Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Nineteenth Century Questions
Nineteenth Century Questions

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Nineteenth Century Questions is here in full — 391 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Nineteenth Century Questions
Context Illustration Reading 1/78 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
That design exists in Nature, and that earthly phenomena actually depend on final causes as well as on efficient causes, appears from the industry of man.
Man is certainly a part of Nature, and those who accept evolution must regard him as the highest development resulting from natural processes.
Now, all over the earth, from morning till evening, men are acting for ends.
"Regard to consequences is traceable" in all their conduct.
They are moved by hope and expectation.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Nineteenth Century Questions

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Nineteenth Century Questions is here in full — 391 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/78 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
That design exists in Nature, and that earthly phenomena actually depend on final causes as well as on efficient causes, appears from the industry of man.
/ðæt dɪˈzaɪn ɪɡˈzɪsts ɪn ˈneɪtʃər ənd ðæt ˈɜːrθli fəˈnɑːmənə ˈæktʃuːəli dɪˈpend ɑːn ˈfaɪnəl ˈkɑːzəz æz wel æz ɑːn ɪˈfɪʃənt ˈkɑːzəz əˈpɪrz frʌm ðə ˈɪndəstri ʌv mæn/
Line 2
Man is certainly a part of Nature, and those who accept evolution must regard him as the highest development resulting from natural processes.
/mæn ɪz ˈsɜːrtənli ə pɑːrt ʌv ˈneɪtʃər ənd ðoʊz huː ækˈsept ˌevəˈluːʃən mʌst rɪˈɡɑːrd hɪm æz ðə ˈhaɪəst dɪˈveləpmənt rɪˈzʌltɪŋ frʌm ˈnætʃərəl ˈprɑːsesəz/
Line 3
Now, all over the earth, from morning till evening, men are acting for ends.
/naʊ ɔːl ˈoʊvər ðə ɜːrθ frʌm ˈmɔːrnɪŋ tɪl ˈiːvnɪŋ men ɑːr ˈæktɪŋ fɔːr endz/
Line 4
"Regard to consequences is traceable" in all their conduct.
/rɪˈɡɑːrd tuː ˈkɑːnsəkwensəz ɪz ˈtreɪsəbəl ɪn ɔːl ðer ˈkɑːndəkt/
Line 5
They are moved by hope and expectation.
/ðeɪ ɑːr muːvd baɪ hoʊp ənd ˌekspekˈteɪʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

efficient adjective US /ɪˈfɪʃənt/

being effective without wasting time or effort or expense

From this reading “That design exists in Nature, and that earthly phenomena actually depend on final causes as well as on efficient causes, appears from the industry of man.”

evolution noun US /ˌevəˈluːʃən/

a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)

From this reading “Man is certainly a part of Nature, and those who accept evolution must regard him as the highest development resulting from natural processes.”

exists verb US /ɪɡˈzɪsts/

third-person singular of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading “That design exists in Nature, and that earthly phenomena actually depend on final causes as well as on efficient causes, appears from the industry of man.”

industry noun US /ˈɪndəstri/

the people or companies engaged in a particular kind of commercial enterprise

From this reading “That design exists in Nature, and that earthly phenomena actually depend on final causes as well as on efficient causes, appears from the industry of man.”

phenomena noun US /fəˈnɑːmənə/

plural of “phenomenon” — any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning

From this reading “That design exists in Nature, and that earthly phenomena actually depend on final causes as well as on efficient causes, appears from the industry of man.”

processes noun US /ˈprɑːsesəz/

plural of “process” — a particular course of action intended to achieve a result

From this reading “Man is certainly a part of Nature, and those who accept evolution must regard him as the highest development resulting from natural processes.”

resulting verb US /rɪˈzʌltɪŋ/

-ing form of “result” — issue or terminate (in a specified way, state, etc.); end

From this reading “Man is certainly a part of Nature, and those who accept evolution must regard him as the highest development resulting from natural processes.”

traceable adjective US /ˈtreɪsəbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) able to be traced to

From this reading “"Regard to consequences is traceable" in all their conduct.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

depend on verb + particle

be contingent on

In this reading “That design exists in Nature, and that earthly phenomena actually depend on final causes as well as on efficient causes, appears from the industry of man.”

final causes adjective + noun counted as “final cause”

(philosophy) the end or purpose of a thing or process

In this reading “That design exists in Nature, and that earthly phenomena actually depend on final causes as well as on efficient causes, appears from the industry of man.”

till evening preposition + noun

In this reading “Now, all over the earth, from morning till evening, men are acting for ends.”

exists in verb + particle counted as “exist in”

In this reading “That design exists in Nature, and that earthly phenomena actually depend on final causes as well as on efficient causes, appears from the industry of man.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Man is certainly a part of Nature, and those who accept evolution must regard him as the highest development resulting from natural processes.

acceptverbUS /ækˈsept/

consider or hold as true

From this reading Man is certainly a part of Nature, and those who accept evolution must regard him as the highest development resulting from natural processes.

actingnounUS /ˈæktɪŋ/

the performance of a part or role in a drama

From this reading Now, all over the earth, from morning till evening, men are acting for ends.

actuallyadverbUS /ˈæktʃuːəli/

in actual fact

From this reading That design exists in Nature, and that earthly phenomena actually depend on final causes as well as on efficient causes, appears from the industry of man.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Now, all over the earth, from morning till evening, men are acting for ends.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading That design exists in Nature, and that earthly phenomena actually depend on final causes as well as on efficient causes, appears from the industry of man.

appearsverbUS /əˈpɪrz/

third-person singular of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading That design exists in Nature, and that earthly phenomena actually depend on final causes as well as on efficient causes, appears from the industry of man.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Now, all over the earth, from morning till evening, men are acting for ends.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading That design exists in Nature, and that earthly phenomena actually depend on final causes as well as on efficient causes, appears from the industry of man.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading They are moved by hope and expectation.

causesnounUS /ˈkɑːzəz/

plural of “cause” — events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading That design exists in Nature, and that earthly phenomena actually depend on final causes as well as on efficient causes, appears from the industry of man.

certainlyadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading Man is certainly a part of Nature, and those who accept evolution must regard him as the highest development resulting from natural processes.

conductverbUS /ˈkɑːndəkt/

direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading "Regard to consequences is traceable" in all their conduct.

consequencesnounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwensəz/

plural of “consequence” — a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading "Regard to consequences is traceable" in all their conduct.

dependverbUS /dɪˈpend/

be contingent upon (something that is elided)

From this reading That design exists in Nature, and that earthly phenomena actually depend on final causes as well as on efficient causes, appears from the industry of man.

designnounUS /dɪˈzaɪn/

the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline or plan)

From this reading That design exists in Nature, and that earthly phenomena actually depend on final causes as well as on efficient causes, appears from the industry of man.

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading Man is certainly a part of Nature, and those who accept evolution must regard him as the highest development resulting from natural processes.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading Now, all over the earth, from morning till evening, men are acting for ends.

earthlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrθli/

of or belonging to or characteristic of this earth as distinguished from heaven

From this reading That design exists in Nature, and that earthly phenomena actually depend on final causes as well as on efficient causes, appears from the industry of man.

efficientadjectiveUS /ɪˈfɪʃənt/

being effective without wasting time or effort or expense

From this reading That design exists in Nature, and that earthly phenomena actually depend on final causes as well as on efficient causes, appears from the industry of man.

endsnounUS /endz/

plural of “end” — either extremity of something that has length

From this reading Now, all over the earth, from morning till evening, men are acting for ends.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading Now, all over the earth, from morning till evening, men are acting for ends.

evolutionnounUS /ˌevəˈluːʃən/

a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)

From this reading Man is certainly a part of Nature, and those who accept evolution must regard him as the highest development resulting from natural processes.

existsverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪsts/

third-person singular of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading That design exists in Nature, and that earthly phenomena actually depend on final causes as well as on efficient causes, appears from the industry of man.

expectationnounUS /ˌekspekˈteɪʃən/

belief about (or mental picture of) the future

From this reading They are moved by hope and expectation.

finaladjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnəl/

occurring at or forming an end or termination

From this reading That design exists in Nature, and that earthly phenomena actually depend on final causes as well as on efficient causes, appears from the industry of man.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Now, all over the earth, from morning till evening, men are acting for ends.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading That design exists in Nature, and that earthly phenomena actually depend on final causes as well as on efficient causes, appears from the industry of man.

highestadjectiveUS /ˈhaɪəst/

superlative of “high” — greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Man is certainly a part of Nature, and those who accept evolution must regard him as the highest development resulting from natural processes.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Man is certainly a part of Nature, and those who accept evolution must regard him as the highest development resulting from natural processes.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading They are moved by hope and expectation.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading That design exists in Nature, and that earthly phenomena actually depend on final causes as well as on efficient causes, appears from the industry of man.

industrynounUS /ˈɪndəstri/

the people or companies engaged in a particular kind of commercial enterprise

From this reading That design exists in Nature, and that earthly phenomena actually depend on final causes as well as on efficient causes, appears from the industry of man.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Man is certainly a part of Nature, and those who accept evolution must regard him as the highest development resulting from natural processes.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading That design exists in Nature, and that earthly phenomena actually depend on final causes as well as on efficient causes, appears from the industry of man.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Now, all over the earth, from morning till evening, men are acting for ends.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading Now, all over the earth, from morning till evening, men are acting for ends.

movedadjectiveUS /muːvd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading They are moved by hope and expectation.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Man is certainly a part of Nature, and those who accept evolution must regard him as the highest development resulting from natural processes.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading Man is certainly a part of Nature, and those who accept evolution must regard him as the highest development resulting from natural processes.

NaturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading That design exists in Nature, and that earthly phenomena actually depend on final causes as well as on efficient causes, appears from the industry of man.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now, all over the earth, from morning till evening, men are acting for ends.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading That design exists in Nature, and that earthly phenomena actually depend on final causes as well as on efficient causes, appears from the industry of man.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading That design exists in Nature, and that earthly phenomena actually depend on final causes as well as on efficient causes, appears from the industry of man.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Now, all over the earth, from morning till evening, men are acting for ends.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Man is certainly a part of Nature, and those who accept evolution must regard him as the highest development resulting from natural processes.

phenomenanounUS /fəˈnɑːmənə/

plural of “phenomenon” — any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning

From this reading That design exists in Nature, and that earthly phenomena actually depend on final causes as well as on efficient causes, appears from the industry of man.

processesnounUS /ˈprɑːsesəz/

plural of “process” — a particular course of action intended to achieve a result

From this reading Man is certainly a part of Nature, and those who accept evolution must regard him as the highest development resulting from natural processes.

regardnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrd/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading Man is certainly a part of Nature, and those who accept evolution must regard him as the highest development resulting from natural processes.

resultingverbUS /rɪˈzʌltɪŋ/

-ing form of “result” — issue or terminate (in a specified way, state, etc.); end

From this reading Man is certainly a part of Nature, and those who accept evolution must regard him as the highest development resulting from natural processes.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading That design exists in Nature, and that earthly phenomena actually depend on final causes as well as on efficient causes, appears from the industry of man.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading That design exists in Nature, and that earthly phenomena actually depend on final causes as well as on efficient causes, appears from the industry of man.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading "Regard to consequences is traceable" in all their conduct.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They are moved by hope and expectation.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Man is certainly a part of Nature, and those who accept evolution must regard him as the highest development resulting from natural processes.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Now, all over the earth, from morning till evening, men are acting for ends.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "Regard to consequences is traceable" in all their conduct.

traceableadjectiveUS /ˈtreɪsəbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) able to be traced to

From this reading "Regard to consequences is traceable" in all their conduct.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading That design exists in Nature, and that earthly phenomena actually depend on final causes as well as on efficient causes, appears from the industry of man.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Man is certainly a part of Nature, and those who accept evolution must regard him as the highest development resulting from natural processes.

Chapter 5 of Nineteenth Century Questions by James Freeman Clarke holds 391 sentences, grouped into 79 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of Nineteenth Century Questions contain?

Chapter 5 holds 391 sentences of Nineteenth Century Questions, unabridged, divided into 79 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of Nineteenth Century Questions by James Freeman Clarke exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 391 sentences, grouped into 79 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of Nineteenth Century Questions?

Work through the 79 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 79 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Nineteenth Century Questions

Common questions about reading Nineteenth Century Questions by James Freeman Clarke on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Nineteenth Century Questions?

Yes. All 3936 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44628 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Nineteenth Century Questions is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44628, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Nineteenth Century Questions take to read?

About 328 minutes of reading across 788 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Nineteenth Century Questions section by section

How to work through Nineteenth Century Questions section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 10 chapters of Nineteenth Century Questions to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Nineteenth Century Questions

Words and structures a reader meets early in Nineteenth Century Questions, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

James
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nineteenth Century Questions; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Freeman
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nineteenth Century Questions; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Clarke
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nineteenth Century Questions; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nineteenth Century Questions; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.