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Nibsy's Christmas
Nibsy's Christmas

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Nibsy's Christmas is here in full — 400 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
MANUFACTURED BY HALLMARK LITHOGRAPHERS, INC.
IN THE U.S.A.
* * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.
Darkness was closing in on a cold, hard day.
The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Nibsy's Christmas

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Nibsy's Christmas is here in full — 400 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MANUFACTURED BY HALLMARK LITHOGRAPHERS, INC.
Line 2
IN THE U.S.A.
Line 3
* * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.
Line 4
Darkness was closing in on a cold, hard day.
/ˈdɑːrknəs wɑːz ˈkloʊzɪŋ ɪn ɑːn ə koʊld hɑːrd deɪ/
Line 5
The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

butting verb US /ˈbʌtɪŋ/

-ing form of “butt” — lie adjacent to another or share a boundary

From this reading “The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.”

buttoned adjective US /ˈbʌtənd/

furnished or closed with buttons or something buttonlike

From this reading “The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.”

delicatessen noun US /ˌdelɪkəˈtesən/

ready-to-eat food products

From this reading “The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.”

Denmark noun US /ˈdenmɑːrk/

a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe; consists of the mainland of Jutland and many islands between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea

From this reading “* * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.”

hallmark noun US /ˈhɑːlmɑːrk/

a distinctive characteristic or attribute

From this reading “MANUFACTURED BY HALLMARK LITHOGRAPHERS, INC.”

inc noun US /ɪŋk/

a heterogeneous collection of groups united in their opposition to Saddam Hussein's government of Iraq; formed in 1992 it is comprised of Sunni and Shiite Arabs and Kurds who hope to build a new government

From this reading “MANUFACTURED BY HALLMARK LITHOGRAPHERS, INC.”

manufactured adjective US /ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərd/

produced in a large-scale industrial operation

From this reading “MANUFACTURED BY HALLMARK LITHOGRAPHERS, INC.”

motherless adjective US /ˈmʌðərlɪs/

having no living or known mother

From this reading “* * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.”

All words in this reading · 87

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading IN THE U.S.A.

admirationnounUS /ˌædmərˈeɪʃən/

a feeling of delighted approval and liking

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

afflictedadjectiveUS /əˈflɪktɪd/

grievously affected especially by disease

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

AuthornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

bentnounUS /bent/

a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

blastverbUS /blæst/

make a strident sound

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

buttingverbUS /ˈbʌtɪŋ/

-ing form of “butt” — lie adjacent to another or share a boundary

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

buttonedadjectiveUS /ˈbʌtənd/

furnished or closed with buttons or something buttonlike

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

BYprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading MANUFACTURED BY HALLMARK LITHOGRAPHERS, INC.

childhood's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

CHRISTMASnounUS /ˈkrɪsməs/

period extending from Dec. 24 to Jan. 6

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

Christmas-eve

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

closingnounUS /ˈkloʊzɪŋ/

the act of closing something

From this reading Darkness was closing in on a cold, hard day.

coatsnounUS /koʊts/

plural of “coat” — an outer garment that has sleeves and covers the body from shoulder down; worn outdoors

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading Darkness was closing in on a cold, hard day.

cornernounUS /ˈkɔːrnər/

a place off to the side of an area

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

DarknessnounUS /ˈdɑːrknəs/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading Darkness was closing in on a cold, hard day.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Darkness was closing in on a cold, hard day.

delicatessennounUS /ˌdelɪkəˈtesən/

ready-to-eat food products

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

DenmarknounUS /ˈdenmɑːrk/

a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe; consists of the mainland of Jutland and many islands between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

dinner-pails

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

EastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

emptyverbUS /ˈempti/

make void or empty of contents

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

frozenadjectiveUS /ˈfroʊzən/

turned into ice; affected by freezing or by long and severe cold

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

GraciousadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪʃəs/

characterized by charm, good taste, and generosity of spirit

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

HALLMARKnounUS /ˈhɑːlmɑːrk/

a distinctive characteristic or attribute

From this reading MANUFACTURED BY HALLMARK LITHOGRAPHERS, INC.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading Darkness was closing in on a cold, hard day.

headsnounUS /hedz/

plural of “head” — the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

HerdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

homewardadverbUS /ˈhoʊmwərd/

toward home

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

hurryingadjectiveUS /ˈhɜːriɪŋ/

moving with great haste

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading IN THE U.S.A.

INCnounUS /ɪŋk/

a heterogeneous collection of groups united in their opposition to Saddam Hussein's government of Iraq; formed in 1992 it is comprised of Sunni and Shiite Arabs and Kurds who hope to build a new government

From this reading MANUFACTURED BY HALLMARK LITHOGRAPHERS, INC.

inscribedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈskraɪbd/

written (by handwriting, printing, engraving, or carving) on or in a surface

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

LITHOGRAPHERS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MANUFACTURED BY HALLMARK LITHOGRAPHERS, INC.

Louise

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

MajestynounUS /ˈmædʒəsti/

impressiveness in scale or proportion

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

MANUFACTUREDadjectiveUS /ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərd/

produced in a large-scale industrial operation

From this reading MANUFACTURED BY HALLMARK LITHOGRAPHERS, INC.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

MostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

motherlessadjectiveUS /ˈmʌðərlɪs/

having no living or known mother

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

NIBSY'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

profoundadjectiveUS /proʊˈfaʊnd/

showing intellectual penetration or emotional depth

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

QueennounUS /kwiːn/

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

respectnounUS /rɪˈspekt/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading IN THE U.S.A.

saloonnounUS /səˈluːn/

a room or establishment where alcoholic drinks are served over a counter

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

SidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

steadyverbUS /ˈstedi/

make steady

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

storenounUS /stɔːr/

a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

streetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

struggledverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəld/

past form of “struggle” — make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading IN THE U.S.A.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

tightlyadverbUS /ˈtaɪtli/

in a tight or constricted manner

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

UnounUS /juː/

a base containing nitrogen that is found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

From this reading IN THE U.S.A.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

windowsnounUS /ˈwɪndoʊz/

(trademark) an operating system with a graphical user interface

From this reading The light that struggled through the frozen windows of the delicatessen store, and the saloon on the corner, fell upon men with empty dinner-pails who were hurrying homeward, their coats buttoned tightly, and heads bent against the steady blast from the river, as if they were butting their way down the street.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading * * * * * _To Her Most Gracious Majesty Louise Queen of Denmark the friend of the afflicted and the mother of the motherless in my childhood's home these leaves are inscribed with the profound respect and admiration of the Author_ NIBSY'S CHRISTMAS It was Christmas-eve over on the East Side.

Chapter 1 of Nibsy's Christmas by Jacob A. (Jacob August) Riis holds 400 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Nibsy's Christmas contain?

Chapter 1 holds 400 sentences of Nibsy's Christmas, unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Nibsy's Christmas by Jacob A. (Jacob August) Riis exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 400 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Nibsy's Christmas?

Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Nibsy's Christmas

Common questions about reading Nibsy's Christmas by Jacob A. (Jacob August) Riis on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Nibsy's Christmas?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Nibsy's Christmas is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Nibsy's Christmas take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Nibsy's Christmas section by section

How to work through Nibsy's Christmas section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Nibsy's Christmas

Words and structures a reader meets early in Nibsy's Christmas, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Nibsy's Christmas, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Nibsy's Christmas, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Nibsy's Christmas, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.