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Notes on Life & Letters
Notes on Life & Letters

Chapter II

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Context Illustration Reading 1/86 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
BOOKS--1905.
"I have not read this author's books, and if I have read them I have forgotten what they were about."
These words are reported as having been uttered in our midst not a hundred years ago, publicly, from the seat of justice, by a civic magistrate.
The words of our municipal rulers have a solemnity and importance far above the words of other mortals, because our municipal rulers more than any other variety of our governors and masters represent the average wisdom, temperament, sense and virtue of the community.
This generalisation, it ought to be promptly said in the interests of eternal justice (and recent friendship), does not apply to the United States of America.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Notes on Life & Letters

Chapter II

Reading 1/86 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
BOOKS--1905.
Line 2
"I have not read this author's books, and if I have read them I have forgotten what they were about."
Line 3
These words are reported as having been uttered in our midst not a hundred years ago, publicly, from the seat of justice, by a civic magistrate.
Line 4
The words of our municipal rulers have a solemnity and importance far above the words of other mortals, because our municipal rulers more than any other variety of our governors and masters represent the average wisdom, temperament, sense and virtue of the community.
Line 5
This generalisation, it ought to be promptly said in the interests of eternal justice (and recent friendship), does not apply to the United States of America.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

About preposition US /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading “"I have not read this author's books, and if I have read them I have forgotten what they were about."”

Above preposition US /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading “The words of our municipal rulers have a solemnity and importance far above the words of other mortals, because our municipal rulers more than any other variety of our governors and masters represent the average wisdom, temperament, sense and virtue of the community.”

Because conjunction US /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading “The words of our municipal rulers have a solemnity and importance far above the words of other mortals, because our municipal rulers more than any other variety of our governors and masters represent the average wisdom, temperament, sense and virtue of the community.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “These words are reported as having been uttered in our midst not a hundred years ago, publicly, from the seat of justice, by a civic magistrate.”

BOOKS noun US /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading “BOOKS--1905.”

Forgotten adjective US /fərˈɡɑːt.n̩/

Not remembered; lapsed from memory.

From this reading “"I have not read this author's books, and if I have read them I have forgotten what they were about."”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “"I have not read this author's books, and if I have read them I have forgotten what they were about."”

Having auxiliary verb US /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading “These words are reported as having been uttered in our midst not a hundred years ago, publicly, from the seat of justice, by a civic magistrate.”

Ought modal verb US /ɔːt/

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading “This generalisation, it ought to be promptly said in the interests of eternal justice (and recent friendship), does not apply to the United States of America.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “These words are reported as having been uttered in our midst not a hundred years ago, publicly, from the seat of justice, by a civic magistrate.”

Uttered noun US /ˈuttered/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “These words are reported as having been uttered in our midst not a hundred years ago, publicly, from the seat of justice, by a civic magistrate.”

Virtue noun US /ˈvɝː.tʃuː/

Moral excellence and goodness of character; the highest human attainment in Stoic philosophy.

From this reading “The words of our municipal rulers have a solemnity and importance far above the words of other mortals, because our municipal rulers more than any other variety of our governors and masters represent the average wisdom, temperament, sense and virtue of the community.”

All words in this reading · 78

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1905

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BOOKS--1905.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading These words are reported as having been uttered in our midst not a hundred years ago, publicly, from the seat of justice, by a civic magistrate.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading "I have not read this author's books, and if I have read them I have forgotten what they were about."

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading The words of our municipal rulers have a solemnity and importance far above the words of other mortals, because our municipal rulers more than any other variety of our governors and masters represent the average wisdom, temperament, sense and virtue of the community.

ago

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These words are reported as having been uttered in our midst not a hundred years ago, publicly, from the seat of justice, by a civic magistrate.

America

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This generalisation, it ought to be promptly said in the interests of eternal justice (and recent friendship), does not apply to the United States of America.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "I have not read this author's books, and if I have read them I have forgotten what they were about."

any

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The words of our municipal rulers have a solemnity and importance far above the words of other mortals, because our municipal rulers more than any other variety of our governors and masters represent the average wisdom, temperament, sense and virtue of the community.

apply

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This generalisation, it ought to be promptly said in the interests of eternal justice (and recent friendship), does not apply to the United States of America.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These words are reported as having been uttered in our midst not a hundred years ago, publicly, from the seat of justice, by a civic magistrate.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading These words are reported as having been uttered in our midst not a hundred years ago, publicly, from the seat of justice, by a civic magistrate.

author's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I have not read this author's books, and if I have read them I have forgotten what they were about."

average

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The words of our municipal rulers have a solemnity and importance far above the words of other mortals, because our municipal rulers more than any other variety of our governors and masters represent the average wisdom, temperament, sense and virtue of the community.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading This generalisation, it ought to be promptly said in the interests of eternal justice (and recent friendship), does not apply to the United States of America.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading The words of our municipal rulers have a solemnity and importance far above the words of other mortals, because our municipal rulers more than any other variety of our governors and masters represent the average wisdom, temperament, sense and virtue of the community.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading These words are reported as having been uttered in our midst not a hundred years ago, publicly, from the seat of justice, by a civic magistrate.

BOOKSnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading BOOKS--1905.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading These words are reported as having been uttered in our midst not a hundred years ago, publicly, from the seat of justice, by a civic magistrate.

civic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These words are reported as having been uttered in our midst not a hundred years ago, publicly, from the seat of justice, by a civic magistrate.

community

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The words of our municipal rulers have a solemnity and importance far above the words of other mortals, because our municipal rulers more than any other variety of our governors and masters represent the average wisdom, temperament, sense and virtue of the community.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This generalisation, it ought to be promptly said in the interests of eternal justice (and recent friendship), does not apply to the United States of America.

eternal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This generalisation, it ought to be promptly said in the interests of eternal justice (and recent friendship), does not apply to the United States of America.

far

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The words of our municipal rulers have a solemnity and importance far above the words of other mortals, because our municipal rulers more than any other variety of our governors and masters represent the average wisdom, temperament, sense and virtue of the community.

forgottenadjectiveUS /fərˈɡɑːt.n̩/

Not remembered; lapsed from memory.

From this reading "I have not read this author's books, and if I have read them I have forgotten what they were about."

friendship

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This generalisation, it ought to be promptly said in the interests of eternal justice (and recent friendship), does not apply to the United States of America.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading These words are reported as having been uttered in our midst not a hundred years ago, publicly, from the seat of justice, by a civic magistrate.

generalisation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This generalisation, it ought to be promptly said in the interests of eternal justice (and recent friendship), does not apply to the United States of America.

governors

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The words of our municipal rulers have a solemnity and importance far above the words of other mortals, because our municipal rulers more than any other variety of our governors and masters represent the average wisdom, temperament, sense and virtue of the community.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading "I have not read this author's books, and if I have read them I have forgotten what they were about."

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading These words are reported as having been uttered in our midst not a hundred years ago, publicly, from the seat of justice, by a civic magistrate.

hundred

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These words are reported as having been uttered in our midst not a hundred years ago, publicly, from the seat of justice, by a civic magistrate.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "I have not read this author's books, and if I have read them I have forgotten what they were about."

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading "I have not read this author's books, and if I have read them I have forgotten what they were about."

importance

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The words of our municipal rulers have a solemnity and importance far above the words of other mortals, because our municipal rulers more than any other variety of our governors and masters represent the average wisdom, temperament, sense and virtue of the community.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading These words are reported as having been uttered in our midst not a hundred years ago, publicly, from the seat of justice, by a civic magistrate.

interests

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This generalisation, it ought to be promptly said in the interests of eternal justice (and recent friendship), does not apply to the United States of America.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading This generalisation, it ought to be promptly said in the interests of eternal justice (and recent friendship), does not apply to the United States of America.

justice

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These words are reported as having been uttered in our midst not a hundred years ago, publicly, from the seat of justice, by a civic magistrate.

magistrate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These words are reported as having been uttered in our midst not a hundred years ago, publicly, from the seat of justice, by a civic magistrate.

masters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The words of our municipal rulers have a solemnity and importance far above the words of other mortals, because our municipal rulers more than any other variety of our governors and masters represent the average wisdom, temperament, sense and virtue of the community.

midst

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These words are reported as having been uttered in our midst not a hundred years ago, publicly, from the seat of justice, by a civic magistrate.

more

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The words of our municipal rulers have a solemnity and importance far above the words of other mortals, because our municipal rulers more than any other variety of our governors and masters represent the average wisdom, temperament, sense and virtue of the community.

mortals

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The words of our municipal rulers have a solemnity and importance far above the words of other mortals, because our municipal rulers more than any other variety of our governors and masters represent the average wisdom, temperament, sense and virtue of the community.

municipal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The words of our municipal rulers have a solemnity and importance far above the words of other mortals, because our municipal rulers more than any other variety of our governors and masters represent the average wisdom, temperament, sense and virtue of the community.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading "I have not read this author's books, and if I have read them I have forgotten what they were about."

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading These words are reported as having been uttered in our midst not a hundred years ago, publicly, from the seat of justice, by a civic magistrate.

other

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The words of our municipal rulers have a solemnity and importance far above the words of other mortals, because our municipal rulers more than any other variety of our governors and masters represent the average wisdom, temperament, sense and virtue of the community.

oughtmodal verbUS /ɔːt/

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading This generalisation, it ought to be promptly said in the interests of eternal justice (and recent friendship), does not apply to the United States of America.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading These words are reported as having been uttered in our midst not a hundred years ago, publicly, from the seat of justice, by a civic magistrate.

promptly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This generalisation, it ought to be promptly said in the interests of eternal justice (and recent friendship), does not apply to the United States of America.

publicly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These words are reported as having been uttered in our midst not a hundred years ago, publicly, from the seat of justice, by a civic magistrate.

read

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I have not read this author's books, and if I have read them I have forgotten what they were about."

recent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This generalisation, it ought to be promptly said in the interests of eternal justice (and recent friendship), does not apply to the United States of America.

reported

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These words are reported as having been uttered in our midst not a hundred years ago, publicly, from the seat of justice, by a civic magistrate.

represent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The words of our municipal rulers have a solemnity and importance far above the words of other mortals, because our municipal rulers more than any other variety of our governors and masters represent the average wisdom, temperament, sense and virtue of the community.

rulers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The words of our municipal rulers have a solemnity and importance far above the words of other mortals, because our municipal rulers more than any other variety of our governors and masters represent the average wisdom, temperament, sense and virtue of the community.

said

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This generalisation, it ought to be promptly said in the interests of eternal justice (and recent friendship), does not apply to the United States of America.

seat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These words are reported as having been uttered in our midst not a hundred years ago, publicly, from the seat of justice, by a civic magistrate.

sense

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The words of our municipal rulers have a solemnity and importance far above the words of other mortals, because our municipal rulers more than any other variety of our governors and masters represent the average wisdom, temperament, sense and virtue of the community.

solemnity

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The words of our municipal rulers have a solemnity and importance far above the words of other mortals, because our municipal rulers more than any other variety of our governors and masters represent the average wisdom, temperament, sense and virtue of the community.

States

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This generalisation, it ought to be promptly said in the interests of eternal justice (and recent friendship), does not apply to the United States of America.

temperament

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The words of our municipal rulers have a solemnity and importance far above the words of other mortals, because our municipal rulers more than any other variety of our governors and masters represent the average wisdom, temperament, sense and virtue of the community.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The words of our municipal rulers have a solemnity and importance far above the words of other mortals, because our municipal rulers more than any other variety of our governors and masters represent the average wisdom, temperament, sense and virtue of the community.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading These words are reported as having been uttered in our midst not a hundred years ago, publicly, from the seat of justice, by a civic magistrate.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading "I have not read this author's books, and if I have read them I have forgotten what they were about."

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These words are reported as having been uttered in our midst not a hundred years ago, publicly, from the seat of justice, by a civic magistrate.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "I have not read this author's books, and if I have read them I have forgotten what they were about."

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading "I have not read this author's books, and if I have read them I have forgotten what they were about."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading This generalisation, it ought to be promptly said in the interests of eternal justice (and recent friendship), does not apply to the United States of America.

United

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This generalisation, it ought to be promptly said in the interests of eternal justice (and recent friendship), does not apply to the United States of America.

utterednounUS /ˈuttered/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading These words are reported as having been uttered in our midst not a hundred years ago, publicly, from the seat of justice, by a civic magistrate.

variety

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The words of our municipal rulers have a solemnity and importance far above the words of other mortals, because our municipal rulers more than any other variety of our governors and masters represent the average wisdom, temperament, sense and virtue of the community.

virtuenounUS /ˈvɝː.tʃuː/

Moral excellence and goodness of character; the highest human attainment in Stoic philosophy.

From this reading The words of our municipal rulers have a solemnity and importance far above the words of other mortals, because our municipal rulers more than any other variety of our governors and masters represent the average wisdom, temperament, sense and virtue of the community.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading "I have not read this author's books, and if I have read them I have forgotten what they were about."

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading "I have not read this author's books, and if I have read them I have forgotten what they were about."

wisdom

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The words of our municipal rulers have a solemnity and importance far above the words of other mortals, because our municipal rulers more than any other variety of our governors and masters represent the average wisdom, temperament, sense and virtue of the community.

words

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These words are reported as having been uttered in our midst not a hundred years ago, publicly, from the seat of justice, by a civic magistrate.

years

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These words are reported as having been uttered in our midst not a hundred years ago, publicly, from the seat of justice, by a civic magistrate.