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Nicaragua
Nicaragua

Chapter XXVIII

Chapter 28 of Nicaragua is here in full — 620 sentences across 124 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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THE PROPOSED INTER-OCEANIC CANAL: EARLY EXPLORATIONS; SURVEY OF COLONEL CHILDS IN 1851; VARIOUS LINES FROM LAKE NICARAGUA TO THE PACIFIC; ETC., ETC.
From what has been said in the preceding chapters, it sufficiently appears that Nicaragua is a country of great beauty of scenery, fertility of soil, and variety and richness of products.
But she has attracted the attention of the world less on these accounts than because she is believed to possess within her borders the best and most feasible route for a canal between the two great oceans.
The project of opening such a communication through her territories began to be entertained as soon as it was found that there existed no natural water communication between the seas.
As early as 1551, the historian Gomara had indicated the four lines which have since been regarded as offering the greatest facilities for the purpose, viz.: at Darien, Panama, Nicaragua, and Tehuantepec.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Nicaragua

Chapter XXVIII

Chapter 28 of Nicaragua is here in full — 620 sentences across 124 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/124 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE PROPOSED INTER-OCEANIC CANAL: EARLY EXPLORATIONS; SURVEY OF COLONEL CHILDS IN 1851; VARIOUS LINES FROM LAKE NICARAGUA TO THE PACIFIC; ETC., ETC.
Line 2
From what has been said in the preceding chapters, it sufficiently appears that Nicaragua is a country of great beauty of scenery, fertility of soil, and variety and richness of products.
/frʌm wʌt hæz bɪn sed ɪn ðə priˈsiːdɪŋ ˈtʃæptərz ɪt səˈfɪʃəntli əˈpɪrz ðæt ˌnɪkərˈɑːɡwə ɪz ə ˈkʌntri ʌv ɡreɪt ˈbjuːti ʌv ˈsiːnəri fərˈtɪləti ʌv sɔɪl ənd vərˈaɪəti ənd ˈrɪtʃnəs ʌv ˈprɑːdəkts/
Line 3
But she has attracted the attention of the world less on these accounts than because she is believed to possess within her borders the best and most feasible route for a canal between the two great oceans.
/bʌt ʃiː hæz əˈtræktɪd ðə əˈtenʃən ʌv ðə wɜːrld les ɑːn ðiːz əˈkaʊnts ðæn bɪˈkɔːz ʃiː ɪz bɪˈliːvd tuː pəˈzes wɪˈðɪn hɜːr ˈbɔːrdərz ðə best ənd moʊst ˈfiːzəbəl ruːt fɔːr ə kəˈnæl bɪˈtwiːn ðə tuː ɡreɪt ˈoʊʃənz/
Line 4
The project of opening such a communication through her territories began to be entertained as soon as it was found that there existed no natural water communication between the seas.
/ðə ˈprɑːdʒekt ʌv ˈoʊpənɪŋ sʌtʃ ə kəˌmjuːnəˈkeɪʃən θruː hɜːr ˈterətɔːriz bɪˈɡæn tuː biː ˌentərˈteɪnd æz suːn æz ɪt wɑːz faʊnd ðæt ðer ɪɡˈzɪstəd noʊ ˈnætʃərəl ˈwɔːtər kəˌmjuːnəˈkeɪʃən bɪˈtwiːn ðə siːz/
Line 5
As early as 1551, the historian Gomara had indicated the four lines which have since been regarded as offering the greatest facilities for the purpose, viz.: at Darien, Panama, Nicaragua, and Tehuantepec.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

childs noun US /tʃaɪldz/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading “THE PROPOSED INTER-OCEANIC CANAL: EARLY EXPLORATIONS; SURVEY OF COLONEL CHILDS IN 1851; VARIOUS LINES FROM LAKE NICARAGUA TO THE PACIFIC; ETC., ETC.”

explorations noun US /ˌeksplərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “exploration” — to travel for the purpose of discovery

From this reading “THE PROPOSED INTER-OCEANIC CANAL: EARLY EXPLORATIONS; SURVEY OF COLONEL CHILDS IN 1851; VARIOUS LINES FROM LAKE NICARAGUA TO THE PACIFIC; ETC., ETC.”

facilities noun US /fəˈsɪlətiz/

plural of “facility” — a building or place that provides a particular service or is used for a particular industry

From this reading “As early as 1551, the historian Gomara had indicated the four lines which have since been regarded as offering the greatest facilities for the purpose, viz.: at Darien, Panama, Nicaragua, and Tehuantepec.”

feasible adjective US /ˈfiːzəbəl/

capable of being done with means at hand and circumstances as they are

From this reading “But she has attracted the attention of the world less on these accounts than because she is believed to possess within her borders the best and most feasible route for a canal between the two great oceans.”

fertility noun US /fərˈtɪləti/

the ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area; expressed per 1000 population per year

From this reading “From what has been said in the preceding chapters, it sufficiently appears that Nicaragua is a country of great beauty of scenery, fertility of soil, and variety and richness of products.”

nicaragua noun US /ˌnɪkərˈɑːɡwə/

a republic in Central America; achieved independence from Spain in 1821

From this reading “THE PROPOSED INTER-OCEANIC CANAL: EARLY EXPLORATIONS; SURVEY OF COLONEL CHILDS IN 1851; VARIOUS LINES FROM LAKE NICARAGUA TO THE PACIFIC; ETC., ETC.”

oceans noun US /ˈoʊʃənz/

plural of “ocean” — a large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere

From this reading “But she has attracted the attention of the world less on these accounts than because she is believed to possess within her borders the best and most feasible route for a canal between the two great oceans.”

territories noun US /ˈterətɔːriz/

plural of “territory” — a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading “The project of opening such a communication through her territories began to be entertained as soon as it was found that there existed no natural water communication between the seas.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

preceding chapters adjective + noun counted as “preceding chapter”

In this reading “From what has been said in the preceding chapters, it sufficiently appears that Nicaragua is a country of great beauty of scenery, fertility of soil, and variety and richness of products.”

attracted the attention verb + article + noun counted as “attract … attention”

In this reading “But she has attracted the attention of the world less on these accounts than because she is believed to possess within her borders the best and most feasible route for a canal between the two great oceans.”

between the two preposition + article + noun counted as “between … two”

In this reading “But she has attracted the attention of the world less on these accounts than because she is believed to possess within her borders the best and most feasible route for a canal between the two great oceans.”

for the purpose preposition + article + noun counted as “for … purpose”

In this reading “As early as 1551, the historian Gomara had indicated the four lines which have since been regarded as offering the greatest facilities for the purpose, viz.: at Darien, Panama, Nicaragua, and Tehuantepec.”

great oceans adjective + noun counted as “great ocean”

In this reading “But she has attracted the attention of the world less on these accounts than because she is believed to possess within her borders the best and most feasible route for a canal between the two great oceans.”

great beauty adjective + noun

In this reading “From what has been said in the preceding chapters, it sufficiently appears that Nicaragua is a country of great beauty of scenery, fertility of soil, and variety and richness of products.”

All words in this reading · 104

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1551

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As early as 1551, the historian Gomara had indicated the four lines which have since been regarded as offering the greatest facilities for the purpose, viz.: at Darien, Panama, Nicaragua, and Tehuantepec.

1851

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE PROPOSED INTER-OCEANIC CANAL: EARLY EXPLORATIONS; SURVEY OF COLONEL CHILDS IN 1851; VARIOUS LINES FROM LAKE NICARAGUA TO THE PACIFIC; ETC., ETC.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading From what has been said in the preceding chapters, it sufficiently appears that Nicaragua is a country of great beauty of scenery, fertility of soil, and variety and richness of products.

accountsnounUS /əˈkaʊnts/

plural of “account” — a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading But she has attracted the attention of the world less on these accounts than because she is believed to possess within her borders the best and most feasible route for a canal between the two great oceans.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading From what has been said in the preceding chapters, it sufficiently appears that Nicaragua is a country of great beauty of scenery, fertility of soil, and variety and richness of products.

appearsverbUS /əˈpɪrz/

third-person singular of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading From what has been said in the preceding chapters, it sufficiently appears that Nicaragua is a country of great beauty of scenery, fertility of soil, and variety and richness of products.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The project of opening such a communication through her territories began to be entertained as soon as it was found that there existed no natural water communication between the seas.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading As early as 1551, the historian Gomara had indicated the four lines which have since been regarded as offering the greatest facilities for the purpose, viz.: at Darien, Panama, Nicaragua, and Tehuantepec.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading But she has attracted the attention of the world less on these accounts than because she is believed to possess within her borders the best and most feasible route for a canal between the two great oceans.

attractedverbUS /əˈtræktɪd/

past form of “attract” — direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes

From this reading But she has attracted the attention of the world less on these accounts than because she is believed to possess within her borders the best and most feasible route for a canal between the two great oceans.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The project of opening such a communication through her territories began to be entertained as soon as it was found that there existed no natural water communication between the seas.

beautynounUS /ˈbjuːti/

the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading From what has been said in the preceding chapters, it sufficiently appears that Nicaragua is a country of great beauty of scenery, fertility of soil, and variety and richness of products.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading But she has attracted the attention of the world less on these accounts than because she is believed to possess within her borders the best and most feasible route for a canal between the two great oceans.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading From what has been said in the preceding chapters, it sufficiently appears that Nicaragua is a country of great beauty of scenery, fertility of soil, and variety and richness of products.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading The project of opening such a communication through her territories began to be entertained as soon as it was found that there existed no natural water communication between the seas.

believedverbUS /bɪˈliːvd/

past form of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading But she has attracted the attention of the world less on these accounts than because she is believed to possess within her borders the best and most feasible route for a canal between the two great oceans.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading But she has attracted the attention of the world less on these accounts than because she is believed to possess within her borders the best and most feasible route for a canal between the two great oceans.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading But she has attracted the attention of the world less on these accounts than because she is believed to possess within her borders the best and most feasible route for a canal between the two great oceans.

bordersnounUS /ˈbɔːrdərz/

plural of “border” — a line that indicates a boundary

From this reading But she has attracted the attention of the world less on these accounts than because she is believed to possess within her borders the best and most feasible route for a canal between the two great oceans.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But she has attracted the attention of the world less on these accounts than because she is believed to possess within her borders the best and most feasible route for a canal between the two great oceans.

CANALnounUS /kəˈnæl/

(astronomy) an indistinct surface feature of Mars once thought to be a system of channels; they are now believed to be an optical illusion

From this reading THE PROPOSED INTER-OCEANIC CANAL: EARLY EXPLORATIONS; SURVEY OF COLONEL CHILDS IN 1851; VARIOUS LINES FROM LAKE NICARAGUA TO THE PACIFIC; ETC., ETC.

chaptersnounUS /ˈtʃæptərz/

plural of “chapter” — a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading From what has been said in the preceding chapters, it sufficiently appears that Nicaragua is a country of great beauty of scenery, fertility of soil, and variety and richness of products.

CHILDSnounUS /tʃaɪldz/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading THE PROPOSED INTER-OCEANIC CANAL: EARLY EXPLORATIONS; SURVEY OF COLONEL CHILDS IN 1851; VARIOUS LINES FROM LAKE NICARAGUA TO THE PACIFIC; ETC., ETC.

COLONELnounUS /ˈkɜːrnəl/

a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines who ranks above a lieutenant colonel and below a brigadier general

From this reading THE PROPOSED INTER-OCEANIC CANAL: EARLY EXPLORATIONS; SURVEY OF COLONEL CHILDS IN 1851; VARIOUS LINES FROM LAKE NICARAGUA TO THE PACIFIC; ETC., ETC.

communicationnounUS /kəˌmjuːnəˈkeɪʃən/

the activity of communicating; the activity of conveying information

From this reading The project of opening such a communication through her territories began to be entertained as soon as it was found that there existed no natural water communication between the seas.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading From what has been said in the preceding chapters, it sufficiently appears that Nicaragua is a country of great beauty of scenery, fertility of soil, and variety and richness of products.

Darien

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As early as 1551, the historian Gomara had indicated the four lines which have since been regarded as offering the greatest facilities for the purpose, viz.: at Darien, Panama, Nicaragua, and Tehuantepec.

EARLYadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading THE PROPOSED INTER-OCEANIC CANAL: EARLY EXPLORATIONS; SURVEY OF COLONEL CHILDS IN 1851; VARIOUS LINES FROM LAKE NICARAGUA TO THE PACIFIC; ETC., ETC.

entertainedadjectiveUS /ˌentərˈteɪnd/

pleasantly occupied

From this reading The project of opening such a communication through her territories began to be entertained as soon as it was found that there existed no natural water communication between the seas.

ETC

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE PROPOSED INTER-OCEANIC CANAL: EARLY EXPLORATIONS; SURVEY OF COLONEL CHILDS IN 1851; VARIOUS LINES FROM LAKE NICARAGUA TO THE PACIFIC; ETC., ETC.

existedverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪstəd/

past form of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading The project of opening such a communication through her territories began to be entertained as soon as it was found that there existed no natural water communication between the seas.

EXPLORATIONSnounUS /ˌeksplərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “exploration” — to travel for the purpose of discovery

From this reading THE PROPOSED INTER-OCEANIC CANAL: EARLY EXPLORATIONS; SURVEY OF COLONEL CHILDS IN 1851; VARIOUS LINES FROM LAKE NICARAGUA TO THE PACIFIC; ETC., ETC.

facilitiesnounUS /fəˈsɪlətiz/

plural of “facility” — a building or place that provides a particular service or is used for a particular industry

From this reading As early as 1551, the historian Gomara had indicated the four lines which have since been regarded as offering the greatest facilities for the purpose, viz.: at Darien, Panama, Nicaragua, and Tehuantepec.

feasibleadjectiveUS /ˈfiːzəbəl/

capable of being done with means at hand and circumstances as they are

From this reading But she has attracted the attention of the world less on these accounts than because she is believed to possess within her borders the best and most feasible route for a canal between the two great oceans.

fertilitynounUS /fərˈtɪləti/

the ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area; expressed per 1000 population per year

From this reading From what has been said in the preceding chapters, it sufficiently appears that Nicaragua is a country of great beauty of scenery, fertility of soil, and variety and richness of products.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But she has attracted the attention of the world less on these accounts than because she is believed to possess within her borders the best and most feasible route for a canal between the two great oceans.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading The project of opening such a communication through her territories began to be entertained as soon as it was found that there existed no natural water communication between the seas.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading As early as 1551, the historian Gomara had indicated the four lines which have since been regarded as offering the greatest facilities for the purpose, viz.: at Darien, Panama, Nicaragua, and Tehuantepec.

FROMprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading THE PROPOSED INTER-OCEANIC CANAL: EARLY EXPLORATIONS; SURVEY OF COLONEL CHILDS IN 1851; VARIOUS LINES FROM LAKE NICARAGUA TO THE PACIFIC; ETC., ETC.

Gomara

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As early as 1551, the historian Gomara had indicated the four lines which have since been regarded as offering the greatest facilities for the purpose, viz.: at Darien, Panama, Nicaragua, and Tehuantepec.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading From what has been said in the preceding chapters, it sufficiently appears that Nicaragua is a country of great beauty of scenery, fertility of soil, and variety and richness of products.

greatestadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtəst/

highest in quality

From this reading As early as 1551, the historian Gomara had indicated the four lines which have since been regarded as offering the greatest facilities for the purpose, viz.: at Darien, Panama, Nicaragua, and Tehuantepec.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading As early as 1551, the historian Gomara had indicated the four lines which have since been regarded as offering the greatest facilities for the purpose, viz.: at Darien, Panama, Nicaragua, and Tehuantepec.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading From what has been said in the preceding chapters, it sufficiently appears that Nicaragua is a country of great beauty of scenery, fertility of soil, and variety and richness of products.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading As early as 1551, the historian Gomara had indicated the four lines which have since been regarded as offering the greatest facilities for the purpose, viz.: at Darien, Panama, Nicaragua, and Tehuantepec.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading But she has attracted the attention of the world less on these accounts than because she is believed to possess within her borders the best and most feasible route for a canal between the two great oceans.

historiannounUS /hɪˈstɔːriən/

a person who is an authority on history and who studies it and writes about it

From this reading As early as 1551, the historian Gomara had indicated the four lines which have since been regarded as offering the greatest facilities for the purpose, viz.: at Darien, Panama, Nicaragua, and Tehuantepec.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE PROPOSED INTER-OCEANIC CANAL: EARLY EXPLORATIONS; SURVEY OF COLONEL CHILDS IN 1851; VARIOUS LINES FROM LAKE NICARAGUA TO THE PACIFIC; ETC., ETC.

indicatedverbUS /ˈɪndəkeɪtəd/

past form of “indicate” — be a signal for or a symptom of

From this reading As early as 1551, the historian Gomara had indicated the four lines which have since been regarded as offering the greatest facilities for the purpose, viz.: at Darien, Panama, Nicaragua, and Tehuantepec.

INTER-OCEANIC

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE PROPOSED INTER-OCEANIC CANAL: EARLY EXPLORATIONS; SURVEY OF COLONEL CHILDS IN 1851; VARIOUS LINES FROM LAKE NICARAGUA TO THE PACIFIC; ETC., ETC.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading From what has been said in the preceding chapters, it sufficiently appears that Nicaragua is a country of great beauty of scenery, fertility of soil, and variety and richness of products.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading From what has been said in the preceding chapters, it sufficiently appears that Nicaragua is a country of great beauty of scenery, fertility of soil, and variety and richness of products.

LAKEnounUS /leɪk/

a body of (usually fresh) water surrounded by land

From this reading THE PROPOSED INTER-OCEANIC CANAL: EARLY EXPLORATIONS; SURVEY OF COLONEL CHILDS IN 1851; VARIOUS LINES FROM LAKE NICARAGUA TO THE PACIFIC; ETC., ETC.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading But she has attracted the attention of the world less on these accounts than because she is believed to possess within her borders the best and most feasible route for a canal between the two great oceans.

LINESnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading THE PROPOSED INTER-OCEANIC CANAL: EARLY EXPLORATIONS; SURVEY OF COLONEL CHILDS IN 1851; VARIOUS LINES FROM LAKE NICARAGUA TO THE PACIFIC; ETC., ETC.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading But she has attracted the attention of the world less on these accounts than because she is believed to possess within her borders the best and most feasible route for a canal between the two great oceans.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading The project of opening such a communication through her territories began to be entertained as soon as it was found that there existed no natural water communication between the seas.

NICARAGUAnounUS /ˌnɪkərˈɑːɡwə/

a republic in Central America; achieved independence from Spain in 1821

From this reading THE PROPOSED INTER-OCEANIC CANAL: EARLY EXPLORATIONS; SURVEY OF COLONEL CHILDS IN 1851; VARIOUS LINES FROM LAKE NICARAGUA TO THE PACIFIC; ETC., ETC.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The project of opening such a communication through her territories began to be entertained as soon as it was found that there existed no natural water communication between the seas.

oceansnounUS /ˈoʊʃənz/

plural of “ocean” — a large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere

From this reading But she has attracted the attention of the world less on these accounts than because she is believed to possess within her borders the best and most feasible route for a canal between the two great oceans.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE PROPOSED INTER-OCEANIC CANAL: EARLY EXPLORATIONS; SURVEY OF COLONEL CHILDS IN 1851; VARIOUS LINES FROM LAKE NICARAGUA TO THE PACIFIC; ETC., ETC.

offeringnounUS /ˈɔːfərɪŋ/

something offered (as a proposal or bid)

From this reading As early as 1551, the historian Gomara had indicated the four lines which have since been regarded as offering the greatest facilities for the purpose, viz.: at Darien, Panama, Nicaragua, and Tehuantepec.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading But she has attracted the attention of the world less on these accounts than because she is believed to possess within her borders the best and most feasible route for a canal between the two great oceans.

openingnounUS /ˈoʊpənɪŋ/

an open or empty space in or between things

From this reading The project of opening such a communication through her territories began to be entertained as soon as it was found that there existed no natural water communication between the seas.

PACIFICnounUS /pəˈsɪfɪk/

the largest ocean in the world

From this reading THE PROPOSED INTER-OCEANIC CANAL: EARLY EXPLORATIONS; SURVEY OF COLONEL CHILDS IN 1851; VARIOUS LINES FROM LAKE NICARAGUA TO THE PACIFIC; ETC., ETC.

PanamanounUS /ˈpænəmɑː/

a republic on the Isthmus of Panama; achieved independence from Colombia in 1903

From this reading As early as 1551, the historian Gomara had indicated the four lines which have since been regarded as offering the greatest facilities for the purpose, viz.: at Darien, Panama, Nicaragua, and Tehuantepec.

possessverbUS /pəˈzes/

have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill

From this reading But she has attracted the attention of the world less on these accounts than because she is believed to possess within her borders the best and most feasible route for a canal between the two great oceans.

precedingadjectiveUS /priˈsiːdɪŋ/

existing or coming before

From this reading From what has been said in the preceding chapters, it sufficiently appears that Nicaragua is a country of great beauty of scenery, fertility of soil, and variety and richness of products.

productsnounUS /ˈprɑːdəkts/

plural of “product” — commodities offered for sale

From this reading From what has been said in the preceding chapters, it sufficiently appears that Nicaragua is a country of great beauty of scenery, fertility of soil, and variety and richness of products.

projectverbUS /ˈprɑːdʒekt/

communicate vividly

From this reading The project of opening such a communication through her territories began to be entertained as soon as it was found that there existed no natural water communication between the seas.

PROPOSEDverbUS /prəˈpoʊzd/

past form of “propose” — make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading THE PROPOSED INTER-OCEANIC CANAL: EARLY EXPLORATIONS; SURVEY OF COLONEL CHILDS IN 1851; VARIOUS LINES FROM LAKE NICARAGUA TO THE PACIFIC; ETC., ETC.

purposenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəs/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading As early as 1551, the historian Gomara had indicated the four lines which have since been regarded as offering the greatest facilities for the purpose, viz.: at Darien, Panama, Nicaragua, and Tehuantepec.

regardedverbUS /rɪˈɡɑːrdɪd/

past form of “regard” — deem to be

From this reading As early as 1551, the historian Gomara had indicated the four lines which have since been regarded as offering the greatest facilities for the purpose, viz.: at Darien, Panama, Nicaragua, and Tehuantepec.

richnessnounUS /ˈrɪtʃnəs/

the property of being extremely abundant

From this reading From what has been said in the preceding chapters, it sufficiently appears that Nicaragua is a country of great beauty of scenery, fertility of soil, and variety and richness of products.

routenounUS /ruːt/

an established line of travel or access

From this reading But she has attracted the attention of the world less on these accounts than because she is believed to possess within her borders the best and most feasible route for a canal between the two great oceans.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading From what has been said in the preceding chapters, it sufficiently appears that Nicaragua is a country of great beauty of scenery, fertility of soil, and variety and richness of products.

scenerynounUS /ˈsiːnəri/

the painted structures of a stage set that are intended to suggest a particular locale

From this reading From what has been said in the preceding chapters, it sufficiently appears that Nicaragua is a country of great beauty of scenery, fertility of soil, and variety and richness of products.

seasnounUS /siːz/

plural of “sea” — a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading The project of opening such a communication through her territories began to be entertained as soon as it was found that there existed no natural water communication between the seas.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But she has attracted the attention of the world less on these accounts than because she is believed to possess within her borders the best and most feasible route for a canal between the two great oceans.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading As early as 1551, the historian Gomara had indicated the four lines which have since been regarded as offering the greatest facilities for the purpose, viz.: at Darien, Panama, Nicaragua, and Tehuantepec.

soilnounUS /sɔɪl/

the state of being covered with unclean things

From this reading From what has been said in the preceding chapters, it sufficiently appears that Nicaragua is a country of great beauty of scenery, fertility of soil, and variety and richness of products.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading The project of opening such a communication through her territories began to be entertained as soon as it was found that there existed no natural water communication between the seas.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The project of opening such a communication through her territories began to be entertained as soon as it was found that there existed no natural water communication between the seas.

sufficientlyadverbUS /səˈfɪʃəntli/

to a sufficient degree

From this reading From what has been said in the preceding chapters, it sufficiently appears that Nicaragua is a country of great beauty of scenery, fertility of soil, and variety and richness of products.

SURVEYnounUS /sərˈveɪ/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading THE PROPOSED INTER-OCEANIC CANAL: EARLY EXPLORATIONS; SURVEY OF COLONEL CHILDS IN 1851; VARIOUS LINES FROM LAKE NICARAGUA TO THE PACIFIC; ETC., ETC.

Tehuantepec

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As early as 1551, the historian Gomara had indicated the four lines which have since been regarded as offering the greatest facilities for the purpose, viz.: at Darien, Panama, Nicaragua, and Tehuantepec.

territoriesnounUS /ˈterətɔːriz/

plural of “territory” — a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading The project of opening such a communication through her territories began to be entertained as soon as it was found that there existed no natural water communication between the seas.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading But she has attracted the attention of the world less on these accounts than because she is believed to possess within her borders the best and most feasible route for a canal between the two great oceans.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading From what has been said in the preceding chapters, it sufficiently appears that Nicaragua is a country of great beauty of scenery, fertility of soil, and variety and richness of products.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE PROPOSED INTER-OCEANIC CANAL: EARLY EXPLORATIONS; SURVEY OF COLONEL CHILDS IN 1851; VARIOUS LINES FROM LAKE NICARAGUA TO THE PACIFIC; ETC., ETC.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The project of opening such a communication through her territories began to be entertained as soon as it was found that there existed no natural water communication between the seas.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading But she has attracted the attention of the world less on these accounts than because she is believed to possess within her borders the best and most feasible route for a canal between the two great oceans.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The project of opening such a communication through her territories began to be entertained as soon as it was found that there existed no natural water communication between the seas.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE PROPOSED INTER-OCEANIC CANAL: EARLY EXPLORATIONS; SURVEY OF COLONEL CHILDS IN 1851; VARIOUS LINES FROM LAKE NICARAGUA TO THE PACIFIC; ETC., ETC.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading But she has attracted the attention of the world less on these accounts than because she is believed to possess within her borders the best and most feasible route for a canal between the two great oceans.

varietynounUS /vərˈaɪəti/

a collection containing a variety of sorts of things

From this reading From what has been said in the preceding chapters, it sufficiently appears that Nicaragua is a country of great beauty of scenery, fertility of soil, and variety and richness of products.

VARIOUSadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading THE PROPOSED INTER-OCEANIC CANAL: EARLY EXPLORATIONS; SURVEY OF COLONEL CHILDS IN 1851; VARIOUS LINES FROM LAKE NICARAGUA TO THE PACIFIC; ETC., ETC.

viz

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As early as 1551, the historian Gomara had indicated the four lines which have since been regarded as offering the greatest facilities for the purpose, viz.: at Darien, Panama, Nicaragua, and Tehuantepec.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The project of opening such a communication through her territories began to be entertained as soon as it was found that there existed no natural water communication between the seas.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading The project of opening such a communication through her territories began to be entertained as soon as it was found that there existed no natural water communication between the seas.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading From what has been said in the preceding chapters, it sufficiently appears that Nicaragua is a country of great beauty of scenery, fertility of soil, and variety and richness of products.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading As early as 1551, the historian Gomara had indicated the four lines which have since been regarded as offering the greatest facilities for the purpose, viz.: at Darien, Panama, Nicaragua, and Tehuantepec.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading But she has attracted the attention of the world less on these accounts than because she is believed to possess within her borders the best and most feasible route for a canal between the two great oceans.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading But she has attracted the attention of the world less on these accounts than because she is believed to possess within her borders the best and most feasible route for a canal between the two great oceans.

Chapter 28 of Nicaragua by E. G. (Ephraim George) Squier holds 620 sentences, grouped into 124 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 28 of Nicaragua contain?

Chapter 28 holds 620 sentences of Nicaragua, unabridged, divided into 124 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 28 of Nicaragua by E. G. (Ephraim George) Squier exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 620 sentences, grouped into 124 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 28 of Nicaragua?

Work through the 124 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 124 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 28 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 28 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Nicaragua

Common questions about reading Nicaragua by E. G. (Ephraim George) Squier on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Nicaragua?

Yes. All 7608 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #76906 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Nicaragua is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #76906, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Nicaragua take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1522 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Nicaragua section by section

How to work through Nicaragua section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 29 chapters of Nicaragua to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Nicaragua

Words and structures a reader meets early in Nicaragua, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Version
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nicaragua; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cannot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nicaragua; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Represent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nicaragua; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nicaragua; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.