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Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome
Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome is here in full — 145 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
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When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.
Indeed, the cramped space of the cell gave not much opportunity for movement.
He was free to enter the servants’ hall, to eat at their table, and otherwise to amuse himself within the limits of the villa; but he had remained in his narrow retreat heedless of all.
As the morning wore on, the door opened, and the handsome steward entered.
He gazed upon Masthlion with surprise.
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Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome is here in full — 145 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.
Line 2
Indeed, the cramped space of the cell gave not much opportunity for movement.
/ˌɪnˈdiːd ðə kræmpt speɪs ʌv ðə sel ɡeɪv nɑːt mʌtʃ ˌɑːpərˈtuːnəti fɔːr ˈmuːvmənt/
Line 3
He was free to enter the servants’ hall, to eat at their table, and otherwise to amuse himself within the limits of the villa; but he had remained in his narrow retreat heedless of all.
Line 4
As the morning wore on, the door opened, and the handsome steward entered.
/æz ðə ˈmɔːrnɪŋ wɔːr ɑːn ðə dɔːr ˈoʊpənd ənd ðə ˈhænsəm ˈstuːərd ˈentərd/
Line 5
He gazed upon Masthlion with surprise.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

amuse verb US /əˈmjuːz/

occupy in an agreeable, entertaining or pleasant fashion

From this reading “He was free to enter the servants’ hall, to eat at their table, and otherwise to amuse himself within the limits of the villa; but he had remained in his narrow retreat heedless of all.”

cramped adjective US /kræmpt/

constricted in size

From this reading “Indeed, the cramped space of the cell gave not much opportunity for movement.”

limits noun US /ˈlɪməts/

plural of “limit” — the greatest possible degree of something

From this reading “He was free to enter the servants’ hall, to eat at their table, and otherwise to amuse himself within the limits of the villa; but he had remained in his narrow retreat heedless of all.”

pallet noun US /ˈpælət/

the range of colour characteristic of a particular artist or painting or school of art

From this reading “When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.”

posture noun US /ˈpɑːstʃər/

the arrangement of the body and its limbs

From this reading “When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.”

steward noun US /ˈstuːərd/

someone who manages property or other affairs for someone else

From this reading “As the morning wore on, the door opened, and the handsome steward entered.”

villa noun US /ˈvɪlə/

Mexican revolutionary leader (1877-1923)

From this reading “He was free to enter the servants’ hall, to eat at their table, and otherwise to amuse himself within the limits of the villa; but he had remained in his narrow retreat heedless of all.”

Zeno noun US /ˈzeɪnoʊ/

ancient Greek philosopher who formulated paradoxes that defended the belief that motion and change are illusory (circa 495-430 BC)

From this reading “When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

next morning adjective + noun

In this reading “When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.”

within the limits preposition + article + noun counted as “within … limit”

In this reading “He was free to enter the servants’ hall, to eat at their table, and otherwise to amuse himself within the limits of the villa; but he had remained in his narrow retreat heedless of all.”

same posture adjective + noun

In this reading “When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.”

flashed upon verb + particle counted as “flash upon”

In this reading “When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.”

white walls noun + noun counted as “white wall”

In this reading “When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.”

remained in verb + particle counted as “remain in”

In this reading “He was free to enter the servants’ hall, to eat at their table, and otherwise to amuse himself within the limits of the villa; but he had remained in his narrow retreat heedless of all.”

wore on verb + particle counted as “wear on”

pass slowly (of time)

In this reading “As the morning wore on, the door opened, and the handsome steward entered.”

with surprise preposition + noun

In this reading “He gazed upon Masthlion with surprise.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading He was free to enter the servants’ hall, to eat at their table, and otherwise to amuse himself within the limits of the villa; but he had remained in his narrow retreat heedless of all.

amuseverbUS /əˈmjuːz/

occupy in an agreeable, entertaining or pleasant fashion

From this reading He was free to enter the servants’ hall, to eat at their table, and otherwise to amuse himself within the limits of the villa; but he had remained in his narrow retreat heedless of all.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He was free to enter the servants’ hall, to eat at their table, and otherwise to amuse himself within the limits of the villa; but he had remained in his narrow retreat heedless of all.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He was free to enter the servants’ hall, to eat at their table, and otherwise to amuse himself within the limits of the villa; but he had remained in his narrow retreat heedless of all.

bednounUS /bed/

a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep

From this reading When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He was free to enter the servants’ hall, to eat at their table, and otherwise to amuse himself within the limits of the villa; but he had remained in his narrow retreat heedless of all.

cellnounUS /sel/

A small stone room in a prison where an inmate is locked behind iron bars.

From this reading Indeed, the cramped space of the cell gave not much opportunity for movement.

crampedadjectiveUS /kræmpt/

constricted in size

From this reading Indeed, the cramped space of the cell gave not much opportunity for movement.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading As the morning wore on, the door opened, and the handsome steward entered.

eatverbUS /iːt/

take in solid food

From this reading He was free to enter the servants’ hall, to eat at their table, and otherwise to amuse himself within the limits of the villa; but he had remained in his narrow retreat heedless of all.

enterverbUS /ˈentər/

to come or go into

From this reading He was free to enter the servants’ hall, to eat at their table, and otherwise to amuse himself within the limits of the villa; but he had remained in his narrow retreat heedless of all.

enteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading As the morning wore on, the door opened, and the handsome steward entered.

flashedverbUS /flæʃt/

past form of “flash” — gleam or glow intermittently

From this reading When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Indeed, the cramped space of the cell gave not much opportunity for movement.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading He was free to enter the servants’ hall, to eat at their table, and otherwise to amuse himself within the limits of the villa; but he had remained in his narrow retreat heedless of all.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Indeed, the cramped space of the cell gave not much opportunity for movement.

gazedverbUS /ɡeɪzd/

past form of “gaze” — look at with fixed eyes

From this reading He gazed upon Masthlion with surprise.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.

hallnounUS /hɔːl/

an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading He was free to enter the servants’ hall, to eat at their table, and otherwise to amuse himself within the limits of the villa; but he had remained in his narrow retreat heedless of all.

handsomeadjectiveUS /ˈhænsəm/

pleasing in appearance especially by reason of conformity to ideals of form and proportion

From this reading As the morning wore on, the door opened, and the handsome steward entered.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was free to enter the servants’ hall, to eat at their table, and otherwise to amuse himself within the limits of the villa; but he had remained in his narrow retreat heedless of all.

heedlessadjective

marked by or paying little heed or attention

From this reading He was free to enter the servants’ hall, to eat at their table, and otherwise to amuse himself within the limits of the villa; but he had remained in his narrow retreat heedless of all.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading He was free to enter the servants’ hall, to eat at their table, and otherwise to amuse himself within the limits of the villa; but he had remained in his narrow retreat heedless of all.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.

IndeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Indeed, the cramped space of the cell gave not much opportunity for movement.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.

limitsnounUS /ˈlɪməts/

plural of “limit” — the greatest possible degree of something

From this reading He was free to enter the servants’ hall, to eat at their table, and otherwise to amuse himself within the limits of the villa; but he had remained in his narrow retreat heedless of all.

Masthlion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.

movementnounUS /ˈmuːvmənt/

a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading Indeed, the cramped space of the cell gave not much opportunity for movement.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading He was free to enter the servants’ hall, to eat at their table, and otherwise to amuse himself within the limits of the villa; but he had remained in his narrow retreat heedless of all.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Indeed, the cramped space of the cell gave not much opportunity for movement.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading As the morning wore on, the door opened, and the handsome steward entered.

openedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊpənd/

used of mouth or eyes

From this reading As the morning wore on, the door opened, and the handsome steward entered.

opportunitynounUS /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnəti/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading Indeed, the cramped space of the cell gave not much opportunity for movement.

otherwiseadverbUS /ˈʌðərwaɪz/

in other respects or ways

From this reading He was free to enter the servants’ hall, to eat at their table, and otherwise to amuse himself within the limits of the villa; but he had remained in his narrow retreat heedless of all.

palacenounUS /ˈpæləs/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.

palletnounUS /ˈpælət/

the range of colour characteristic of a particular artist or painting or school of art

From this reading When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.

posturenounUS /ˈpɑːstʃər/

the arrangement of the body and its limbs

From this reading When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading He was free to enter the servants’ hall, to eat at their table, and otherwise to amuse himself within the limits of the villa; but he had remained in his narrow retreat heedless of all.

retreatnounUS /riˈtriːt/

(military) withdrawal of troops to a more favorable position to escape the enemy's superior forces or after a defeat

From this reading He was free to enter the servants’ hall, to eat at their table, and otherwise to amuse himself within the limits of the villa; but he had remained in his narrow retreat heedless of all.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.

servantsnounUS /ˈsɜːrvənts/

plural of “servant” — a person working in the service of another (especially in the household)

From this reading He was free to enter the servants’ hall, to eat at their table, and otherwise to amuse himself within the limits of the villa; but he had remained in his narrow retreat heedless of all.

spacenounUS /speɪs/

the unlimited expanse in which everything is located

From this reading Indeed, the cramped space of the cell gave not much opportunity for movement.

stewardnounUS /ˈstuːərd/

someone who manages property or other affairs for someone else

From this reading As the morning wore on, the door opened, and the handsome steward entered.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.

surprisenounUS /sərˈpraɪz/

the astonishment you feel when something totally unexpected happens to you

From this reading He gazed upon Masthlion with surprise.

tablenounUS /ˈteɪbəl/

a set of data arranged in rows and columns

From this reading He was free to enter the servants’ hall, to eat at their table, and otherwise to amuse himself within the limits of the villa; but he had remained in his narrow retreat heedless of all.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading He was free to enter the servants’ hall, to eat at their table, and otherwise to amuse himself within the limits of the villa; but he had remained in his narrow retreat heedless of all.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He was free to enter the servants’ hall, to eat at their table, and otherwise to amuse himself within the limits of the villa; but he had remained in his narrow retreat heedless of all.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.

villanounUS /ˈvɪlə/

Mexican revolutionary leader (1877-1923)

From this reading He was free to enter the servants’ hall, to eat at their table, and otherwise to amuse himself within the limits of the villa; but he had remained in his narrow retreat heedless of all.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He gazed upon Masthlion with surprise.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading He was free to enter the servants’ hall, to eat at their table, and otherwise to amuse himself within the limits of the villa; but he had remained in his narrow retreat heedless of all.

woreverbUS /wɔːr/

inflected form of “wear” — be dressed in

From this reading As the morning wore on, the door opened, and the handsome steward entered.

ZenonounUS /ˈzeɪnoʊ/

ancient Greek philosopher who formulated paradoxes that defended the belief that motion and change are illusory (circa 495-430 BC)

From this reading When the sun flashed upon the white walls of the palace next morning, Masthlion was still upon his pallet bed, much in the same posture as when Zeno had left him.

Chapter 31 of Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome by John W. (John William), active Graham holds 145 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome contain?

Chapter 31 holds 145 sentences of Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome by John W. (John William), active Graham exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 145 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Yes. All 7968 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #47571 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #47571, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 600 minutes of reading across 1594 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome

Words and structures a reader meets early in Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Edition
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Intended
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Circulation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
India
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Neæra: A Tale of Ancient Rome; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.