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No Defense, Complete
No Defense, Complete

Chapter XX · Out of the Hands of the Philistines

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Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
That night the Maroons broke loose upon Jamaica, and began murder and depredation against which the governor's activities were no check.
Estates were invaded, and men, women and children killed, or carried into the mountains and held as hostages.
In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.
It was said he had failed to punish offences by the Maroons, and this had given them confidence, filling them with defiance.
They had one advantage not possessed by the government troops and militia--they were masters of every square rod of land in the middle and west of the island.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

No Defense, Complete

Chapter XX · Out of the Hands of the Philistines

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
That night the Maroons broke loose upon Jamaica, and began murder and depredation against which the governor's activities were no check.
Line 2
Estates were invaded, and men, women and children killed, or carried into the mountains and held as hostages.
Line 3
In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.
Line 4
It was said he had failed to punish offences by the Maroons, and this had given them confidence, filling them with defiance.
Line 5
They had one advantage not possessed by the government troops and militia--they were masters of every square rod of land in the middle and west of the island.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Against preposition US /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading “That night the Maroons broke loose upon Jamaica, and began murder and depredation against which the governor's activities were no check.”

Began noun US /began/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “That night the Maroons broke loose upon Jamaica, and began murder and depredation against which the governor's activities were no check.”

Being auxiliary verb US /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading “In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.”

Confidence noun US /ˈconfidence/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “It was said he had failed to punish offences by the Maroons, and this had given them confidence, filling them with defiance.”

Every determiner US /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading “They had one advantage not possessed by the government troops and militia--they were masters of every square rod of land in the middle and west of the island.”

Maroons noun US /ˈmaroons/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “That night the Maroons broke loose upon Jamaica, and began murder and depredation against which the governor's activities were no check.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “They had one advantage not possessed by the government troops and militia--they were masters of every square rod of land in the middle and west of the island.”

Part noun US /part/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.”

Through noun US /ˈthrough/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “That night the Maroons broke loose upon Jamaica, and began murder and depredation against which the governor's activities were no check.”

Went noun US /went/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.”

Without preposition US /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading “In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.”

All words in this reading · 89

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

activities

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That night the Maroons broke loose upon Jamaica, and began murder and depredation against which the governor's activities were no check.

advantage

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had one advantage not possessed by the government troops and militia--they were masters of every square rod of land in the middle and west of the island.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading That night the Maroons broke loose upon Jamaica, and began murder and depredation against which the governor's activities were no check.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading That night the Maroons broke loose upon Jamaica, and began murder and depredation against which the governor's activities were no check.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Estates were invaded, and men, women and children killed, or carried into the mountains and held as hostages.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.

begannounUS /began/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading That night the Maroons broke loose upon Jamaica, and began murder and depredation against which the governor's activities were no check.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.

broke

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That night the Maroons broke loose upon Jamaica, and began murder and depredation against which the governor's activities were no check.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It was said he had failed to punish offences by the Maroons, and this had given them confidence, filling them with defiance.

carried

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Estates were invaded, and men, women and children killed, or carried into the mountains and held as hostages.

check

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That night the Maroons broke loose upon Jamaica, and began murder and depredation against which the governor's activities were no check.

children

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Estates were invaded, and men, women and children killed, or carried into the mountains and held as hostages.

confidencenounUS /ˈconfidence/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading It was said he had failed to punish offences by the Maroons, and this had given them confidence, filling them with defiance.

dark

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.

defiance

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was said he had failed to punish offences by the Maroons, and this had given them confidence, filling them with defiance.

depredation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That night the Maroons broke loose upon Jamaica, and began murder and depredation against which the governor's activities were no check.

Estates

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Estates were invaded, and men, women and children killed, or carried into the mountains and held as hostages.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading They had one advantage not possessed by the government troops and militia--they were masters of every square rod of land in the middle and west of the island.

failed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was said he had failed to punish offences by the Maroons, and this had given them confidence, filling them with defiance.

filling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was said he had failed to punish offences by the Maroons, and this had given them confidence, filling them with defiance.

generally

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.

given

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was said he had failed to punish offences by the Maroons, and this had given them confidence, filling them with defiance.

government

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had one advantage not possessed by the government troops and militia--they were masters of every square rod of land in the middle and west of the island.

governor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.

governor's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That night the Maroons broke loose upon Jamaica, and began murder and depredation against which the governor's activities were no check.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It was said he had failed to punish offences by the Maroons, and this had given them confidence, filling them with defiance.

happening

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It was said he had failed to punish offences by the Maroons, and this had given them confidence, filling them with defiance.

held

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Estates were invaded, and men, women and children killed, or carried into the mountains and held as hostages.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.

hostages

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Estates were invaded, and men, women and children killed, or carried into the mountains and held as hostages.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Estates were invaded, and men, women and children killed, or carried into the mountains and held as hostages.

invaded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Estates were invaded, and men, women and children killed, or carried into the mountains and held as hostages.

island

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was said he had failed to punish offences by the Maroons, and this had given them confidence, filling them with defiance.

Jamaica

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That night the Maroons broke loose upon Jamaica, and began murder and depredation against which the governor's activities were no check.

killed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Estates were invaded, and men, women and children killed, or carried into the mountains and held as hostages.

land

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had one advantage not possessed by the government troops and militia--they were masters of every square rod of land in the middle and west of the island.

loose

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That night the Maroons broke loose upon Jamaica, and began murder and depredation against which the governor's activities were no check.

MaroonsnounUS /ˈmaroons/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading That night the Maroons broke loose upon Jamaica, and began murder and depredation against which the governor's activities were no check.

masters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had one advantage not possessed by the government troops and militia--they were masters of every square rod of land in the middle and west of the island.

men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Estates were invaded, and men, women and children killed, or carried into the mountains and held as hostages.

middle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.

militia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had one advantage not possessed by the government troops and militia--they were masters of every square rod of land in the middle and west of the island.

mountains

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Estates were invaded, and men, women and children killed, or carried into the mountains and held as hostages.

movements

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.

murder

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That night the Maroons broke loose upon Jamaica, and began murder and depredation against which the governor's activities were no check.

neglect

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.

night

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That night the Maroons broke loose upon Jamaica, and began murder and depredation against which the governor's activities were no check.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading That night the Maroons broke loose upon Jamaica, and began murder and depredation against which the governor's activities were no check.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading They had one advantage not possessed by the government troops and militia--they were masters of every square rod of land in the middle and west of the island.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.

offences

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was said he had failed to punish offences by the Maroons, and this had given them confidence, filling them with defiance.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading They had one advantage not possessed by the government troops and militia--they were masters of every square rod of land in the middle and west of the island.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Estates were invaded, and men, women and children killed, or carried into the mountains and held as hostages.

partnounUS /part/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.

people

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.

planters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.

possessed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had one advantage not possessed by the government troops and militia--they were masters of every square rod of land in the middle and west of the island.

punish

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was said he had failed to punish offences by the Maroons, and this had given them confidence, filling them with defiance.

railed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.

rod

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had one advantage not possessed by the government troops and militia--they were masters of every square rod of land in the middle and west of the island.

ruinous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.

said

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.

square

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had one advantage not possessed by the government troops and militia--they were masters of every square rod of land in the middle and west of the island.

stayed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading That night the Maroons broke loose upon Jamaica, and began murder and depredation against which the governor's activities were no check.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading That night the Maroons broke loose upon Jamaica, and began murder and depredation against which the governor's activities were no check.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading It was said he had failed to punish offences by the Maroons, and this had given them confidence, filling them with defiance.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They had one advantage not possessed by the government troops and militia--they were masters of every square rod of land in the middle and west of the island.

things

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading It was said he had failed to punish offences by the Maroons, and this had given them confidence, filling them with defiance.

throughnounUS /ˈthrough/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was said he had failed to punish offences by the Maroons, and this had given them confidence, filling them with defiance.

troops

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had one advantage not possessed by the government troops and militia--they were masters of every square rod of land in the middle and west of the island.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading That night the Maroons broke loose upon Jamaica, and began murder and depredation against which the governor's activities were no check.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was said he had failed to punish offences by the Maroons, and this had given them confidence, filling them with defiance.

wentnounUS /went/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading That night the Maroons broke loose upon Jamaica, and began murder and depredation against which the governor's activities were no check.

west

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had one advantage not possessed by the government troops and militia--they were masters of every square rod of land in the middle and west of the island.

western

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading That night the Maroons broke loose upon Jamaica, and began murder and depredation against which the governor's activities were no check.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It was said he had failed to punish offences by the Maroons, and this had given them confidence, filling them with defiance.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading In the middle and western part of the island the ruinous movements went on without being stayed; planters and people generally railed at the governor, and said that through his neglect these dark things were happening.

women

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Estates were invaded, and men, women and children killed, or carried into the mountains and held as hostages.