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Nicaragua
Nicaragua

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Nicaragua is here in full — 13 sentences across 3 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Nicaragua
Context Illustration Reading 1/2 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects.
Italics are delimited with the ‘_’ character as _italic_.
Superscripted characters are prefixed with ‘^’ and if more than one, included in curly braces, e.g. N^{os}.
Footnotes have been moved to follow the paragraphs in which they are referenced.
Illustrations are represented here by their captions, which have been moved to fall at paragraph breaks.
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Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Nicaragua

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Nicaragua is here in full — 13 sentences across 3 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/2 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects.
Line 2
Italics are delimited with the ‘_’ character as _italic_.
Line 3
Superscripted characters are prefixed with ‘^’ and if more than one, included in curly braces, e.g. N^{os}.
Line 4
Footnotes have been moved to follow the paragraphs in which they are referenced.
/ˈfʊtnoʊts hæv bɪn muːvd tuː ˈfɑːloʊ ðə ˈpærəɡræfs ɪn wɪtʃ ðeɪ ɑːr ˈrefərənst/
Line 5
Illustrations are represented here by their captions, which have been moved to fall at paragraph breaks.
/ˌɪləˈstreɪʃənz ɑːr ˌreprɪˈzentɪd hiːr baɪ ðer ˈkæpʃənz wɪtʃ hæv bɪn muːvd tuː fɔːl æt ˈpærəɡræf breɪks/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

braces noun US /ˈbreɪsəz/

an appliance that corrects dental irregularities

From this reading “Superscripted characters are prefixed with ‘^’ and if more than one, included in curly braces, e.g. N^{os}.”

captions noun US /ˈkæpʃənz/

plural of “caption” — taking exception; especially a quibble based on a captious argument

From this reading “Illustrations are represented here by their captions, which have been moved to fall at paragraph breaks.”

Footnotes noun US /ˈfʊtnoʊts/

plural of “footnote” — a printed note placed below the text on a printed page

From this reading “Footnotes have been moved to follow the paragraphs in which they are referenced.”

italic noun US /aɪˈtælɪk/

a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right

Italics noun US /aɪˈtælɪks/

plural of “italic” — a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right

From this reading “Italics are delimited with the ‘_’ character as _italic_.”

paragraphs noun US /ˈpærəɡræfs/

plural of “paragraph” — one of several distinct subdivisions of a text intended to separate ideas; the beginning is usually marked by a new indented line

From this reading “Footnotes have been moved to follow the paragraphs in which they are referenced.”

referenced adjective US /ˈrefərənst/

supported with written references or citations

From this reading “Footnotes have been moved to follow the paragraphs in which they are referenced.”

typographical adjective US /ˌtaɪpəˈɡræfɪkəl/

relating to or occurring or used in typography

From this reading “This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects.”

All words in this reading · 53

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Superscripted characters are prefixed with ‘^’ and if more than one, included in curly braces, e.g. N^{os}.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Italics are delimited with the ‘_’ character as _italic_.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Italics are delimited with the ‘_’ character as _italic_.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Illustrations are represented here by their captions, which have been moved to fall at paragraph breaks.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Footnotes have been moved to follow the paragraphs in which they are referenced.

bracesnounUS /ˈbreɪsəz/

an appliance that corrects dental irregularities

From this reading Superscripted characters are prefixed with ‘^’ and if more than one, included in curly braces, e.g. N^{os}.

breaksnounUS /breɪks/

plural of “break” — some abrupt occurrence that interrupts an ongoing activity

From this reading Illustrations are represented here by their captions, which have been moved to fall at paragraph breaks.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Illustrations are represented here by their captions, which have been moved to fall at paragraph breaks.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects.

captionsnounUS /ˈkæpʃənz/

plural of “caption” — taking exception; especially a quibble based on a captious argument

From this reading Illustrations are represented here by their captions, which have been moved to fall at paragraph breaks.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading Italics are delimited with the ‘_’ character as _italic_.

charactersnounUS /ˈkærəktərz/

plural of “character” — an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading Superscripted characters are prefixed with ‘^’ and if more than one, included in curly braces, e.g. N^{os}.

curlyadjectiveUS /ˈkɜːrli/

(of hair) having curls or waves

From this reading Superscripted characters are prefixed with ‘^’ and if more than one, included in curly braces, e.g. N^{os}.

delimitedadjective

having the limits or boundaries established

From this reading Italics are delimited with the ‘_’ character as _italic_.

enounUS /iː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal reproduction; an important antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in the body

From this reading Superscripted characters are prefixed with ‘^’ and if more than one, included in curly braces, e.g. N^{os}.

effectsnounUS /ɪˈfekts/

property of a personal character that is portable but not used in business

From this reading This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects.

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading Illustrations are represented here by their captions, which have been moved to fall at paragraph breaks.

followverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊ/

to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading Footnotes have been moved to follow the paragraphs in which they are referenced.

FootnotesnounUS /ˈfʊtnoʊts/

plural of “footnote” — a printed note placed below the text on a printed page

From this reading Footnotes have been moved to follow the paragraphs in which they are referenced.

gnounUS /dʒiː/

a metric unit of weight equal to one thousandth of a kilogram

From this reading Superscripted characters are prefixed with ‘^’ and if more than one, included in curly braces, e.g. N^{os}.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Footnotes have been moved to follow the paragraphs in which they are referenced.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Illustrations are represented here by their captions, which have been moved to fall at paragraph breaks.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Superscripted characters are prefixed with ‘^’ and if more than one, included in curly braces, e.g. N^{os}.

IllustrationsnounUS /ˌɪləˈstreɪʃənz/

plural of “illustration” — artwork that helps make something clear or attractive

From this reading Illustrations are represented here by their captions, which have been moved to fall at paragraph breaks.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Superscripted characters are prefixed with ‘^’ and if more than one, included in curly braces, e.g. N^{os}.

includedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkluːdəd/

enclosed in the same envelope or package

From this reading Superscripted characters are prefixed with ‘^’ and if more than one, included in curly braces, e.g. N^{os}.

italicnounUS /aɪˈtælɪk/

a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right

From this reading Italics are delimited with the ‘_’ character as _italic_.

ItalicsnounUS /aɪˈtælɪks/

plural of “italic” — a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right

From this reading Italics are delimited with the ‘_’ character as _italic_.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Superscripted characters are prefixed with ‘^’ and if more than one, included in curly braces, e.g. N^{os}.

movedadjectiveUS /muːvd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading Footnotes have been moved to follow the paragraphs in which they are referenced.

NnounUS /en/

a common nonmetallic element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless inert diatomic gas; constitutes 78 percent of the atmosphere by volume; a constituent of all living tissues

From this reading Superscripted characters are prefixed with ‘^’ and if more than one, included in curly braces, e.g. N^{os}.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Superscripted characters are prefixed with ‘^’ and if more than one, included in curly braces, e.g. N^{os}.

osnounUS /ɑːs/

a mouth or mouthlike opening

From this reading Superscripted characters are prefixed with ‘^’ and if more than one, included in curly braces, e.g. N^{os}.

paragraphnounUS /ˈpærəɡræf/

one of several distinct subdivisions of a text intended to separate ideas; the beginning is usually marked by a new indented line

From this reading Illustrations are represented here by their captions, which have been moved to fall at paragraph breaks.

paragraphsnounUS /ˈpærəɡræfs/

plural of “paragraph” — one of several distinct subdivisions of a text intended to separate ideas; the beginning is usually marked by a new indented line

From this reading Footnotes have been moved to follow the paragraphs in which they are referenced.

prefixed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Superscripted characters are prefixed with ‘^’ and if more than one, included in curly braces, e.g. N^{os}.

referencedadjectiveUS /ˈrefərənst/

supported with written references or citations

From this reading Footnotes have been moved to follow the paragraphs in which they are referenced.

representverbUS /ˌreprɪˈzent/

take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to

From this reading This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects.

representedadjectiveUS /ˌreprɪˈzentɪd/

represented accurately or precisely

From this reading Illustrations are represented here by their captions, which have been moved to fall at paragraph breaks.

Superscripted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Superscripted characters are prefixed with ‘^’ and if more than one, included in curly braces, e.g. N^{os}.

textnounUS /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Superscripted characters are prefixed with ‘^’ and if more than one, included in curly braces, e.g. N^{os}.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Illustrations are represented here by their captions, which have been moved to fall at paragraph breaks.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Footnotes have been moved to follow the paragraphs in which they are referenced.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Footnotes have been moved to follow the paragraphs in which they are referenced.

typographicaladjectiveUS /ˌtaɪpəˈɡræfɪkəl/

relating to or occurring or used in typography

From this reading This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects.

versionnounUS /ˈvɜːrʒən/

an interpretation of a matter from a particular viewpoint

From this reading This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Footnotes have been moved to follow the paragraphs in which they are referenced.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Italics are delimited with the ‘_’ character as _italic_.

Chapter 1 of Nicaragua by E. G. (Ephraim George) Squier holds 13 sentences, grouped into 3 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Nicaragua contain?

Chapter 1 holds 13 sentences of Nicaragua, unabridged, divided into 3 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Nicaragua by E. G. (Ephraim George) Squier exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 13 sentences, grouped into 3 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Nicaragua?

Work through the 3 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 3 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Nicaragua

Common questions about reading Nicaragua by E. G. (Ephraim George) Squier on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Nicaragua?

Yes. All 7608 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #76906 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Nicaragua is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #76906, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Nicaragua take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1522 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Nicaragua section by section

How to work through Nicaragua section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 29 chapters of Nicaragua to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Nicaragua

Words and structures a reader meets early in Nicaragua, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Version
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nicaragua; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cannot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nicaragua; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Represent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nicaragua; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nicaragua; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.