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Nineteenth Century Questions
Nineteenth Century Questions

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Nineteenth Century Questions is here in full — 398 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/79 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
That animals have acute observation, memory, imagination, the sense of approbation, strong affections, and the power of reasoning is therefore very evident.
Lord Bacon also speaks of a dog's reverence for his master as partaking of a religious element.
"Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."
Who that has seen the mute admiration and trust in a dog's eye, as he looks up at his master, but can see in it something of a religious reverence, the germ and first principle of religion?
What, then, is the difference between the human soul and that of the animal in its highest development?
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Nineteenth Century Questions

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Nineteenth Century Questions is here in full — 398 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/79 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
That animals have acute observation, memory, imagination, the sense of approbation, strong affections, and the power of reasoning is therefore very evident.
/ðæt ˈænəməlz hæv əˈkjuːt ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃən ˈmem.ər.i ˌɪmædʒəˈneɪʃən ðə sens ʌv ˌæprəˈbeɪʃən strɔːŋ əˈfekʃənz ənd ðə ˈpaʊər ʌv ˈriːzənɪŋ ɪz ˈðerfɔːr ˈveri ˈevədənt/
Line 2
Lord Bacon also speaks of a dog's reverence for his master as partaking of a religious element.
Line 3
"Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."
Line 4
Who that has seen the mute admiration and trust in a dog's eye, as he looks up at his master, but can see in it something of a religious reverence, the germ and first principle of religion?
/huː ðæt hæz siːn ðə mjuːt ˌædmərˈeɪʃən ənd trʌst ɪn ə dɔːɡz aɪ æz hiː lʊks ʌp æt hɪz ˈmæstər bʌt kæn siː ɪn ɪt ˈsʌmθɪŋ ʌv ə rɪˈlɪdʒəs ˈrevərəns ðə dʒɜːrm ənd fɜːrst ˈprɪnsəpəl ʌv rɪˈlɪdʒən/
Line 5
What, then, is the difference between the human soul and that of the animal in its highest development?
/wʌt ðen ɪz ðə ˈdɪfərəns bɪˈtwiːn ðə ˈhjuːmən soʊl ənd ðæt ʌv ðə ˈænəməl ɪn ɪts ˈhaɪəst dɪˈveləpmənt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

acute adjective US /əˈkjuːt/

having or experiencing a rapid onset and short but severe course

From this reading “That animals have acute observation, memory, imagination, the sense of approbation, strong affections, and the power of reasoning is therefore very evident.”

approbation noun US /ˌæprəˈbeɪʃən/

official approval

From this reading “That animals have acute observation, memory, imagination, the sense of approbation, strong affections, and the power of reasoning is therefore very evident.”

attain verb US /əˈteɪn/

to gain with effort

From this reading “"Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."”

dog's noun US /dɔːɡz/

possessive form of “dog” — a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds

From this reading “Lord Bacon also speaks of a dog's reverence for his master as partaking of a religious element.”

generosity noun US /ˌdʒenərˈɑːsəti/

the trait of being willing to give your money or time

From this reading “"Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."”

germ noun US /dʒɜːrm/

anything that provides inspiration for later work

From this reading “Who that has seen the mute admiration and trust in a dog's eye, as he looks up at his master, but can see in it something of a religious reverence, the germ and first principle of religion?”

mute adjective US /mjuːt/

expressed without speech

From this reading “Who that has seen the mute admiration and trust in a dog's eye, as he looks up at his master, but can see in it something of a religious reverence, the germ and first principle of religion?”

reasoning noun US /ˈriːzənɪŋ/

thinking that is coherent and logical

From this reading “That animals have acute observation, memory, imagination, the sense of approbation, strong affections, and the power of reasoning is therefore very evident.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

human soul adjective + noun

In this reading “What, then, is the difference between the human soul and that of the animal in its highest development?”

strong affections adjective + noun counted as “strong affection”

In this reading “That animals have acute observation, memory, imagination, the sense of approbation, strong affections, and the power of reasoning is therefore very evident.”

first principle adjective + noun

In this reading “Who that has seen the mute admiration and trust in a dog's eye, as he looks up at his master, but can see in it something of a religious reverence, the germ and first principle of religion?”

reverence for verb + particle

In this reading “Lord Bacon also speaks of a dog's reverence for his master as partaking of a religious element.”

looks up verb + adjective counted as “look up”

seek information from

In this reading “Who that has seen the mute admiration and trust in a dog's eye, as he looks up at his master, but can see in it something of a religious reverence, the germ and first principle of religion?”

put on verb + particle

put clothing on one's body

In this reading “"Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."”

All words in this reading · 93

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Lord Bacon also speaks of a dog's reverence for his master as partaking of a religious element.

acuteadjectiveUS /əˈkjuːt/

having or experiencing a rapid onset and short but severe course

From this reading That animals have acute observation, memory, imagination, the sense of approbation, strong affections, and the power of reasoning is therefore very evident.

admirationnounUS /ˌædmərˈeɪʃən/

a feeling of delighted approval and liking

From this reading Who that has seen the mute admiration and trust in a dog's eye, as he looks up at his master, but can see in it something of a religious reverence, the germ and first principle of religion?

affectionsnounUS /əˈfekʃənz/

plural of “affection” — a positive feeling of liking

From this reading That animals have acute observation, memory, imagination, the sense of approbation, strong affections, and the power of reasoning is therefore very evident.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading Lord Bacon also speaks of a dog's reverence for his master as partaking of a religious element.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading That animals have acute observation, memory, imagination, the sense of approbation, strong affections, and the power of reasoning is therefore very evident.

animalnounUS /ˈænəməl/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading What, then, is the difference between the human soul and that of the animal in its highest development?

animalsnounUS /ˈænəməlz/

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading That animals have acute observation, memory, imagination, the sense of approbation, strong affections, and the power of reasoning is therefore very evident.

approbationnounUS /ˌæprəˈbeɪʃən/

official approval

From this reading That animals have acute observation, memory, imagination, the sense of approbation, strong affections, and the power of reasoning is therefore very evident.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Lord Bacon also speaks of a dog's reverence for his master as partaking of a religious element.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Who that has seen the mute admiration and trust in a dog's eye, as he looks up at his master, but can see in it something of a religious reverence, the germ and first principle of religion?

attainverbUS /əˈteɪn/

to gain with effort

From this reading "Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."

BaconnounUS /ˈbeɪkən/

back and sides of a hog salted and dried or smoked; usually sliced thin and fried

From this reading Lord Bacon also speaks of a dog's reverence for his master as partaking of a religious element.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading "Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading What, then, is the difference between the human soul and that of the animal in its highest development?

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Who that has seen the mute admiration and trust in a dog's eye, as he looks up at his master, but can see in it something of a religious reverence, the germ and first principle of religion?

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading "Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Who that has seen the mute admiration and trust in a dog's eye, as he looks up at his master, but can see in it something of a religious reverence, the germ and first principle of religion?

confidencenounUS /ˈkɑːnfədəns/

freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities

From this reading "Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading "Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."

couragenounUS /ˈkɜːrədʒ/

a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear

From this reading "Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading What, then, is the difference between the human soul and that of the animal in its highest development?

differencenounUS /ˈdɪfərəns/

the quality of being unlike or dissimilar

From this reading What, then, is the difference between the human soul and that of the animal in its highest development?

dognounUS /dɔːɡ/

a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds

From this reading "Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."

dog'snounUS /dɔːɡz/

possessive form of “dog” — a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds

From this reading Lord Bacon also speaks of a dog's reverence for his master as partaking of a religious element.

elementnounUS /ˈeləmənt/

an abstract part of something

From this reading Lord Bacon also speaks of a dog's reverence for his master as partaking of a religious element.

evidentadjectiveUS /ˈevədənt/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading That animals have acute observation, memory, imagination, the sense of approbation, strong affections, and the power of reasoning is therefore very evident.

eyenounUS /aɪ/

the organ of sight

From this reading Who that has seen the mute admiration and trust in a dog's eye, as he looks up at his master, but can see in it something of a religious reverence, the germ and first principle of religion?

findsnounUS /faɪndz/

plural of “find” — a productive insight

From this reading "Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Who that has seen the mute admiration and trust in a dog's eye, as he looks up at his master, but can see in it something of a religious reverence, the germ and first principle of religion?

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Lord Bacon also speaks of a dog's reverence for his master as partaking of a religious element.

generositynounUS /ˌdʒenərˈɑːsəti/

the trait of being willing to give your money or time

From this reading "Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."

germnounUS /dʒɜːrm/

anything that provides inspiration for later work

From this reading Who that has seen the mute admiration and trust in a dog's eye, as he looks up at his master, but can see in it something of a religious reverence, the germ and first principle of religion?

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading "Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Who that has seen the mute admiration and trust in a dog's eye, as he looks up at his master, but can see in it something of a religious reverence, the germ and first principle of religion?

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading That animals have acute observation, memory, imagination, the sense of approbation, strong affections, and the power of reasoning is therefore very evident.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."

highestadjectiveUS /ˈhaɪəst/

superlative of “high” — greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading What, then, is the difference between the human soul and that of the animal in its highest development?

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading "Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Lord Bacon also speaks of a dog's reverence for his master as partaking of a religious element.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading What, then, is the difference between the human soul and that of the animal in its highest development?

imaginationnounUS /ˌɪmædʒəˈneɪʃən/

the formation of a mental image of something that is not perceived as real and is not present to the senses

From this reading That animals have acute observation, memory, imagination, the sense of approbation, strong affections, and the power of reasoning is therefore very evident.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading "Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."

insteadadverbUS /ˌɪnˈsted/

in place of, or as an alternative to

From this reading "Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading That animals have acute observation, memory, imagination, the sense of approbation, strong affections, and the power of reasoning is therefore very evident.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Who that has seen the mute admiration and trust in a dog's eye, as he looks up at his master, but can see in it something of a religious reverence, the germ and first principle of religion?

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading What, then, is the difference between the human soul and that of the animal in its highest development?

looksnounUS /lʊks/

plural of “look” — the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading Who that has seen the mute admiration and trust in a dog's eye, as he looks up at his master, but can see in it something of a religious reverence, the germ and first principle of religion?

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading Lord Bacon also speaks of a dog's reverence for his master as partaking of a religious element.

maintainedadjectiveUS /meɪnˈteɪnd/

kept in good condition

From this reading "Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading "Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."

MarkverbUS /mɑːrk/

attach a tag or label to

From this reading "Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."

masternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading Lord Bacon also speaks of a dog's reverence for his master as partaking of a religious element.

memorynounUS /ˈmem.ər.i/

The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information and knowledge.

From this reading That animals have acute observation, memory, imagination, the sense of approbation, strong affections, and the power of reasoning is therefore very evident.

muteadjectiveUS /mjuːt/

expressed without speech

From this reading Who that has seen the mute admiration and trust in a dog's eye, as he looks up at his master, but can see in it something of a religious reverence, the germ and first principle of religion?

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading "Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading "Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."

observationnounUS /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃən/

the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading That animals have acute observation, memory, imagination, the sense of approbation, strong affections, and the power of reasoning is therefore very evident.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading That animals have acute observation, memory, imagination, the sense of approbation, strong affections, and the power of reasoning is therefore very evident.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading "Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading "Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."

partaking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lord Bacon also speaks of a dog's reverence for his master as partaking of a religious element.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading That animals have acute observation, memory, imagination, the sense of approbation, strong affections, and the power of reasoning is therefore very evident.

principlenounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading Who that has seen the mute admiration and trust in a dog's eye, as he looks up at his master, but can see in it something of a religious reverence, the germ and first principle of religion?

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading "Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."

reasoningnounUS /ˈriːzənɪŋ/

thinking that is coherent and logical

From this reading That animals have acute observation, memory, imagination, the sense of approbation, strong affections, and the power of reasoning is therefore very evident.

religionnounUS /rɪˈlɪdʒən/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading Who that has seen the mute admiration and trust in a dog's eye, as he looks up at his master, but can see in it something of a religious reverence, the germ and first principle of religion?

religiousadjectiveUS /rɪˈlɪdʒəs/

concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church

From this reading Lord Bacon also speaks of a dog's reverence for his master as partaking of a religious element.

reverenceverbUS /ˈrevərəns/

regard with feelings of respect and reverence; consider hallowed or exalted or be in awe of

From this reading Lord Bacon also speaks of a dog's reverence for his master as partaking of a religious element.

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading "Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Who that has seen the mute admiration and trust in a dog's eye, as he looks up at his master, but can see in it something of a religious reverence, the germ and first principle of religion?

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Who that has seen the mute admiration and trust in a dog's eye, as he looks up at his master, but can see in it something of a religious reverence, the germ and first principle of religion?

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading That animals have acute observation, memory, imagination, the sense of approbation, strong affections, and the power of reasoning is therefore very evident.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading Who that has seen the mute admiration and trust in a dog's eye, as he looks up at his master, but can see in it something of a religious reverence, the germ and first principle of religion?

soulnounUS /soʊl/

the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading What, then, is the difference between the human soul and that of the animal in its highest development?

speaksverbUS /spiːks/

third-person singular of “speak” — express in speech

From this reading Lord Bacon also speaks of a dog's reverence for his master as partaking of a religious element.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading That animals have acute observation, memory, imagination, the sense of approbation, strong affections, and the power of reasoning is therefore very evident.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading "Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading That animals have acute observation, memory, imagination, the sense of approbation, strong affections, and the power of reasoning is therefore very evident.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading That animals have acute observation, memory, imagination, the sense of approbation, strong affections, and the power of reasoning is therefore very evident.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading What, then, is the difference between the human soul and that of the animal in its highest development?

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading That animals have acute observation, memory, imagination, the sense of approbation, strong affections, and the power of reasoning is therefore very evident.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."

trustnounUS /trʌst/

something (as property) held by one party (the trustee) for the benefit of another (the beneficiary)

From this reading Who that has seen the mute admiration and trust in a dog's eye, as he looks up at his master, but can see in it something of a religious reverence, the germ and first principle of religion?

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Who that has seen the mute admiration and trust in a dog's eye, as he looks up at his master, but can see in it something of a religious reverence, the germ and first principle of religion?

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading That animals have acute observation, memory, imagination, the sense of approbation, strong affections, and the power of reasoning is therefore very evident.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading "Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading "Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading "Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading "Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading "Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading "Mark," says he, "what a generosity and courage a dog will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a man, who to him is instead of a God--which courage he could not attain, without that confidence in a better nature than his own."

Chapter 4 of Nineteenth Century Questions by James Freeman Clarke holds 398 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Nineteenth Century Questions contain?

Chapter 4 holds 398 sentences of Nineteenth Century Questions, unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Nineteenth Century Questions by James Freeman Clarke exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 398 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Nineteenth Century Questions?

Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Nineteenth Century Questions

Common questions about reading Nineteenth Century Questions by James Freeman Clarke on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Nineteenth Century Questions?

Yes. All 3936 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44628 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Nineteenth Century Questions is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44628, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Nineteenth Century Questions take to read?

About 328 minutes of reading across 788 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Nineteenth Century Questions section by section

How to work through Nineteenth Century Questions section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 10 chapters of Nineteenth Century Questions to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Nineteenth Century Questions

Words and structures a reader meets early in Nineteenth Century Questions, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

James
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nineteenth Century Questions; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Freeman
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nineteenth Century Questions; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Clarke
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nineteenth Century Questions; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nineteenth Century Questions; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.