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New National Fourth Reader
New National Fourth Reader

Chapter XXVIII · Chapter 28

Chapter 28 of New National Fourth Reader is here in full — 110 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for New National Fourth Reader
Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE MAMMOTH CAVE.
In the year 1809, a hunter named Hutchins, while pursuing a bear in Edmondson County, Kentucky, was surprised to see the animal disappear into a small opening in the side of a hill.
Upon examining the spot, Hutchins found that the opening led into a cave.
Following up the examination soon after, it was discovered that the cave was immense in its proportions.
On account of its great size, it was named Mammoth Cave.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

New National Fourth Reader

Chapter XXVIII · Chapter 28

Chapter 28 of New National Fourth Reader is here in full — 110 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE MAMMOTH CAVE.
/ðə ˈmæməθ keɪv/
Line 2
In the year 1809, a hunter named Hutchins, while pursuing a bear in Edmondson County, Kentucky, was surprised to see the animal disappear into a small opening in the side of a hill.
Line 3
Upon examining the spot, Hutchins found that the opening led into a cave.
/əˈpɑːn ɪɡˈzæmɪnɪŋ ðə spɑːt ˈhʌttʃɪnz faʊnd ðæt ðə ˈoʊpənɪŋ led ˈɪntuː ə keɪv/
Line 4
Following up the examination soon after, it was discovered that the cave was immense in its proportions.
/ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ ʌp ðə ɪɡˌzæməˈneɪʃən suːn ˈæftər ɪt wɑːz dɪˈskʌvərd ðæt ðə keɪv wɑːz ˌɪˈmens ɪn ɪts prəˈpɔːrʃənz/
Line 5
On account of its great size, it was named Mammoth Cave.
/ɑːn əˈkaʊnt ʌv ɪts ɡreɪt saɪz ɪt wɑːz neɪmd ˈmæməθ keɪv/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

disappear verb US /ˌdɪsəˈpɪr/

get lost, as without warning or explanation

From this reading “In the year 1809, a hunter named Hutchins, while pursuing a bear in Edmondson County, Kentucky, was surprised to see the animal disappear into a small opening in the side of a hill.”

examining verb US /ɪɡˈzæmɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “examine” — consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning

From this reading “Upon examining the spot, Hutchins found that the opening led into a cave.”

hunter noun US /ˈhʌntər/

someone who hunts game

From this reading “In the year 1809, a hunter named Hutchins, while pursuing a bear in Edmondson County, Kentucky, was surprised to see the animal disappear into a small opening in the side of a hill.”

Hutchins noun US /ˈhʌttʃɪnz/

United States educator who was president of the University of Chicago (1899-1977)

From this reading “In the year 1809, a hunter named Hutchins, while pursuing a bear in Edmondson County, Kentucky, was surprised to see the animal disappear into a small opening in the side of a hill.”

Kentucky noun US /kənˈtʌki/

a state in east central United States; a border state during the American Civil War; famous for breeding race horses

From this reading “In the year 1809, a hunter named Hutchins, while pursuing a bear in Edmondson County, Kentucky, was surprised to see the animal disappear into a small opening in the side of a hill.”

mammoth adjective US /ˈmæməθ/

so exceedingly large or extensive as to suggest a giant or mammoth

From this reading “THE MAMMOTH CAVE.”

proportions noun US /prəˈpɔːrʃənz/

plural of “proportion” — the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole

From this reading “Following up the examination soon after, it was discovered that the cave was immense in its proportions.”

pursuing adjective US /pərˈsuːɪŋ/

following in order to overtake or capture or as accompaniment to such pursuit

From this reading “In the year 1809, a hunter named Hutchins, while pursuing a bear in Edmondson County, Kentucky, was surprised to see the animal disappear into a small opening in the side of a hill.”

All words in this reading · 48

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1809

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the year 1809, a hunter named Hutchins, while pursuing a bear in Edmondson County, Kentucky, was surprised to see the animal disappear into a small opening in the side of a hill.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In the year 1809, a hunter named Hutchins, while pursuing a bear in Edmondson County, Kentucky, was surprised to see the animal disappear into a small opening in the side of a hill.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading On account of its great size, it was named Mammoth Cave.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Following up the examination soon after, it was discovered that the cave was immense in its proportions.

animalnounUS /ˈænəməl/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading In the year 1809, a hunter named Hutchins, while pursuing a bear in Edmondson County, Kentucky, was surprised to see the animal disappear into a small opening in the side of a hill.

bearverbUS /ber/

have

From this reading In the year 1809, a hunter named Hutchins, while pursuing a bear in Edmondson County, Kentucky, was surprised to see the animal disappear into a small opening in the side of a hill.

CAVEnounUS /keɪv/

a geological formation consisting of an underground enclosure with access from the surface of the ground or from the sea

From this reading THE MAMMOTH CAVE.

CountynounUS /ˈkaʊnti/

(United Kingdom) a region created by territorial division for the purpose of local government

From this reading In the year 1809, a hunter named Hutchins, while pursuing a bear in Edmondson County, Kentucky, was surprised to see the animal disappear into a small opening in the side of a hill.

disappearverbUS /ˌdɪsəˈpɪr/

get lost, as without warning or explanation

From this reading In the year 1809, a hunter named Hutchins, while pursuing a bear in Edmondson County, Kentucky, was surprised to see the animal disappear into a small opening in the side of a hill.

discoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading Following up the examination soon after, it was discovered that the cave was immense in its proportions.

Edmondson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the year 1809, a hunter named Hutchins, while pursuing a bear in Edmondson County, Kentucky, was surprised to see the animal disappear into a small opening in the side of a hill.

examinationnounUS /ɪɡˌzæməˈneɪʃən/

the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes)

From this reading Following up the examination soon after, it was discovered that the cave was immense in its proportions.

examiningverbUS /ɪɡˈzæmɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “examine” — consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning

From this reading Upon examining the spot, Hutchins found that the opening led into a cave.

FollowingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading Following up the examination soon after, it was discovered that the cave was immense in its proportions.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Upon examining the spot, Hutchins found that the opening led into a cave.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading On account of its great size, it was named Mammoth Cave.

hillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading In the year 1809, a hunter named Hutchins, while pursuing a bear in Edmondson County, Kentucky, was surprised to see the animal disappear into a small opening in the side of a hill.

hunternounUS /ˈhʌntər/

someone who hunts game

From this reading In the year 1809, a hunter named Hutchins, while pursuing a bear in Edmondson County, Kentucky, was surprised to see the animal disappear into a small opening in the side of a hill.

HutchinsnounUS /ˈhʌttʃɪnz/

United States educator who was president of the University of Chicago (1899-1977)

From this reading In the year 1809, a hunter named Hutchins, while pursuing a bear in Edmondson County, Kentucky, was surprised to see the animal disappear into a small opening in the side of a hill.

immenseadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmens/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading Following up the examination soon after, it was discovered that the cave was immense in its proportions.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the year 1809, a hunter named Hutchins, while pursuing a bear in Edmondson County, Kentucky, was surprised to see the animal disappear into a small opening in the side of a hill.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading In the year 1809, a hunter named Hutchins, while pursuing a bear in Edmondson County, Kentucky, was surprised to see the animal disappear into a small opening in the side of a hill.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Following up the examination soon after, it was discovered that the cave was immense in its proportions.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Following up the examination soon after, it was discovered that the cave was immense in its proportions.

KentuckynounUS /kənˈtʌki/

a state in east central United States; a border state during the American Civil War; famous for breeding race horses

From this reading In the year 1809, a hunter named Hutchins, while pursuing a bear in Edmondson County, Kentucky, was surprised to see the animal disappear into a small opening in the side of a hill.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading Upon examining the spot, Hutchins found that the opening led into a cave.

MAMMOTHadjectiveUS /ˈmæməθ/

so exceedingly large or extensive as to suggest a giant or mammoth

From this reading THE MAMMOTH CAVE.

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading In the year 1809, a hunter named Hutchins, while pursuing a bear in Edmondson County, Kentucky, was surprised to see the animal disappear into a small opening in the side of a hill.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the year 1809, a hunter named Hutchins, while pursuing a bear in Edmondson County, Kentucky, was surprised to see the animal disappear into a small opening in the side of a hill.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On account of its great size, it was named Mammoth Cave.

openingnounUS /ˈoʊpənɪŋ/

an open or empty space in or between things

From this reading In the year 1809, a hunter named Hutchins, while pursuing a bear in Edmondson County, Kentucky, was surprised to see the animal disappear into a small opening in the side of a hill.

proportionsnounUS /prəˈpɔːrʃənz/

plural of “proportion” — the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole

From this reading Following up the examination soon after, it was discovered that the cave was immense in its proportions.

pursuingadjectiveUS /pərˈsuːɪŋ/

following in order to overtake or capture or as accompaniment to such pursuit

From this reading In the year 1809, a hunter named Hutchins, while pursuing a bear in Edmondson County, Kentucky, was surprised to see the animal disappear into a small opening in the side of a hill.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading In the year 1809, a hunter named Hutchins, while pursuing a bear in Edmondson County, Kentucky, was surprised to see the animal disappear into a small opening in the side of a hill.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading In the year 1809, a hunter named Hutchins, while pursuing a bear in Edmondson County, Kentucky, was surprised to see the animal disappear into a small opening in the side of a hill.

sizenounUS /saɪz/

the physical magnitude of something (how big it is)

From this reading On account of its great size, it was named Mammoth Cave.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading In the year 1809, a hunter named Hutchins, while pursuing a bear in Edmondson County, Kentucky, was surprised to see the animal disappear into a small opening in the side of a hill.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading Following up the examination soon after, it was discovered that the cave was immense in its proportions.

spotnounUS /spɑːt/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Upon examining the spot, Hutchins found that the opening led into a cave.

surprisedadjectiveUS /sərˈpraɪzd/

taken unawares or suddenly and feeling wonder or astonishment

From this reading In the year 1809, a hunter named Hutchins, while pursuing a bear in Edmondson County, Kentucky, was surprised to see the animal disappear into a small opening in the side of a hill.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Upon examining the spot, Hutchins found that the opening led into a cave.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE MAMMOTH CAVE.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the year 1809, a hunter named Hutchins, while pursuing a bear in Edmondson County, Kentucky, was surprised to see the animal disappear into a small opening in the side of a hill.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Following up the examination soon after, it was discovered that the cave was immense in its proportions.

UponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Upon examining the spot, Hutchins found that the opening led into a cave.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the year 1809, a hunter named Hutchins, while pursuing a bear in Edmondson County, Kentucky, was surprised to see the animal disappear into a small opening in the side of a hill.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading In the year 1809, a hunter named Hutchins, while pursuing a bear in Edmondson County, Kentucky, was surprised to see the animal disappear into a small opening in the side of a hill.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading In the year 1809, a hunter named Hutchins, while pursuing a bear in Edmondson County, Kentucky, was surprised to see the animal disappear into a small opening in the side of a hill.

Chapter 28 of New National Fourth Reader by Charles J. (Charles Joseph) Barnes holds 110 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 28 of New National Fourth Reader contain?

Chapter 28 holds 110 sentences of New National Fourth Reader, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 28 of New National Fourth Reader by Charles J. (Charles Joseph) Barnes exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 110 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 28 of New National Fourth Reader?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 28 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 28 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading New National Fourth Reader

Common questions about reading New National Fourth Reader by Charles J. (Charles Joseph) Barnes on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of New National Fourth Reader?

Yes. All 3366 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #15825 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of New National Fourth Reader is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #15825, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does New National Fourth Reader take to read?

About 280 minutes of reading across 674 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read New National Fourth Reader section by section

How to work through New National Fourth Reader section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of New National Fourth Reader to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in New National Fourth Reader

Words and structures a reader meets early in New National Fourth Reader, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Little
A word that appears in the opening chapter of New National Fourth Reader; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Whose
A word that appears in the opening chapter of New National Fourth Reader; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Johnny
A word that appears in the opening chapter of New National Fourth Reader; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mamma
A word that appears in the opening chapter of New National Fourth Reader; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.