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Negro workaday songs
Negro workaday songs

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of Negro workaday songs is here in full — 207 sentences across 42 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Negro workaday songs
Context Illustration Reading 1/41 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE ANNALS AND BLUES OF LEFT WING GORDON Here is a construction camp which employs largely Negro workers.
In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.
This camp employed men from different Southern states in the order named: North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana; while stragglers represented eleven states outside the South.
Why this turnover?
Why do men travel from state to state?
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Negro workaday songs

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of Negro workaday songs is here in full — 207 sentences across 42 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/41 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE ANNALS AND BLUES OF LEFT WING GORDON Here is a construction camp which employs largely Negro workers.
Line 2
In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.
Line 3
This camp employed men from different Southern states in the order named: North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana; while stragglers represented eleven states outside the South.
/ðɪs kæmp emˈplɔɪd men frʌm ˈdɪfərənt ˈsʌðərn steɪts ɪn ðə ˈɔːrdər neɪmd nɔːrθ ˌkerəˈlaɪnə saʊθ ˌkerəˈlaɪnə vərˈdʒɪnjə ˌtenəˈsiː ˈdʒɔːrdʒə ˈflɔːrədə ˌæləˈbæmə ˈteksəs ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi luːˌiːziˈænə waɪl ˈstræɡlərz ˌreprɪˈzentɪd ɪˈlevən steɪts ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə saʊθ/
Line 4
Why this turnover?
/waɪ ðɪs ˈtɜːrnoʊvər/
Line 5
Why do men travel from state to state?
/waɪ duː men ˈtrævəl frʌm steɪt tuː steɪt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Alabama noun US /ˌæləˈbæmə/

a state in the southeastern United States on the Gulf of Mexico; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War

From this reading “This camp employed men from different Southern states in the order named: North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana; while stragglers represented eleven states outside the South.”

blues noun US /bluːz/

a type of folksong that originated among Black Americans at the beginning of the 20th century; has a melancholy sound from repeated use of blue notes

From this reading “THE ANNALS AND BLUES OF LEFT WING GORDON Here is a construction camp which employs largely Negro workers.”

employs noun US /emˈplɔɪz/

plural of “employ” — the state of being employed or having a job

From this reading “THE ANNALS AND BLUES OF LEFT WING GORDON Here is a construction camp which employs largely Negro workers.”

laborers noun US /ˈleɪbərərz/

plural of “laborer” — someone who works with their hands; someone engaged in manual labor

From this reading “In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.”

Louisiana noun US /luːˌiːziˈænə/

a state in southern United States on the Gulf of Mexico; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War

From this reading “This camp employed men from different Southern states in the order named: North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana; while stragglers represented eleven states outside the South.”

stragglers noun US /ˈstræɡlərz/

plural of “straggler” — someone who strays or falls behind

From this reading “This camp employed men from different Southern states in the order named: North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana; while stragglers represented eleven states outside the South.”

Tennessee noun US /ˌtenəˈsiː/

a state in east central United States

From this reading “This camp employed men from different Southern states in the order named: North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana; while stragglers represented eleven states outside the South.”

turnover noun US /ˈtɜːrnoʊvər/

the ratio of the number of workers that had to be replaced in a given time period to the average number of workers

From this reading “In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

construction camp noun + noun

In this reading “THE ANNALS AND BLUES OF LEFT WING GORDON Here is a construction camp which employs largely Negro workers.”

four years noun + noun

In this reading “In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.”

LEFT WING noun + noun

those who support varying degrees of social or political or economic change designed to promote the public welfare

In this reading “THE ANNALS AND BLUES OF LEFT WING GORDON Here is a construction camp which employs largely Negro workers.”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

8,504

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE ANNALS AND BLUES OF LEFT WING GORDON Here is a construction camp which employs largely Negro workers.

AlabamanounUS /ˌæləˈbæmə/

a state in the southeastern United States on the Gulf of Mexico; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War

From this reading This camp employed men from different Southern states in the order named: North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana; while stragglers represented eleven states outside the South.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE ANNALS AND BLUES OF LEFT WING GORDON Here is a construction camp which employs largely Negro workers.

ANNALSnounUS /ˈænəlz/

reports of the work of a society or learned body etc

From this reading THE ANNALS AND BLUES OF LEFT WING GORDON Here is a construction camp which employs largely Negro workers.

averageadjectiveUS /ˈævərɪdʒ/

approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value

From this reading In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.

BLUESnounUS /bluːz/

a type of folksong that originated among Black Americans at the beginning of the 20th century; has a melancholy sound from repeated use of blue notes

From this reading THE ANNALS AND BLUES OF LEFT WING GORDON Here is a construction camp which employs largely Negro workers.

buildingsnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋz/

plural of “building” — a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.

campnounUS /kæmp/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading THE ANNALS AND BLUES OF LEFT WING GORDON Here is a construction camp which employs largely Negro workers.

CarolinanounUS /ˌkerəˈlaɪnə/

the area of the states of North Carolina and South Carolina

From this reading This camp employed men from different Southern states in the order named: North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana; while stragglers represented eleven states outside the South.

constructionnounUS /kənˈstrʌkʃən/

the act of constructing something

From this reading THE ANNALS AND BLUES OF LEFT WING GORDON Here is a construction camp which employs largely Negro workers.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Why do men travel from state to state?

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.

elevenadjectiveUS /ɪˈlevən/

being one more than ten

From this reading This camp employed men from different Southern states in the order named: North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana; while stragglers represented eleven states outside the South.

employedadjectiveUS /emˈplɔɪd/

having your services engaged for; or having a job especially one that pays wages or a salary

From this reading In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.

employsnounUS /emˈplɔɪz/

plural of “employ” — the state of being employed or having a job

From this reading THE ANNALS AND BLUES OF LEFT WING GORDON Here is a construction camp which employs largely Negro workers.

FloridanounUS /ˈflɔːrədə/

a state in southeastern United States between the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War

From this reading This camp employed men from different Southern states in the order named: North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana; while stragglers represented eleven states outside the South.

forty-eightadjective

being eight more than forty

From this reading In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading This camp employed men from different Southern states in the order named: North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana; while stragglers represented eleven states outside the South.

GeorgianounUS /ˈdʒɔːrdʒə/

a state in southeastern United States; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War

From this reading This camp employed men from different Southern states in the order named: North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana; while stragglers represented eleven states outside the South.

GORDON

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE ANNALS AND BLUES OF LEFT WING GORDON Here is a construction camp which employs largely Negro workers.

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading THE ANNALS AND BLUES OF LEFT WING GORDON Here is a construction camp which employs largely Negro workers.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE ANNALS AND BLUES OF LEFT WING GORDON Here is a construction camp which employs largely Negro workers.

labornounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.

laborersnounUS /ˈleɪbərərz/

plural of “laborer” — someone who works with their hands; someone engaged in manual labor

From this reading In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.

largelyadverbUS /ˈlɑːrdʒli/

in large part; mainly or chiefly

From this reading THE ANNALS AND BLUES OF LEFT WING GORDON Here is a construction camp which employs largely Negro workers.

LEFTnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading THE ANNALS AND BLUES OF LEFT WING GORDON Here is a construction camp which employs largely Negro workers.

LouisiananounUS /luːˌiːziˈænə/

a state in southern United States on the Gulf of Mexico; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War

From this reading This camp employed men from different Southern states in the order named: North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana; while stragglers represented eleven states outside the South.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.

MississippinounUS /ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi/

a major North American river and the chief river of the United States; rises in northern Minnesota and flows southward into the Gulf of Mexico

From this reading This camp employed men from different Southern states in the order named: North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana; while stragglers represented eleven states outside the South.

monthnounUS /mʌnθ/

one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading This camp employed men from different Southern states in the order named: North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana; while stragglers represented eleven states outside the South.

NegronounUS /ˈniːɡroʊ/

a person with African ancestry, "Negro" and "Negroid" are archaic and pejorative today

From this reading THE ANNALS AND BLUES OF LEFT WING GORDON Here is a construction camp which employs largely Negro workers.

NorthnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading This camp employed men from different Southern states in the order named: North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana; while stragglers represented eleven states outside the South.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE ANNALS AND BLUES OF LEFT WING GORDON Here is a construction camp which employs largely Negro workers.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading This camp employed men from different Southern states in the order named: North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana; while stragglers represented eleven states outside the South.

outsideadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading This camp employed men from different Southern states in the order named: North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana; while stragglers represented eleven states outside the South.

representedadjectiveUS /ˌreprɪˈzentɪd/

represented accurately or precisely

From this reading This camp employed men from different Southern states in the order named: North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana; while stragglers represented eleven states outside the South.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.

setsnounUS /sets/

plural of “set” — a group of things of the same kind that belong together and are so used

From this reading In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.

SouthnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading This camp employed men from different Southern states in the order named: North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana; while stragglers represented eleven states outside the South.

SouthernadjectiveUS /ˈsʌðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading This camp employed men from different Southern states in the order named: North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana; while stragglers represented eleven states outside the South.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Why do men travel from state to state?

statesnounUS /steɪts/

plural of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading This camp employed men from different Southern states in the order named: North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana; while stragglers represented eleven states outside the South.

stragglersnounUS /ˈstræɡlərz/

plural of “straggler” — someone who strays or falls behind

From this reading This camp employed men from different Southern states in the order named: North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana; while stragglers represented eleven states outside the South.

TennesseenounUS /ˌtenəˈsiː/

a state in east central United States

From this reading This camp employed men from different Southern states in the order named: North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana; while stragglers represented eleven states outside the South.

TexasnounUS /ˈteksəs/

the second largest state; located in southwestern United States on the Gulf of Mexico

From this reading This camp employed men from different Southern states in the order named: North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana; while stragglers represented eleven states outside the South.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE ANNALS AND BLUES OF LEFT WING GORDON Here is a construction camp which employs largely Negro workers.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This camp employed men from different Southern states in the order named: North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana; while stragglers represented eleven states outside the South.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Why do men travel from state to state?

travelverbUS /ˈtrævəl/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Why do men travel from state to state?

turnovernounUS /ˈtɜːrnoʊvər/

the ratio of the number of workers that had to be replaced in a given time period to the average number of workers

From this reading In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.

VirginianounUS /vərˈdʒɪnjə/

a state in the eastern United States; one of the original 13 colonies; one of the Confederate States in the American Civil War

From this reading This camp employed men from different Southern states in the order named: North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana; while stragglers represented eleven states outside the South.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading THE ANNALS AND BLUES OF LEFT WING GORDON Here is a construction camp which employs largely Negro workers.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading This camp employed men from different Southern states in the order named: North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana; while stragglers represented eleven states outside the South.

WhynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading Why this turnover?

WINGnounUS /wɪŋ/

a movable organ for flying (one of a pair)

From this reading THE ANNALS AND BLUES OF LEFT WING GORDON Here is a construction camp which employs largely Negro workers.

workersnounUS /ˈwɜːrkərz/

plural of “worker” — a person who works at a specific occupation

From this reading THE ANNALS AND BLUES OF LEFT WING GORDON Here is a construction camp which employs largely Negro workers.

workingadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːrkɪŋ/

actively engaged in paid work

From this reading In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading In four years 8,504 laborers were employed and there was an average labor turnover of once each month, or forty-eight different sets of men working on the buildings and road under construction during that time.

Chapter 14 of Negro workaday songs by Howard Washington Odum holds 207 sentences, grouped into 42 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 14 of Negro workaday songs contain?

Chapter 14 holds 207 sentences of Negro workaday songs, unabridged, divided into 42 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 14 of Negro workaday songs by Howard Washington Odum exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 207 sentences, grouped into 42 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 14 of Negro workaday songs?

Work through the 42 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 42 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 14 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 14 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Negro workaday songs

Common questions about reading Negro workaday songs by Howard Washington Odum on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Negro workaday songs?

Yes. All 3471 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #69378 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Negro workaday songs is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #69378, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Negro workaday songs take to read?

About 289 minutes of reading across 695 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Negro workaday songs section by section

How to work through Negro workaday songs section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of Negro workaday songs to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Negro workaday songs

Words and structures a reader meets early in Negro workaday songs, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Printed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Negro workaday songs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Italics
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Negro workaday songs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Source
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Negro workaday songs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
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A word that appears in the opening chapter of Negro workaday songs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.