Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Nineteenth Century Questions
Nineteenth Century Questions

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Nineteenth Century Questions is here in full — 407 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Nineteenth Century Questions
Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
* * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.
It is chiefly devoted to a description of the evils resulting from priestcraft in the two countries of Spain and Scotland.
It contains six chapters.
The first is on the History of the Spanish Intellect from the fifth to the middle of the nineteenth century.
The other five chapters relate to Scotland.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Nineteenth Century Questions

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Nineteenth Century Questions is here in full — 407 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
* * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.
Line 2
It is chiefly devoted to a description of the evils resulting from priestcraft in the two countries of Spain and Scotland.
Line 3
It contains six chapters.
/ɪt kənˈteɪnz sɪks ˈtʃæptərz/
Line 4
The first is on the History of the Spanish Intellect from the fifth to the middle of the nineteenth century.
/ðə fɜːrst ɪz ɑːn ðə ˈhɪstəri ʌv ðə ˈspænɪʃ ˈɪntəlekt frʌm ðə fɪfθ tuː ðə ˈmɪdəl ʌv ðə ˈnaɪnˈtiːnθ ˈsentʃəri/
Line 5
The other five chapters relate to Scotland.
/ðə ˈʌðər faɪv ˈtʃæptərz rɪˈleɪt tuː ˈskɑːtlənd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chapters noun US /ˈtʃæptərz/

plural of “chapter” — a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading “It contains six chapters.”

evils noun US /ˈiːvəlz/

plural of “evil” — morally objectionable behavior

From this reading “It is chiefly devoted to a description of the evils resulting from priestcraft in the two countries of Spain and Scotland.”

imperfect adjective US /ˌɪmˈpɜːrfɪkt/

not perfect; defective or inadequate

From this reading “* * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.”

nineteenth adjective US /ˈnaɪnˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the eighteenth in position

From this reading “The first is on the History of the Spanish Intellect from the fifth to the middle of the nineteenth century.”

publication noun US /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃən/

a copy of a printed work offered for distribution

From this reading “* * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.”

relate verb US /rɪˈleɪt/

make a logical or causal connection

From this reading “The other five chapters relate to Scotland.”

resulting verb US /rɪˈzʌltɪŋ/

-ing form of “result” — issue or terminate (in a specified way, state, etc.); end

From this reading “It is chiefly devoted to a description of the evils resulting from priestcraft in the two countries of Spain and Scotland.”

suffers verb US /ˈsʌfərz/

third-person singular of “suffer” — undergo or be subjected to

From this reading “* * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

nineteenth century adjective + noun

In this reading “The first is on the History of the Spanish Intellect from the fifth to the middle of the nineteenth century.”

second volume noun + noun

In this reading “* * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.”

evils resulting noun + noun counted as “evil result”

In this reading “It is chiefly devoted to a description of the evils resulting from priestcraft in the two countries of Spain and Scotland.”

suffers from verb + particle counted as “suffer from”

In this reading “* * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.”

at the beginning preposition + article + noun counted as “at … beginning”

In this reading “* * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It is chiefly devoted to a description of the evils resulting from priestcraft in the two countries of Spain and Scotland.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading * * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.

articlenounUS /ˈɑːrtəkəl/

nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication

From this reading * * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading * * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading * * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.

Buckle's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading * * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading * * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading The first is on the History of the Spanish Intellect from the fifth to the middle of the nineteenth century.

chaptersnounUS /ˈtʃæptərz/

plural of “chapter” — a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading It contains six chapters.

chieflyadverbUS /ˈtʃiːfli/

for the most part

From this reading It is chiefly devoted to a description of the evils resulting from priestcraft in the two countries of Spain and Scotland.

complainedverbUS /kəmˈpleɪnd/

past form of “complain” — express complaints, discontent, displeasure, or unhappiness

From this reading * * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.

containsverbUS /kənˈteɪnz/

third-person singular of “contain” — include or contain; have as a component

From this reading * * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.

countriesnounUS /ˈkʌntriz/

plural of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading It is chiefly devoted to a description of the evils resulting from priestcraft in the two countries of Spain and Scotland.

descriptionnounUS /dɪˈskrɪpʃən/

a statement that represents something in words

From this reading It is chiefly devoted to a description of the evils resulting from priestcraft in the two countries of Spain and Scotland.

devotedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvoʊtɪd/

zealous in devotion or affection

From this reading It is chiefly devoted to a description of the evils resulting from priestcraft in the two countries of Spain and Scotland.

evilsnounUS /ˈiːvəlz/

plural of “evil” — morally objectionable behavior

From this reading It is chiefly devoted to a description of the evils resulting from priestcraft in the two countries of Spain and Scotland.

fifthnounUS /fɪfθ/

a quantity of liquor equal to one fifth of a United States gallon

From this reading The first is on the History of the Spanish Intellect from the fifth to the middle of the nineteenth century.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The first is on the History of the Spanish Intellect from the fifth to the middle of the nineteenth century.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading The other five chapters relate to Scotland.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading * * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading * * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.

HistorynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading The first is on the History of the Spanish Intellect from the fifth to the middle of the nineteenth century.

imperfectadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɜːrfɪkt/

not perfect; defective or inadequate

From this reading * * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It is chiefly devoted to a description of the evils resulting from priestcraft in the two countries of Spain and Scotland.

IntellectnounUS /ˈɪntəlekt/

knowledge and intellectual ability

From this reading The first is on the History of the Spanish Intellect from the fifth to the middle of the nineteenth century.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading * * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is chiefly devoted to a description of the evils resulting from priestcraft in the two countries of Spain and Scotland.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is chiefly devoted to a description of the evils resulting from priestcraft in the two countries of Spain and Scotland.

methodnounUS /ˈmeθəd/

a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

From this reading * * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading The first is on the History of the Spanish Intellect from the fifth to the middle of the nineteenth century.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading * * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading * * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.

nineteenthadjectiveUS /ˈnaɪnˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the eighteenth in position

From this reading The first is on the History of the Spanish Intellect from the fifth to the middle of the nineteenth century.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading * * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The first is on the History of the Spanish Intellect from the fifth to the middle of the nineteenth century.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The other five chapters relate to Scotland.

priestcraftnoun

a derogatory reference to priests who use their influence to control secular or political affairs

From this reading It is chiefly devoted to a description of the evils resulting from priestcraft in the two countries of Spain and Scotland.

publicationnounUS /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃən/

a copy of a printed work offered for distribution

From this reading * * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.

recentadjectiveUS /ˈriːsənt/

new

From this reading * * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.

relateverbUS /rɪˈleɪt/

make a logical or causal connection

From this reading The other five chapters relate to Scotland.

resultingverbUS /rɪˈzʌltɪŋ/

-ing form of “result” — issue or terminate (in a specified way, state, etc.); end

From this reading It is chiefly devoted to a description of the evils resulting from priestcraft in the two countries of Spain and Scotland.

reviewnounUS /ˌriːˈvjuː/

a new appraisal or evaluation

From this reading * * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.

ScotlandnounUS /ˈskɑːtlənd/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts

From this reading It is chiefly devoted to a description of the evils resulting from priestcraft in the two countries of Spain and Scotland.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading * * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading It contains six chapters.

SpainnounUS /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading It is chiefly devoted to a description of the evils resulting from priestcraft in the two countries of Spain and Scotland.

SpanishnounUS /ˈspænɪʃ/

the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain

From this reading The first is on the History of the Spanish Intellect from the fifth to the middle of the nineteenth century.

suffersverbUS /ˈsʌfərz/

third-person singular of “suffer” — undergo or be subjected to

From this reading * * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.

suggestedverbUS /səˈdʒestɪd/

past form of “suggest” — make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading * * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading * * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading * * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is chiefly devoted to a description of the evils resulting from priestcraft in the two countries of Spain and Scotland.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading It is chiefly devoted to a description of the evils resulting from priestcraft in the two countries of Spain and Scotland.

valuenounUS /ˈvæljuː/

a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed

From this reading * * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.

volumenounUS /ˈvɑːljuːm/

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading * * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading * * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading * * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading * * * * * The second volume, the recent publication of which has suggested this second review of Mr. Buckle's work, contains much of interest and value, but suffers from the imperfect method of which we complained at the beginning of this article.

Chapter 7 of Nineteenth Century Questions by James Freeman Clarke holds 407 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Nineteenth Century Questions contain?

Chapter 7 holds 407 sentences of Nineteenth Century Questions, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Nineteenth Century Questions by James Freeman Clarke exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 407 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Nineteenth Century Questions?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Nineteenth Century Questions

Common questions about reading Nineteenth Century Questions by James Freeman Clarke on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Nineteenth Century Questions?

Yes. All 3936 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44628 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Nineteenth Century Questions is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44628, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Nineteenth Century Questions take to read?

About 328 minutes of reading across 788 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Nineteenth Century Questions section by section

How to work through Nineteenth Century Questions section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 10 chapters of Nineteenth Century Questions to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Nineteenth Century Questions

Words and structures a reader meets early in Nineteenth Century Questions, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

James
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nineteenth Century Questions; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Freeman
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nineteenth Century Questions; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Clarke
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nineteenth Century Questions; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nineteenth Century Questions; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.