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North and South
North and South

Chapter XVII

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Context Illustration Reading 1/68 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A BLOW AND ITS CONSEQUENCES.
“But work grew scarce, while bread grew dear, And wages lessened, too; For Irish hordes were bidders here, Our half-paid work to do.”
CORN LAW RHYMES.
Margaret was shown into the drawing-room.
It had returned into its normal state of bag and covering.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

North and South

Chapter XVII

Reading 1/68 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A BLOW AND ITS CONSEQUENCES.
Line 2
“But work grew scarce, while bread grew dear, And wages lessened, too; For Irish hordes were bidders here, Our half-paid work to do.”
Line 3
CORN LAW RHYMES.
Line 4
Margaret was shown into the drawing-room.
Line 5
It had returned into its normal state of bag and covering.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Here noun US /here/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading ““But work grew scarce, while bread grew dear, And wages lessened, too; For Irish hordes were bidders here, Our half-paid work to do.””

Returned noun US /ˈreturned/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “It had returned into its normal state of bag and covering.”

Scarce adjective US /skɛrs/

hard to find or in short supply

From this reading ““But work grew scarce, while bread grew dear, And wages lessened, too; For Irish hordes were bidders here, Our half-paid work to do.””

Wages plural noun US /ˈweɪdʒɪz/

money or a reward earned for work

From this reading ““But work grew scarce, while bread grew dear, And wages lessened, too; For Irish hordes were bidders here, Our half-paid work to do.””

While conjunction US /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading ““But work grew scarce, while bread grew dear, And wages lessened, too; For Irish hordes were bidders here, Our half-paid work to do.””

All words in this reading · 42

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A BLOW AND ITS CONSEQUENCES.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A BLOW AND ITS CONSEQUENCES.

bag

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It had returned into its normal state of bag and covering.

bidders

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “But work grew scarce, while bread grew dear, And wages lessened, too; For Irish hordes were bidders here, Our half-paid work to do.”

BLOW

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A BLOW AND ITS CONSEQUENCES.

bread

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “But work grew scarce, while bread grew dear, And wages lessened, too; For Irish hordes were bidders here, Our half-paid work to do.”

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading “But work grew scarce, while bread grew dear, And wages lessened, too; For Irish hordes were bidders here, Our half-paid work to do.”

CONSEQUENCES

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A BLOW AND ITS CONSEQUENCES.

CORN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CORN LAW RHYMES.

covering

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It had returned into its normal state of bag and covering.

dear

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “But work grew scarce, while bread grew dear, And wages lessened, too; For Irish hordes were bidders here, Our half-paid work to do.”

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading “But work grew scarce, while bread grew dear, And wages lessened, too; For Irish hordes were bidders here, Our half-paid work to do.”

drawing-room

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Margaret was shown into the drawing-room.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading “But work grew scarce, while bread grew dear, And wages lessened, too; For Irish hordes were bidders here, Our half-paid work to do.”

grew

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “But work grew scarce, while bread grew dear, And wages lessened, too; For Irish hordes were bidders here, Our half-paid work to do.”

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It had returned into its normal state of bag and covering.

half-paid

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “But work grew scarce, while bread grew dear, And wages lessened, too; For Irish hordes were bidders here, Our half-paid work to do.”

herenounUS /here/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “But work grew scarce, while bread grew dear, And wages lessened, too; For Irish hordes were bidders here, Our half-paid work to do.”

hordes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “But work grew scarce, while bread grew dear, And wages lessened, too; For Irish hordes were bidders here, Our half-paid work to do.”

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Margaret was shown into the drawing-room.

Irish

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “But work grew scarce, while bread grew dear, And wages lessened, too; For Irish hordes were bidders here, Our half-paid work to do.”

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It had returned into its normal state of bag and covering.

ITSdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading A BLOW AND ITS CONSEQUENCES.

LAW

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CORN LAW RHYMES.

lessened

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “But work grew scarce, while bread grew dear, And wages lessened, too; For Irish hordes were bidders here, Our half-paid work to do.”

Margaret

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Margaret was shown into the drawing-room.

normal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It had returned into its normal state of bag and covering.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It had returned into its normal state of bag and covering.

OurdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading “But work grew scarce, while bread grew dear, And wages lessened, too; For Irish hordes were bidders here, Our half-paid work to do.”

returnednounUS /ˈreturned/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading It had returned into its normal state of bag and covering.

RHYMES

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CORN LAW RHYMES.

scarceadjectiveUS /skɛrs/

hard to find or in short supply

From this reading “But work grew scarce, while bread grew dear, And wages lessened, too; For Irish hordes were bidders here, Our half-paid work to do.”

shown

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Margaret was shown into the drawing-room.

state

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It had returned into its normal state of bag and covering.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Margaret was shown into the drawing-room.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “But work grew scarce, while bread grew dear, And wages lessened, too; For Irish hordes were bidders here, Our half-paid work to do.”

too

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “But work grew scarce, while bread grew dear, And wages lessened, too; For Irish hordes were bidders here, Our half-paid work to do.”

wagesplural nounUS /ˈweɪdʒɪz/

money or a reward earned for work

From this reading “But work grew scarce, while bread grew dear, And wages lessened, too; For Irish hordes were bidders here, Our half-paid work to do.”

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Margaret was shown into the drawing-room.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading “But work grew scarce, while bread grew dear, And wages lessened, too; For Irish hordes were bidders here, Our half-paid work to do.”

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading “But work grew scarce, while bread grew dear, And wages lessened, too; For Irish hordes were bidders here, Our half-paid work to do.”

work

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “But work grew scarce, while bread grew dear, And wages lessened, too; For Irish hordes were bidders here, Our half-paid work to do.”