possible.

Negro's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FOLK MINSTREL TYPES One of the most interesting of all the Negro’s secular songs is the folk minstrel type.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Furthermore, such minstrels are not infrequently ingenious in composing new verses and adapting them to old tunes or to newly discovered ones.

newlyadverbUS /ˈnuːli/

very recently

From this reading Furthermore, such minstrels are not infrequently ingenious in composing new verses and adapting them to old tunes or to newly discovered ones.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Furthermore, such minstrels are not infrequently ingenious in composing new verses and adapting them to old tunes or to newly discovered ones.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading FOLK MINSTREL TYPES One of the most interesting of all the Negro’s secular songs is the folk minstrel type.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Furthermore, such minstrels are not infrequently ingenious in composing new verses and adapting them to old tunes or to newly discovered ones.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading FOLK MINSTREL TYPES One of the most interesting of all the Negro’s secular songs is the folk minstrel type.

onesnounUS /wʌnz/

plural of “one” — the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Furthermore, such minstrels are not infrequently ingenious in composing new verses and adapting them to old tunes or to newly discovered ones.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading This minstrel song is similar to the original minstrel, in which one or more wandering musicians and songsters travel from place to place rendering song and music with varied accompaniments.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading This minstrel song is similar to the original minstrel, in which one or more wandering musicians and songsters travel from place to place rendering song and music with varied accompaniments.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading This minstrel song is similar to the original minstrel, in which one or more wandering musicians and songsters travel from place to place rendering song and music with varied accompaniments.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading They are entertainers in the real sense that they exhibit themselves and their art with all the naturalness and spontaneity possible.

quartettenoun

four performers or singers who perform together

From this reading Sometimes one singer goes alone, sometimes two, sometimes a quartette.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading They are entertainers in the real sense that they exhibit themselves and their art with all the naturalness and spontaneity possible.

renderingnounUS /ˈrendərɪŋ/

a performance of a musical composition or a dramatic role etc.

From this reading This minstrel song is similar to the original minstrel, in which one or more wandering musicians and songsters travel from place to place rendering song and music with varied accompaniments.

secularadjectiveUS /ˈsekjələr/

of or relating to the doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations

From this reading FOLK MINSTREL TYPES One of the most interesting of all the Negro’s secular songs is the folk minstrel type.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading They are entertainers in the real sense that they exhibit themselves and their art with all the naturalness and spontaneity possible.

similaradjectiveUS /ˈsɪmələr/

marked by correspondence or resemblance

From this reading This minstrel song is similar to the original minstrel, in which one or more wandering musicians and songsters travel from place to place rendering song and music with varied accompaniments.

singernounUS /ˈsɪŋər/

a person who sings

From this reading Sometimes one singer goes alone, sometimes two, sometimes a quartette.

SometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading Sometimes one singer goes alone, sometimes two, sometimes a quartette.

songnounUS /sɔːŋ/

a short musical composition with words

From this reading This minstrel song is similar to the original minstrel, in which one or more wandering musicians and songsters travel from place to place rendering song and music with varied accompaniments.

songsnounUS /sɔːŋz/

plural of “song” — a short musical composition with words

From this reading FOLK MINSTREL TYPES One of the most interesting of all the Negro’s secular songs is the folk minstrel type.

songsters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This minstrel song is similar to the original minstrel, in which one or more wandering musicians and songsters travel from place to place rendering song and music with varied accompaniments.

spontaneitynounUS /ˌspɑːntəˈniːəti/

the quality of being spontaneous and coming from natural feelings without constraint

From this reading They are entertainers in the real sense that they exhibit themselves and their art with all the naturalness and spontaneity possible.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Furthermore, such minstrels are not infrequently ingenious in composing new verses and adapting them to old tunes or to newly discovered ones.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading They are entertainers in the real sense that they exhibit themselves and their art with all the naturalness and spontaneity possible.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading FOLK MINSTREL TYPES One of the most interesting of all the Negro’s secular songs is the folk minstrel type.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading They are entertainers in the real sense that they exhibit themselves and their art with all the naturalness and spontaneity possible.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Furthermore, such minstrels are not infrequently ingenious in composing new verses and adapting them to old tunes or to newly discovered ones.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading They are entertainers in the real sense that they exhibit themselves and their art with all the naturalness and spontaneity possible.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They are entertainers in the real sense that they exhibit themselves and their art with all the naturalness and spontaneity possible.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This minstrel song is similar to the original minstrel, in which one or more wandering musicians and songsters travel from place to place rendering song and music with varied accompaniments.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading This minstrel song is similar to the original minstrel, in which one or more wandering musicians and songsters travel from place to place rendering song and music with varied accompaniments.

travelverbUS /ˈtrævəl/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading This minstrel song is similar to the original minstrel, in which one or more wandering musicians and songsters travel from place to place rendering song and music with varied accompaniments.

tunesnounUS /tuːnz/

plural of “tune” — a succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence

From this reading Furthermore, such minstrels are not infrequently ingenious in composing new verses and adapting them to old tunes or to newly discovered ones.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Sometimes one singer goes alone, sometimes two, sometimes a quartette.

typenounUS /taɪp/

a subdivision of a particular kind of thing

From this reading FOLK MINSTREL TYPES One of the most interesting of all the Negro’s secular songs is the folk minstrel type.

TYPESnounUS /taɪps/

plural of “type” — a subdivision of a particular kind of thing

From this reading FOLK MINSTREL TYPES One of the most interesting of all the Negro’s secular songs is the folk minstrel type.

variedadjectiveUS /ˈverid/

characterized by variety

From this reading This minstrel song is similar to the original minstrel, in which one or more wandering musicians and songsters travel from place to place rendering song and music with varied accompaniments.

versesnounUS /ˈvɜːrsəz/

plural of “verse” — literature in metrical form

From this reading Furthermore, such minstrels are not infrequently ingenious in composing new verses and adapting them to old tunes or to newly discovered ones.

wanderingadjectiveUS /ˈwɑːndərɪŋ/

migratory

From this reading This minstrel song is similar to the original minstrel, in which one or more wandering musicians and songsters travel from place to place rendering song and music with varied accompaniments.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading This minstrel song is similar to the original minstrel, in which one or more wandering musicians and songsters travel from place to place rendering song and music with varied accompaniments.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading This minstrel song is similar to the original minstrel, in which one or more wandering musicians and songsters travel from place to place rendering song and music with varied accompaniments.

Chapter 12 of Negro workaday songs by Howard Washington Odum holds 268 sentences, grouped into 54 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Negro workaday songs contain?

Chapter 12 holds 268 sentences of Negro workaday songs, unabridged, divided into 54 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Negro workaday songs by Howard Washington Odum exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 268 sentences, grouped into 54 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Negro workaday songs?

Work through the 54 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 54 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Negro workaday songs

Common questions about reading Negro workaday songs by Howard Washington Odum on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Negro workaday songs?

Yes. All 3471 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #69378 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Negro workaday songs is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #69378, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Negro workaday songs take to read?

About 289 minutes of reading across 695 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Negro workaday songs section by section

How to work through Negro workaday songs section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Negro workaday songs

Words and structures a reader meets early in Negro workaday songs, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

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Italics
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Source
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