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Notes on Life & Letters
Notes on Life & Letters

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Notes on Life & Letters is here in full — 60 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Notes on Life & Letters
Context Illustration Reading 8/12 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.
And as they relate to events of which everyone has a date, they are in the nature of sign-posts pointing out the direction my thoughts were compelled to take at the various cross- roads.
If anybody detects any sort of consistency in the choice, this will be only proof positive that wisdom had nothing to do with it.
Whether right or wrong, instinct alone is invariable; a fact which only adds a deeper shade to its inherent mystery.
The appearance of intellectuality these pieces may present at first sight is merely the result of the arrangement of words.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Notes on Life & Letters

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Notes on Life & Letters is here in full — 60 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 8/12 · 5 reading units · Lines 36–40

Line 1
The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.
/ðə pɑːrt aɪ hæv ˈventʃərd fɔːr ˈʃɔːrtnəs seɪk tuː kɔːl laɪf meɪ pərˈhæps ˈdʒʌstəfaɪ ˌɪtˈself baɪ ðə ɪˈmoʊʃənəl sɪnˈserəti ʌv ðə ˈfiːlɪŋz tuː wɪtʃ ðə ˈveriəs ˈpeɪpərz ˌɪnˈkluːdəd ˈʌndər ðæt hed oʊ ðer ˈɔːrədʒən/
Line 2
And as they relate to events of which everyone has a date, they are in the nature of sign-posts pointing out the direction my thoughts were compelled to take at the various cross- roads.
Line 3
If anybody detects any sort of consistency in the choice, this will be only proof positive that wisdom had nothing to do with it.
/ɪf ˈenibədi dɪˈtekts ˈeni sɔːrt ʌv kənˈsɪstənsi ɪn ðə tʃɔɪs ðɪs wɪl biː ˈoʊnli pruːf ˈpɑːzətɪv ðæt ˈwɪzdəm hæd ˈnʌθɪŋ tuː duː wɪð ɪt/
Line 4
Whether right or wrong, instinct alone is invariable; a fact which only adds a deeper shade to its inherent mystery.
/ˈweðər raɪt ɔːr rɔːŋ ˈɪnstɪŋkt əˈloʊn ɪz ˌɪnˈveriəbəl ə fækt wɪtʃ ˈoʊnli ædz ə ˈdiːpər ʃeɪd tuː ɪts ɪnˈhɪrənt ˈmɪstəri/
Line 5
The appearance of intellectuality these pieces may present at first sight is merely the result of the arrangement of words.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adds noun US /ædz/

plural of “add” — a condition (mostly in boys) characterized by behavioral and learning disorders

From this reading “Whether right or wrong, instinct alone is invariable; a fact which only adds a deeper shade to its inherent mystery.”

consistency noun US /kənˈsɪstənsi/

the property of holding together and retaining its shape

From this reading “If anybody detects any sort of consistency in the choice, this will be only proof positive that wisdom had nothing to do with it.”

detects verb US /dɪˈtekts/

third-person singular of “detect” — discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading “If anybody detects any sort of consistency in the choice, this will be only proof positive that wisdom had nothing to do with it.”

emotional adjective US /ɪˈmoʊʃənəl/

determined or actuated by emotion rather than reason

From this reading “The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.”

included adjective US /ˌɪnˈkluːdəd/

enclosed in the same envelope or package

From this reading “The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.”

inherent adjective US /ɪnˈhɪrənt/

existing as an essential constituent or characteristic

From this reading “Whether right or wrong, instinct alone is invariable; a fact which only adds a deeper shade to its inherent mystery.”

invariable adjective US /ˌɪnˈveriəbəl/

not liable to or capable of change

From this reading “Whether right or wrong, instinct alone is invariable; a fact which only adds a deeper shade to its inherent mystery.”

shortness noun US /ˈʃɔːrtnəs/

the property of being of short spatial extent

From this reading “The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.”

All words in this reading · 99

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading And as they relate to events of which everyone has a date, they are in the nature of sign-posts pointing out the direction my thoughts were compelled to take at the various cross- roads.

addsnounUS /ædz/

plural of “add” — a condition (mostly in boys) characterized by behavioral and learning disorders

From this reading Whether right or wrong, instinct alone is invariable; a fact which only adds a deeper shade to its inherent mystery.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading Whether right or wrong, instinct alone is invariable; a fact which only adds a deeper shade to its inherent mystery.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And as they relate to events of which everyone has a date, they are in the nature of sign-posts pointing out the direction my thoughts were compelled to take at the various cross- roads.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading If anybody detects any sort of consistency in the choice, this will be only proof positive that wisdom had nothing to do with it.

anybodypronounUS /ˈenibədi/

any person at all

From this reading If anybody detects any sort of consistency in the choice, this will be only proof positive that wisdom had nothing to do with it.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading The appearance of intellectuality these pieces may present at first sight is merely the result of the arrangement of words.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading And as they relate to events of which everyone has a date, they are in the nature of sign-posts pointing out the direction my thoughts were compelled to take at the various cross- roads.

arrangementnounUS /ərˈeɪndʒmənt/

the thing arranged or agreed to

From this reading The appearance of intellectuality these pieces may present at first sight is merely the result of the arrangement of words.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading And as they relate to events of which everyone has a date, they are in the nature of sign-posts pointing out the direction my thoughts were compelled to take at the various cross- roads.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading And as they relate to events of which everyone has a date, they are in the nature of sign-posts pointing out the direction my thoughts were compelled to take at the various cross- roads.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading If anybody detects any sort of consistency in the choice, this will be only proof positive that wisdom had nothing to do with it.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.

choicenounUS /tʃɔɪs/

the person or thing chosen or selected

From this reading If anybody detects any sort of consistency in the choice, this will be only proof positive that wisdom had nothing to do with it.

compelledverbUS /kəmˈpeld/

inflected form of “compel” — force somebody to do something

From this reading And as they relate to events of which everyone has a date, they are in the nature of sign-posts pointing out the direction my thoughts were compelled to take at the various cross- roads.

consistencynounUS /kənˈsɪstənsi/

the property of holding together and retaining its shape

From this reading If anybody detects any sort of consistency in the choice, this will be only proof positive that wisdom had nothing to do with it.

crossverbUS /krɔːs/

travel across or pass over

From this reading And as they relate to events of which everyone has a date, they are in the nature of sign-posts pointing out the direction my thoughts were compelled to take at the various cross- roads.

datenounUS /deɪt/

the specified day of the month

From this reading And as they relate to events of which everyone has a date, they are in the nature of sign-posts pointing out the direction my thoughts were compelled to take at the various cross- roads.

deeperadverbUS /ˈdiːpər/

comparative of “deeply” — to a great depth psychologically or emotionally

From this reading Whether right or wrong, instinct alone is invariable; a fact which only adds a deeper shade to its inherent mystery.

detectsverbUS /dɪˈtekts/

third-person singular of “detect” — discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading If anybody detects any sort of consistency in the choice, this will be only proof positive that wisdom had nothing to do with it.

directionnounUS /dərˈekʃən/

a line leading to a place or point

From this reading And as they relate to events of which everyone has a date, they are in the nature of sign-posts pointing out the direction my thoughts were compelled to take at the various cross- roads.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading If anybody detects any sort of consistency in the choice, this will be only proof positive that wisdom had nothing to do with it.

emotionaladjectiveUS /ɪˈmoʊʃənəl/

determined or actuated by emotion rather than reason

From this reading The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.

eventsnounUS /ɪˈvents/

plural of “event” — something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading And as they relate to events of which everyone has a date, they are in the nature of sign-posts pointing out the direction my thoughts were compelled to take at the various cross- roads.

everyonepronounUS /ˈevriwʌn/

every person

From this reading And as they relate to events of which everyone has a date, they are in the nature of sign-posts pointing out the direction my thoughts were compelled to take at the various cross- roads.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading Whether right or wrong, instinct alone is invariable; a fact which only adds a deeper shade to its inherent mystery.

feelingsnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋz/

emotional or moral sensitivity (especially in relation to personal principles or dignity)

From this reading The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The appearance of intellectuality these pieces may present at first sight is merely the result of the arrangement of words.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading If anybody detects any sort of consistency in the choice, this will be only proof positive that wisdom had nothing to do with it.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading And as they relate to events of which everyone has a date, they are in the nature of sign-posts pointing out the direction my thoughts were compelled to take at the various cross- roads.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If anybody detects any sort of consistency in the choice, this will be only proof positive that wisdom had nothing to do with it.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading And as they relate to events of which everyone has a date, they are in the nature of sign-posts pointing out the direction my thoughts were compelled to take at the various cross- roads.

includedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkluːdəd/

enclosed in the same envelope or package

From this reading The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.

inherentadjectiveUS /ɪnˈhɪrənt/

existing as an essential constituent or characteristic

From this reading Whether right or wrong, instinct alone is invariable; a fact which only adds a deeper shade to its inherent mystery.

instinctnounUS /ˈɪnstɪŋkt/

inborn pattern of behavior often responsive to specific stimuli

From this reading Whether right or wrong, instinct alone is invariable; a fact which only adds a deeper shade to its inherent mystery.

intellectuality

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The appearance of intellectuality these pieces may present at first sight is merely the result of the arrangement of words.

invariableadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈveriəbəl/

not liable to or capable of change

From this reading Whether right or wrong, instinct alone is invariable; a fact which only adds a deeper shade to its inherent mystery.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Whether right or wrong, instinct alone is invariable; a fact which only adds a deeper shade to its inherent mystery.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading If anybody detects any sort of consistency in the choice, this will be only proof positive that wisdom had nothing to do with it.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Whether right or wrong, instinct alone is invariable; a fact which only adds a deeper shade to its inherent mystery.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.

justifyverbUS /ˈdʒʌstəfaɪ/

show to be right by providing justification or proof

From this reading The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.

LifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.

merelyadverbUS /ˈmɪrli/

and nothing more

From this reading The appearance of intellectuality these pieces may present at first sight is merely the result of the arrangement of words.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading And as they relate to events of which everyone has a date, they are in the nature of sign-posts pointing out the direction my thoughts were compelled to take at the various cross- roads.

mysterynounUS /ˈmɪstəri/

something that baffles understanding and cannot be explained

From this reading Whether right or wrong, instinct alone is invariable; a fact which only adds a deeper shade to its inherent mystery.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading And as they relate to events of which everyone has a date, they are in the nature of sign-posts pointing out the direction my thoughts were compelled to take at the various cross- roads.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading If anybody detects any sort of consistency in the choice, this will be only proof positive that wisdom had nothing to do with it.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading If anybody detects any sort of consistency in the choice, this will be only proof positive that wisdom had nothing to do with it.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Whether right or wrong, instinct alone is invariable; a fact which only adds a deeper shade to its inherent mystery.

originnounUS /ˈɔːrədʒən/

the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading And as they relate to events of which everyone has a date, they are in the nature of sign-posts pointing out the direction my thoughts were compelled to take at the various cross- roads.

oweverbUS /oʊ/

be obliged to pay or repay

From this reading The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.

papersnounUS /ˈpeɪpərz/

writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)

From this reading The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.

piecesnounUS /ˈpiːsəz/

plural of “piece” — a separate part of a whole

From this reading The appearance of intellectuality these pieces may present at first sight is merely the result of the arrangement of words.

pointingverbUS /ˈpɔɪntɪŋ/

-ing form of “point” — indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively

From this reading And as they relate to events of which everyone has a date, they are in the nature of sign-posts pointing out the direction my thoughts were compelled to take at the various cross- roads.

positiveadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːzətɪv/

characterized by or displaying affirmation or acceptance or certainty etc.

From this reading If anybody detects any sort of consistency in the choice, this will be only proof positive that wisdom had nothing to do with it.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading The appearance of intellectuality these pieces may present at first sight is merely the result of the arrangement of words.

proofnounUS /pruːf/

any factual evidence that helps to establish the truth of something

From this reading If anybody detects any sort of consistency in the choice, this will be only proof positive that wisdom had nothing to do with it.

relateverbUS /rɪˈleɪt/

make a logical or causal connection

From this reading And as they relate to events of which everyone has a date, they are in the nature of sign-posts pointing out the direction my thoughts were compelled to take at the various cross- roads.

resultnounUS /rɪˈzʌlt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading The appearance of intellectuality these pieces may present at first sight is merely the result of the arrangement of words.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading Whether right or wrong, instinct alone is invariable; a fact which only adds a deeper shade to its inherent mystery.

roadsnounUS /roʊdz/

a partly sheltered anchorage

From this reading And as they relate to events of which everyone has a date, they are in the nature of sign-posts pointing out the direction my thoughts were compelled to take at the various cross- roads.

sakenounUS /seɪk/

a reason for wanting something done

From this reading The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.

shadenounUS /ʃeɪd/

relative darkness caused by light rays being intercepted by an opaque body

From this reading Whether right or wrong, instinct alone is invariable; a fact which only adds a deeper shade to its inherent mystery.

shortnessnounUS /ˈʃɔːrtnəs/

the property of being of short spatial extent

From this reading The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading The appearance of intellectuality these pieces may present at first sight is merely the result of the arrangement of words.

sign-posts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And as they relate to events of which everyone has a date, they are in the nature of sign-posts pointing out the direction my thoughts were compelled to take at the various cross- roads.

sinceritynounUS /sɪnˈserəti/

an earnest and sincere feeling

From this reading The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading If anybody detects any sort of consistency in the choice, this will be only proof positive that wisdom had nothing to do with it.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading And as they relate to events of which everyone has a date, they are in the nature of sign-posts pointing out the direction my thoughts were compelled to take at the various cross- roads.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The appearance of intellectuality these pieces may present at first sight is merely the result of the arrangement of words.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading And as they relate to events of which everyone has a date, they are in the nature of sign-posts pointing out the direction my thoughts were compelled to take at the various cross- roads.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading If anybody detects any sort of consistency in the choice, this will be only proof positive that wisdom had nothing to do with it.

thoughtsnounUS /θɔːts/

plural of “thought” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading And as they relate to events of which everyone has a date, they are in the nature of sign-posts pointing out the direction my thoughts were compelled to take at the various cross- roads.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.

venturedverbUS /ˈventʃərd/

past form of “venture” — proceed somewhere despite the risk of possible dangers

From this reading The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading And as they relate to events of which everyone has a date, they are in the nature of sign-posts pointing out the direction my thoughts were compelled to take at the various cross- roads.

WhetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading Whether right or wrong, instinct alone is invariable; a fact which only adds a deeper shade to its inherent mystery.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The part I have ventured, for shortness' sake, to call Life, may perhaps justify itself by the emotional sincerity of the feelings to which the various papers included under that head owe their origin.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading If anybody detects any sort of consistency in the choice, this will be only proof positive that wisdom had nothing to do with it.

wisdomnounUS /ˈwɪzdəm/

accumulated knowledge or erudition or enlightenment

From this reading If anybody detects any sort of consistency in the choice, this will be only proof positive that wisdom had nothing to do with it.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading If anybody detects any sort of consistency in the choice, this will be only proof positive that wisdom had nothing to do with it.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading The appearance of intellectuality these pieces may present at first sight is merely the result of the arrangement of words.

wrongadjectiveUS /rɔːŋ/

not correct; not in conformity with fact or truth

From this reading Whether right or wrong, instinct alone is invariable; a fact which only adds a deeper shade to its inherent mystery.

Chapter 1 of Notes on Life & Letters by Joseph Conrad holds 60 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Notes on Life & Letters contain?

Chapter 1 holds 60 sentences of Notes on Life & Letters, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Notes on Life & Letters by Joseph Conrad exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 60 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Notes on Life & Letters?

Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Notes on Life & Letters

Common questions about reading Notes on Life & Letters by Joseph Conrad on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Notes on Life & Letters?

Yes. All 3415 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1143 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Notes on Life & Letters is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1143, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Notes on Life & Letters take to read?

About 284 minutes of reading across 683 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Notes on Life & Letters section by section

How to work through Notes on Life & Letters section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 3 chapters of Notes on Life & Letters to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Notes on Life & Letters

Words and structures a reader meets early in Notes on Life & Letters, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Don't
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Notes on Life & Letters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Whether
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Notes on Life & Letters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ought
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Notes on Life & Letters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Offer
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Notes on Life & Letters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.