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Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome
Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome is here in full — 12 sentences across 3 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/2 · 5 lines
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Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.
A low‐lying sandy shore appears and disappears in the lapse of centuries.
What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.
What was once a green plain, ages ago, is now the sandy bottom of a waste of waters.
But the rocky face of Capreae is unchanged and changeless.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome is here in full — 12 sentences across 3 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/2 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.
Line 2
A low‐lying sandy shore appears and disappears in the lapse of centuries.
Line 3
What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.
/wʌt wɑːz wʌns ə ˈsændi strænd wɔːrn baɪ ðə weɪvz ˈɡreɪtɪd baɪ ðə kiːlz ʌv ʃɪps ənd prest baɪ ðə ˈbɪzi fiːt ʌv ˈsɪtəzənz ə ˈθaʊzənd jɪrz əˈɡoʊ ɪz naʊ pərˈhæps æn ˈɪnlænd ˈriːdʒən ʌv ˈkʌltəveɪtɪd fiːldz ˈlaɪɪŋ ərˈaʊnd ə ˈsliːpi taʊn/
Line 4
What was once a green plain, ages ago, is now the sandy bottom of a waste of waters.
/wʌt wɑːz wʌns ə ɡriːn pleɪn ˈeɪdʒəz əˈɡoʊ ɪz naʊ ðə ˈsændi ˈbɑːtəm ʌv ə weɪst ʌv ˈwɔːtərz/
Line 5
But the rocky face of Capreae is unchanged and changeless.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

disappears verb US /ˌdɪsəˈpɪrz/

third-person singular of “disappear” — get lost, as without warning or explanation

From this reading “A low‐lying sandy shore appears and disappears in the lapse of centuries.”

eminences noun US /ˈemənənsɪz/

plural of “eminence” — high status importance owing to marked superiority

From this reading “Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.”

grated verb US /ˈɡreɪtɪd/

past form of “grate” — furnish with a grate

From this reading “What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.”

jaded adjective US /ˈdʒeɪdəd/

exhausted

From this reading “Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.”

keels noun US /kiːlz/

plural of “keel” — a projection or ridge that suggests a keel

From this reading “What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.”

lapse verb US /læps/

pass into a specified state or condition

From this reading “A low‐lying sandy shore appears and disappears in the lapse of centuries.”

patrician noun US /pəˈtrɪʃən/

a person of refined upbringing and manners

From this reading “Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.”

unchanged adjective US /ənˈtʃeɪndʒd/

not made or become different

From this reading “But the rocky face of Capreae is unchanged and changeless.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

cultivated fields adjective + noun

In this reading “What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.”

sandy bottom adjective + noun

In this reading “What was once a green plain, ages ago, is now the sandy bottom of a waste of waters.”

sandy shore adjective + noun

In this reading “A low‐lying sandy shore appears and disappears in the lapse of centuries.”

thousand years noun + noun

In this reading “What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.”

worn by verb + particle

In this reading “What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.”

lapse of verb + particle

In this reading “A low‐lying sandy shore appears and disappears in the lapse of centuries.”

look upon verb + particle

look on as or consider

In this reading “Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.”

since the days preposition + article + noun counted as “since … days”

In this reading “Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.”

All words in this reading · 99

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A low‐lying sandy shore appears and disappears in the lapse of centuries.

agesnounUS /ˈeɪdʒəz/

plural of “age” — how long something has existed

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

antiquitynounUS /ænˈtɪkwəti/

the historic period preceding the Middle Ages in Europe

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

appearsverbUS /əˈpɪrz/

third-person singular of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading A low‐lying sandy shore appears and disappears in the lapse of centuries.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

bottomnounUS /ˈbɑːtəm/

the lower side of anything

From this reading What was once a green plain, ages ago, is now the sandy bottom of a waste of waters.

busyadjectiveUS /ˈbɪzi/

actively or fully engaged or occupied

From this reading What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But the rocky face of Capreae is unchanged and changeless.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

Capreae

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

centuriesnounUS /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading A low‐lying sandy shore appears and disappears in the lapse of centuries.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

changelessadjective

not subject or susceptible to change or variation in form or quality or nature

From this reading But the rocky face of Capreae is unchanged and changeless.

citizensnounUS /ˈsɪtəzənz/

plural of “citizen” — a native or naturalized member of a state or other political community

From this reading What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.

cultivatedadjectiveUS /ˈkʌltəveɪtɪd/

(of land or fields) prepared for raising crops by plowing or fertilizing

From this reading What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

disappearsverbUS /ˌdɪsəˈpɪrz/

third-person singular of “disappear” — get lost, as without warning or explanation

From this reading A low‐lying sandy shore appears and disappears in the lapse of centuries.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

eminencesnounUS /ˈemənənsɪz/

plural of “eminence” — high status importance owing to marked superiority

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading But the rocky face of Capreae is unchanged and changeless.

famenounUS /feɪm/

the state or quality of being widely honored and acclaimed

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

favournounUS /ˈfeɪvər/

a feeling of favorable regard

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.

fieldsnounUS /fiːldz/

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.

fishermannounUS /ˈfɪʃərmæn/

someone whose occupation is catching fish

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

formationnounUS /fɔːrˈmeɪʃən/

an arrangement of people or things acting as a unit

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

girtverbUS /ɡɜːrt/

inflected form of “gird” — prepare oneself for a military confrontation

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

gratedverbUS /ˈɡreɪtɪd/

past form of “grate” — furnish with a grate

From this reading What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading What was once a green plain, ages ago, is now the sandy bottom of a waste of waters.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

humbleadjectiveUS /ˈhʌmbəl/

low or inferior in station or quality

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

ImperialadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɪriəl/

relating to or associated with an empire

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

inlandadjectiveUS /ˈɪnlænd/

situated away from an area's coast or border

From this reading What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.

islenounUS /aɪl/

a small island

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

jadedadjectiveUS /ˈdʒeɪdəd/

exhausted

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

keelsnounUS /kiːlz/

plural of “keel” — a projection or ridge that suggests a keel

From this reading What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.

lapseverbUS /læps/

pass into a specified state or condition

From this reading A low‐lying sandy shore appears and disappears in the lapse of centuries.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading A low‐lying sandy shore appears and disappears in the lapse of centuries.

lyingnounUS /ˈlaɪɪŋ/

the deliberate act of deviating from the truth

From this reading A low‐lying sandy shore appears and disappears in the lapse of centuries.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

neglectverbUS /nəˈɡlekt/

leave undone or leave out

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

outlinesnounUS /ˈaʊtlaɪnz/

plural of “outline” — the line that appears to bound an object

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

patriciannounUS /pəˈtrɪʃən/

a person of refined upbringing and manners

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading What was once a green plain, ages ago, is now the sandy bottom of a waste of waters.

pressedadjectiveUS /prest/

compacted by ironing

From this reading What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.

regionnounUS /ˈriːdʒən/

the extended spatial location of something

From this reading What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.

rockyadjectiveUS /ˈrɑːki/

abounding in rocks or stones

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

ruggedadjectiveUS /ˈrʌɡəd/

sturdy and strong in constitution or construction; enduring

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

sandyadjectiveUS /ˈsændi/

of hair color; pale yellowish to yellowish brown

From this reading A low‐lying sandy shore appears and disappears in the lapse of centuries.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

shipsnounUS /ʃɪps/

plural of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight

From this reading What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.

shorenounUS /ʃɔːr/

the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading A low‐lying sandy shore appears and disappears in the lapse of centuries.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

sleepyadjectiveUS /ˈsliːpi/

ready to fall asleep

From this reading What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.

spotnounUS /spɑːt/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

strandnounUS /strænd/

a pattern forming a unity within a larger structural whole

From this reading What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

surveynounUS /sərˈveɪ/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.

unchangedadjectiveUS /ənˈtʃeɪndʒd/

not made or become different

From this reading But the rocky face of Capreae is unchanged and changeless.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.

wastenounUS /weɪst/

any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted

From this reading What was once a green plain, ages ago, is now the sandy bottom of a waste of waters.

watersnounUS /ˈwɔːtərz/

United States actress and singer (1896-1977)

From this reading What was once a green plain, ages ago, is now the sandy bottom of a waste of waters.

wavesnounUS /weɪvz/

plural of “wave” — one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)

From this reading What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.

WhatsoeveradjectiveUS /ˌwʌtsoʊˈevər/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

wornverbUS /wɔːrn/

Damaged or thinned by continuous use.

From this reading What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.

wroughtadjectiveUS /rɔːt/

shaped to fit by or as if by altering the contours of a pliable mass (as by work or effort)

From this reading Whatsoever change may have been wrought in the rugged isle of Capreae by the neglect, or the hand, of man, during the long ages since the days of Imperial fame and favour, we can be sure, as we survey the sea‐girt spot from one of its rocky eminences, that we look upon the same outlines and formation of nature as met the eyes of humble fisherman and jaded patrician of antiquity.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading What was once a sandy strand, worn by the waves, grated by the keels of ships, and pressed by the busy feet of citizens a thousand years ago, is now, perhaps, an inland region of cultivated fields lying around a sleepy town.

Chapter 12 of Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome by John W. (John William), active Graham holds 12 sentences, grouped into 3 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome contain?

Chapter 12 holds 12 sentences of Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome, unabridged, divided into 3 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome by John W. (John William), active Graham exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 12 sentences, grouped into 3 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome?

Work through the 3 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 3 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome by John W. (John William), active Graham on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome?

Yes. All 7968 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #47571 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #47571, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1594 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome

Words and structures a reader meets early in Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Edition
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Intended
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Circulation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
India
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.