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New Ideas for American Boys
New Ideas for American Boys

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of New Ideas for American Boys is here in full — 62 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/12 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A BACK-YARD SWITCHBACK.
The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.
The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.
But if you must do it yourself, then select a piece of two-inch plank, and after driving a tack in the centre, fasten a string to the tack and attach a soft pencil to the opposite end of the string.
With this describe a circle about nine inches in diameter, or measuring about four and a half inches from the tack to the pencil.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

New Ideas for American Boys

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of New Ideas for American Boys is here in full — 62 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/12 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A BACK-YARD SWITCHBACK.
Line 2
The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.
Line 3
The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.
Line 4
But if you must do it yourself, then select a piece of two-inch plank, and after driving a tack in the centre, fasten a string to the tack and attach a soft pencil to the opposite end of the string.
Line 5
With this describe a circle about nine inches in diameter, or measuring about four and a half inches from the tack to the pencil.
/wɪð ðɪs dɪˈskraɪb ə ˈsɜːrkəl əˈbaʊt naɪn ˈɪntʃəz ɪn daɪˈæmətər ɔːr ˈmeʒərɪŋ əˈbaʊt fɔːr ənd ə hæf ˈɪntʃəz frʌm ðə tæk tuː ðə ˈpensəl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

affords verb US /əˈfɔːrdz/

third-person singular of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading “The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.”

attach verb US /əˈtætʃ/

cause to be attached

From this reading “But if you must do it yourself, then select a piece of two-inch plank, and after driving a tack in the centre, fasten a string to the tack and attach a soft pencil to the opposite end of the string.”

equivalent noun US /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/

a person or thing equal to another in value or measure or force or effect or significance etc

From this reading “The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.”

measuring noun US /ˈmeʒərɪŋ/

the act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule

From this reading “With this describe a circle about nine inches in diameter, or measuring about four and a half inches from the tack to the pencil.”

sawed verb US /sɔːd/

past form of “saw” — cut with a saw

From this reading “The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.”

tack verb US /tæk/

fasten with tacks

From this reading “But if you must do it yourself, then select a piece of two-inch plank, and after driving a tack in the centre, fasten a string to the tack and attach a soft pencil to the opposite end of the string.”

toboggan noun US /təˈbɑːɡən/

a long narrow sled without runners; boards curve upward in front

From this reading “The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.”

toboggans noun US /təˈbɑːɡənz/

plural of “toboggan” — a long narrow sled without runners; boards curve upward in front

From this reading “The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

railroad track noun + noun

a line of track providing a runway for wheels

In this reading “The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.”

commonly known adverb + adjective

In this reading “The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.”

nine inches noun + noun counted as “nine inch”

In this reading “With this describe a circle about nine inches in diameter, or measuring about four and a half inches from the tack to the pencil.”

in diameter preposition + noun

In this reading “With this describe a circle about nine inches in diameter, or measuring about four and a half inches from the tack to the pencil.”

affords an opportunity verb + article + noun counted as “afford … opportunity”

In this reading “The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.”

about nine preposition + noun

In this reading “With this describe a circle about nine inches in diameter, or measuring about four and a half inches from the tack to the pencil.”

opposite end adjective + noun

In this reading “But if you must do it yourself, then select a piece of two-inch plank, and after driving a tack in the centre, fasten a string to the tack and attach a soft pencil to the opposite end of the string.”

in the centre preposition + article + noun counted as “in … centre”

In this reading “But if you must do it yourself, then select a piece of two-inch plank, and after driving a tack in the centre, fasten a string to the tack and attach a soft pencil to the opposite end of the string.”

All words in this reading · 98

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A BACK-YARD SWITCHBACK.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading With this describe a circle about nine inches in diameter, or measuring about four and a half inches from the tack to the pencil.

affordsverbUS /əˈfɔːrdz/

third-person singular of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading But if you must do it yourself, then select a piece of two-inch plank, and after driving a tack in the centre, fasten a string to the tack and attach a soft pencil to the opposite end of the string.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.

attachverbUS /əˈtætʃ/

cause to be attached

From this reading But if you must do it yourself, then select a piece of two-inch plank, and after driving a tack in the centre, fasten a string to the tack and attach a soft pencil to the opposite end of the string.

BACK-YARD

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A BACK-YARD SWITCHBACK.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.

buildverbUS /bɪld/

make by combining materials and parts

From this reading The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But if you must do it yourself, then select a piece of two-inch plank, and after driving a tack in the centre, fasten a string to the tack and attach a soft pencil to the opposite end of the string.

carnounUS /kɑːr/

a motor vehicle with four wheels; usually propelled by an internal combustion engine

From this reading The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.

carsnounUS /kɑːrz/

plural of “car” — a motor vehicle with four wheels; usually propelled by an internal combustion engine

From this reading The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.

centrenounUS /ˈsentər/

a low-lying region in central France

From this reading But if you must do it yourself, then select a piece of two-inch plank, and after driving a tack in the centre, fasten a string to the tack and attach a soft pencil to the opposite end of the string.

circlenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəl/

ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point

From this reading With this describe a circle about nine inches in diameter, or measuring about four and a half inches from the tack to the pencil.

coastnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.

commonlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːmənli/

under normal conditions

From this reading The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.

describeverbUS /dɪˈskraɪb/

give a description of

From this reading With this describe a circle about nine inches in diameter, or measuring about four and a half inches from the tack to the pencil.

diameternounUS /daɪˈæmətər/

the length of a straight line passing through the center of a circle and connecting two points on the circumference

From this reading With this describe a circle about nine inches in diameter, or measuring about four and a half inches from the tack to the pencil.

differencenounUS /ˈdɪfərəns/

the quality of being unlike or dissimilar

From this reading The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading But if you must do it yourself, then select a piece of two-inch plank, and after driving a tack in the centre, fasten a string to the tack and attach a soft pencil to the opposite end of the string.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.

drivingadjectiveUS /ˈdraɪvɪŋ/

having the power of driving or impelling

From this reading But if you must do it yourself, then select a piece of two-inch plank, and after driving a tack in the centre, fasten a string to the tack and attach a soft pencil to the opposite end of the string.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading But if you must do it yourself, then select a piece of two-inch plank, and after driving a tack in the centre, fasten a string to the tack and attach a soft pencil to the opposite end of the string.

equivalentnounUS /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/

a person or thing equal to another in value or measure or force or effect or significance etc

From this reading The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.

factorynounUS /ˈfæktəri/

a plant consisting of one or more buildings with facilities for manufacturing

From this reading The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.

fastenverbUS /ˈfæsən/

cause to be firmly attached

From this reading But if you must do it yourself, then select a piece of two-inch plank, and after driving a tack in the centre, fasten a string to the tack and attach a soft pencil to the opposite end of the string.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading With this describe a circle about nine inches in diameter, or measuring about four and a half inches from the tack to the pencil.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading With this describe a circle about nine inches in diameter, or measuring about four and a half inches from the tack to the pencil.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading With this describe a circle about nine inches in diameter, or measuring about four and a half inches from the tack to the pencil.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.

icenounUS /aɪs/

water frozen in the solid state

From this reading The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.

inchesnounUS /ˈɪntʃəz/

plural of “inch” — a unit of length equal to one twelfth of a foot

From this reading With this describe a circle about nine inches in diameter, or measuring about four and a half inches from the tack to the pencil.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.

machinerynounUS /məˈʃiːnəri/

machines or machine systems collectively

From this reading The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.

measuringnounUS /ˈmeʒərɪŋ/

the act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule

From this reading With this describe a circle about nine inches in diameter, or measuring about four and a half inches from the tack to the pencil.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.

neighborhoodnounUS /ˈneɪbərhʊd/

a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.

ninenounUS /naɪn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eight and one

From this reading With this describe a circle about nine inches in diameter, or measuring about four and a half inches from the tack to the pencil.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.

opportunitynounUS /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnəti/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.

oppositeadjectiveUS /ˈɑːpəzət/

being directly across from each other; facing

From this reading But if you must do it yourself, then select a piece of two-inch plank, and after driving a tack in the centre, fasten a string to the tack and attach a soft pencil to the opposite end of the string.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.

pencilnounUS /ˈpensəl/

a thin cylindrical pointed writing implement; a rod of marking substance encased in wood

From this reading But if you must do it yourself, then select a piece of two-inch plank, and after driving a tack in the centre, fasten a string to the tack and attach a soft pencil to the opposite end of the string.

piecenounUS /piːs/

a separate part of a whole

From this reading But if you must do it yourself, then select a piece of two-inch plank, and after driving a tack in the centre, fasten a string to the tack and attach a soft pencil to the opposite end of the string.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.

plankverbUS /plæŋk/

cover with planks

From this reading But if you must do it yourself, then select a piece of two-inch plank, and after driving a tack in the centre, fasten a string to the tack and attach a soft pencil to the opposite end of the string.

railroadnounUS /ˈreɪlroʊd/

line that is the commercial organization responsible for operating a system of transportation for trains that pull passengers or freight

From this reading The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.

saveprepositionUS /seɪv/

except for; apart from

From this reading The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.

sawedverbUS /sɔːd/

past form of “saw” — cut with a saw

From this reading The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.

selectadjectiveUS /səˈlekt/

of superior grade

From this reading But if you must do it yourself, then select a piece of two-inch plank, and after driving a tack in the centre, fasten a string to the tack and attach a soft pencil to the opposite end of the string.

slidenounUS /slaɪd/

a small flat rectangular piece of glass on which specimens can be mounted for microscopic study

From this reading The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.

snownounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.

softadjectiveUS /sɑːft/

yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading But if you must do it yourself, then select a piece of two-inch plank, and after driving a tack in the centre, fasten a string to the tack and attach a soft pencil to the opposite end of the string.

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.

stringnounUS /strɪŋ/

a lightweight cord

From this reading But if you must do it yourself, then select a piece of two-inch plank, and after driving a tack in the centre, fasten a string to the tack and attach a soft pencil to the opposite end of the string.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.

SWITCHBACK

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A BACK-YARD SWITCHBACK.

tackverbUS /tæk/

fasten with tacks

From this reading But if you must do it yourself, then select a piece of two-inch plank, and after driving a tack in the centre, fasten a string to the tack and attach a soft pencil to the opposite end of the string.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading But if you must do it yourself, then select a piece of two-inch plank, and after driving a tack in the centre, fasten a string to the tack and attach a soft pencil to the opposite end of the string.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading With this describe a circle about nine inches in diameter, or measuring about four and a half inches from the tack to the pencil.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.

toboggannounUS /təˈbɑːɡən/

a long narrow sled without runners; boards curve upward in front

From this reading The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.

toboggansnounUS /təˈbɑːɡənz/

plural of “toboggan” — a long narrow sled without runners; boards curve upward in front

From this reading The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.

tracknounUS /træk/

a line or route along which something travels or moves

From this reading The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.

troublenounUS /ˈtrʌbəl/

a source of difficulty

From this reading The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.

two-inch

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But if you must do it yourself, then select a piece of two-inch plank, and after driving a tack in the centre, fasten a string to the tack and attach a soft pencil to the opposite end of the string.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.

WheelsnounUS /wiːlz/

plural of “wheel” — a simple machine consisting of a circular frame with spokes (or a solid disc) that can rotate on a shaft or axle (as in vehicles or other machines)

From this reading The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.

woodnounUS /wʊd/

the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.

wood-working

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading The back-yard affords an opportunity to build a summer toboggan slide, or its equivalent, commonly known as a “Switchback,” the difference being that, in place of toboggans, cars are used, and in place of ice and snow you coast down a railroad track.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading The Wheels of the back-yard “switchback” car must be made of thick, sound wood, and if there is a wood-working factory in your neighborhood it will save you time and trouble to go there and have the wheels sawed out with the machinery which they have built for that kind of work.

yourselfpronounUS /jərˈself/

used when the person spoken to is also the object of the action

From this reading But if you must do it yourself, then select a piece of two-inch plank, and after driving a tack in the centre, fasten a string to the tack and attach a soft pencil to the opposite end of the string.

Chapter 14 of New Ideas for American Boys by Daniel Carter Beard holds 62 sentences, grouped into 13 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 14 of New Ideas for American Boys contain?

Chapter 14 holds 62 sentences of New Ideas for American Boys, unabridged, divided into 13 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 14 of New Ideas for American Boys by Daniel Carter Beard exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 62 sentences, grouped into 13 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 14 of New Ideas for American Boys?

Work through the 13 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 13 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 14 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 14 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading New Ideas for American Boys

Common questions about reading New Ideas for American Boys by Daniel Carter Beard on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of New Ideas for American Boys?

Yes. All 2002 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #49936 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of New Ideas for American Boys is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #49936, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does New Ideas for American Boys take to read?

About 166 minutes of reading across 401 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read New Ideas for American Boys section by section

How to work through New Ideas for American Boys section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of New Ideas for American Boys to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in New Ideas for American Boys

Words and structures a reader meets early in New Ideas for American Boys, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Enclosed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of New Ideas for American Boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Underscores
A word that appears in the opening chapter of New Ideas for American Boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Italics
A word that appears in the opening chapter of New Ideas for American Boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Equal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of New Ideas for American Boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.