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Nineteenth Century Questions
Nineteenth Century Questions

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Nineteenth Century Questions is here in full — 398 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/79 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
But in Christianity this ignorance of the eternal nature of God is the exception, while in Buddhism it is the rule.
In the reaction against Brahmanism, the Brahmanic faith in the infinite was lost.
In the fully developed system of the ancient Hindoo religion the infinite overpowered the finite, the temporal world was regarded as an illusion, and only the eternal was real.
The reaction from this extreme was so complete as to carry the Buddhists to the exact opposite.
If to the Brahman all the finite visible world was only _maya_--illusion, to the Buddhists all the infinite unseen world was unknowable, and practically nothing.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Nineteenth Century Questions

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Nineteenth Century Questions is here in full — 398 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/79 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
But in Christianity this ignorance of the eternal nature of God is the exception, while in Buddhism it is the rule.
/bʌt ɪn ˌkrɪstʃiˈænɪti ðɪs ˈɪɡnərəns ʌv ðə ɪˈtɜːrnəl ˈneɪtʃər ʌv ɡɑːd ɪz ðə ɪkˈsepʃən waɪl ɪn ˈbuːdɪzəm ɪt ɪz ðə ruːl/
Line 2
In the reaction against Brahmanism, the Brahmanic faith in the infinite was lost.
Line 3
In the fully developed system of the ancient Hindoo religion the infinite overpowered the finite, the temporal world was regarded as an illusion, and only the eternal was real.
Line 4
The reaction from this extreme was so complete as to carry the Buddhists to the exact opposite.
/ðə riˈækʃən frʌm ðɪs ekˈstriːm wɑːz soʊ kəmˈpliːt æz tuː ˈkæri ðə ˈbuːdəsts tuː ðə ɪɡˈzækt ˈɑːpəzət/
Line 5
If to the Brahman all the finite visible world was only _maya_--illusion, to the Buddhists all the infinite unseen world was unknowable, and practically nothing.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Brahman noun US /ˈbrɑːmən/

a member of a social and cultural elite (especially a descendant of an old New England family)

From this reading “If to the Brahman all the finite visible world was only _maya_--illusion, to the Buddhists all the infinite unseen world was unknowable, and practically nothing.”

Buddhism noun US /ˈbuːdɪzəm/

a religion represented by the many groups (especially in Asia) that profess various forms of the Buddhist doctrine and that venerate Buddha

From this reading “But in Christianity this ignorance of the eternal nature of God is the exception, while in Buddhism it is the rule.”

Buddhists noun US /ˈbuːdəsts/

plural of “buddhist” — one who follows the teachings of Buddha

From this reading “The reaction from this extreme was so complete as to carry the Buddhists to the exact opposite.”

finite adjective US /ˈfaɪnaɪt/

bounded or limited in magnitude or spatial or temporal extent

From this reading “In the fully developed system of the ancient Hindoo religion the infinite overpowered the finite, the temporal world was regarded as an illusion, and only the eternal was real.”

maya noun US /ˈmaɪə/

a member of an American Indian people of Yucatan and Belize and Guatemala who had a culture (which reached its peak between AD 300 and 900) characterized by outstanding architecture and pottery and astronomy

overpowered verb US /ˌoʊvərˈpaʊərd/

past form of “overpower” — overcome by superior force

From this reading “In the fully developed system of the ancient Hindoo religion the infinite overpowered the finite, the temporal world was regarded as an illusion, and only the eternal was real.”

temporal adjective US /ˈtempərəl/

not eternal

From this reading “In the fully developed system of the ancient Hindoo religion the infinite overpowered the finite, the temporal world was regarded as an illusion, and only the eternal was real.”

unknowable adjective US /ənˈnoʊəbəl/

not knowable

From this reading “If to the Brahman all the finite visible world was only _maya_--illusion, to the Buddhists all the infinite unseen world was unknowable, and practically nothing.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

fully developed adverb + adjective

In this reading “In the fully developed system of the ancient Hindoo religion the infinite overpowered the finite, the temporal world was regarded as an illusion, and only the eternal was real.”

unseen world adjective + noun

In this reading “If to the Brahman all the finite visible world was only _maya_--illusion, to the Buddhists all the infinite unseen world was unknowable, and practically nothing.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading In the reaction against Brahmanism, the Brahmanic faith in the infinite was lost.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading If to the Brahman all the finite visible world was only _maya_--illusion, to the Buddhists all the infinite unseen world was unknowable, and practically nothing.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading In the fully developed system of the ancient Hindoo religion the infinite overpowered the finite, the temporal world was regarded as an illusion, and only the eternal was real.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading In the fully developed system of the ancient Hindoo religion the infinite overpowered the finite, the temporal world was regarded as an illusion, and only the eternal was real.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In the fully developed system of the ancient Hindoo religion the infinite overpowered the finite, the temporal world was regarded as an illusion, and only the eternal was real.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In the fully developed system of the ancient Hindoo religion the infinite overpowered the finite, the temporal world was regarded as an illusion, and only the eternal was real.

BrahmannounUS /ˈbrɑːmən/

a member of a social and cultural elite (especially a descendant of an old New England family)

From this reading If to the Brahman all the finite visible world was only _maya_--illusion, to the Buddhists all the infinite unseen world was unknowable, and practically nothing.

Brahmanic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the reaction against Brahmanism, the Brahmanic faith in the infinite was lost.

Brahmanismnoun

the religious and social system of orthodox Hinduism

From this reading In the reaction against Brahmanism, the Brahmanic faith in the infinite was lost.

BuddhismnounUS /ˈbuːdɪzəm/

a religion represented by the many groups (especially in Asia) that profess various forms of the Buddhist doctrine and that venerate Buddha

From this reading But in Christianity this ignorance of the eternal nature of God is the exception, while in Buddhism it is the rule.

BuddhistsnounUS /ˈbuːdəsts/

plural of “buddhist” — one who follows the teachings of Buddha

From this reading The reaction from this extreme was so complete as to carry the Buddhists to the exact opposite.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But in Christianity this ignorance of the eternal nature of God is the exception, while in Buddhism it is the rule.

carryverbUS /ˈkæri/

move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading The reaction from this extreme was so complete as to carry the Buddhists to the exact opposite.

ChristianitynounUS /ˌkrɪstʃiˈænɪti/

a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior

From this reading But in Christianity this ignorance of the eternal nature of God is the exception, while in Buddhism it is the rule.

completeverbUS /kəmˈpliːt/

come or bring to a finish or an end

From this reading The reaction from this extreme was so complete as to carry the Buddhists to the exact opposite.

developedadjectiveUS /dɪˈveləpt/

being changed over time so as to be e.g. stronger or more complete or more useful

From this reading In the fully developed system of the ancient Hindoo religion the infinite overpowered the finite, the temporal world was regarded as an illusion, and only the eternal was real.

eternaladjectiveUS /ɪˈtɜːrnəl/

continuing forever or indefinitely

From this reading But in Christianity this ignorance of the eternal nature of God is the exception, while in Buddhism it is the rule.

exactadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzækt/

Strictly particular and correct.

From this reading The reaction from this extreme was so complete as to carry the Buddhists to the exact opposite.

exceptionnounUS /ɪkˈsepʃən/

a deliberate act of omission

From this reading But in Christianity this ignorance of the eternal nature of God is the exception, while in Buddhism it is the rule.

extremeadjectiveUS /ekˈstriːm/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading The reaction from this extreme was so complete as to carry the Buddhists to the exact opposite.

faithnounUS /feɪθ/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading In the reaction against Brahmanism, the Brahmanic faith in the infinite was lost.

finiteadjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnaɪt/

bounded or limited in magnitude or spatial or temporal extent

From this reading In the fully developed system of the ancient Hindoo religion the infinite overpowered the finite, the temporal world was regarded as an illusion, and only the eternal was real.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The reaction from this extreme was so complete as to carry the Buddhists to the exact opposite.

fullyadverbUS /ˈfʊli/

to the greatest degree or extent; completely or entirely; (“full” in this sense is used as a combining form)

From this reading In the fully developed system of the ancient Hindoo religion the infinite overpowered the finite, the temporal world was regarded as an illusion, and only the eternal was real.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading But in Christianity this ignorance of the eternal nature of God is the exception, while in Buddhism it is the rule.

Hindoonoun

a native or inhabitant of Hindustan or India

From this reading In the fully developed system of the ancient Hindoo religion the infinite overpowered the finite, the temporal world was regarded as an illusion, and only the eternal was real.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If to the Brahman all the finite visible world was only _maya_--illusion, to the Buddhists all the infinite unseen world was unknowable, and practically nothing.

ignorancenounUS /ˈɪɡnərəns/

the lack of knowledge or education

From this reading But in Christianity this ignorance of the eternal nature of God is the exception, while in Buddhism it is the rule.

illusionnounUS /ˌɪˈluːʒən/

an erroneous mental representation

From this reading In the fully developed system of the ancient Hindoo religion the infinite overpowered the finite, the temporal world was regarded as an illusion, and only the eternal was real.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But in Christianity this ignorance of the eternal nature of God is the exception, while in Buddhism it is the rule.

infiniteadjectiveUS /ˈɪnfənət/

having no limits or boundaries in time or space or extent or magnitude

From this reading In the reaction against Brahmanism, the Brahmanic faith in the infinite was lost.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But in Christianity this ignorance of the eternal nature of God is the exception, while in Buddhism it is the rule.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading But in Christianity this ignorance of the eternal nature of God is the exception, while in Buddhism it is the rule.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading In the reaction against Brahmanism, the Brahmanic faith in the infinite was lost.

mayanounUS /ˈmaɪə/

a member of an American Indian people of Yucatan and Belize and Guatemala who had a culture (which reached its peak between AD 300 and 900) characterized by outstanding architecture and pottery and astronomy

From this reading If to the Brahman all the finite visible world was only _maya_--illusion, to the Buddhists all the infinite unseen world was unknowable, and practically nothing.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading But in Christianity this ignorance of the eternal nature of God is the exception, while in Buddhism it is the rule.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading If to the Brahman all the finite visible world was only _maya_--illusion, to the Buddhists all the infinite unseen world was unknowable, and practically nothing.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading But in Christianity this ignorance of the eternal nature of God is the exception, while in Buddhism it is the rule.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading In the fully developed system of the ancient Hindoo religion the infinite overpowered the finite, the temporal world was regarded as an illusion, and only the eternal was real.

oppositeadjectiveUS /ˈɑːpəzət/

being directly across from each other; facing

From this reading The reaction from this extreme was so complete as to carry the Buddhists to the exact opposite.

overpoweredverbUS /ˌoʊvərˈpaʊərd/

past form of “overpower” — overcome by superior force

From this reading In the fully developed system of the ancient Hindoo religion the infinite overpowered the finite, the temporal world was regarded as an illusion, and only the eternal was real.

practicallyadverbUS /ˈpræktɪkli/

almost; nearly

From this reading If to the Brahman all the finite visible world was only _maya_--illusion, to the Buddhists all the infinite unseen world was unknowable, and practically nothing.

reactionnounUS /riˈækʃən/

(chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others

From this reading In the reaction against Brahmanism, the Brahmanic faith in the infinite was lost.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading In the fully developed system of the ancient Hindoo religion the infinite overpowered the finite, the temporal world was regarded as an illusion, and only the eternal was real.

regardedverbUS /rɪˈɡɑːrdɪd/

past form of “regard” — deem to be

From this reading In the fully developed system of the ancient Hindoo religion the infinite overpowered the finite, the temporal world was regarded as an illusion, and only the eternal was real.

religionnounUS /rɪˈlɪdʒən/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading In the fully developed system of the ancient Hindoo religion the infinite overpowered the finite, the temporal world was regarded as an illusion, and only the eternal was real.

rulenounUS /ruːl/

a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading But in Christianity this ignorance of the eternal nature of God is the exception, while in Buddhism it is the rule.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The reaction from this extreme was so complete as to carry the Buddhists to the exact opposite.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading In the fully developed system of the ancient Hindoo religion the infinite overpowered the finite, the temporal world was regarded as an illusion, and only the eternal was real.

temporaladjectiveUS /ˈtempərəl/

not eternal

From this reading In the fully developed system of the ancient Hindoo religion the infinite overpowered the finite, the temporal world was regarded as an illusion, and only the eternal was real.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading But in Christianity this ignorance of the eternal nature of God is the exception, while in Buddhism it is the rule.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading But in Christianity this ignorance of the eternal nature of God is the exception, while in Buddhism it is the rule.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The reaction from this extreme was so complete as to carry the Buddhists to the exact opposite.

unknowableadjectiveUS /ənˈnoʊəbəl/

not knowable

From this reading If to the Brahman all the finite visible world was only _maya_--illusion, to the Buddhists all the infinite unseen world was unknowable, and practically nothing.

unseenadjectiveUS /ənˈsiːn/

not seen or perceived

From this reading If to the Brahman all the finite visible world was only _maya_--illusion, to the Buddhists all the infinite unseen world was unknowable, and practically nothing.

visibleadjectiveUS /ˈvɪzəbəl/

capable of being seen; or open to easy view

From this reading If to the Brahman all the finite visible world was only _maya_--illusion, to the Buddhists all the infinite unseen world was unknowable, and practically nothing.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the reaction against Brahmanism, the Brahmanic faith in the infinite was lost.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading But in Christianity this ignorance of the eternal nature of God is the exception, while in Buddhism it is the rule.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading In the fully developed system of the ancient Hindoo religion the infinite overpowered the finite, the temporal world was regarded as an illusion, and only the eternal was real.

Chapter 3 of Nineteenth Century Questions by James Freeman Clarke holds 398 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Nineteenth Century Questions contain?

Chapter 3 holds 398 sentences of Nineteenth Century Questions, unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Nineteenth Century Questions by James Freeman Clarke exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 398 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Nineteenth Century Questions?

Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Nineteenth Century Questions

Common questions about reading Nineteenth Century Questions by James Freeman Clarke on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Nineteenth Century Questions?

Yes. All 3936 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44628 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Nineteenth Century Questions is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44628, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Nineteenth Century Questions take to read?

About 328 minutes of reading across 788 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Nineteenth Century Questions section by section

How to work through Nineteenth Century Questions section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Nineteenth Century Questions

Words and structures a reader meets early in Nineteenth Century Questions, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

James
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nineteenth Century Questions; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Freeman
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nineteenth Century Questions; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Clarke
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nineteenth Century Questions; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nineteenth Century Questions; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.