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Notes on Life & Letters
Notes on Life & Letters

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Notes on Life & Letters is here in full — 1007 sentences across 202 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 6/201 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
They share with us the great incertitude of ignominy or glory--of severe justice and senseless persecution--of calumny and misunderstanding--the shame of undeserved success.
Of all the inanimate objects, of all men's creations, books are the nearest to us, for they contain our very thought, our ambitions, our indignations, our illusions, our fidelity to truth, and our persistent leaning towards error.
But most of all they resemble us in their precarious hold on life.
A bridge constructed according to the rules of the art of bridge-building is certain of a long, honourable and useful career.
But a book as good in its way as the bridge may perish obscurely on the very day of its birth.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Notes on Life & Letters

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Notes on Life & Letters is here in full — 1007 sentences across 202 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 6/201 · 5 reading units · Lines 26–30

Line 1
They share with us the great incertitude of ignominy or glory--of severe justice and senseless persecution--of calumny and misunderstanding--the shame of undeserved success.
Line 2
Of all the inanimate objects, of all men's creations, books are the nearest to us, for they contain our very thought, our ambitions, our indignations, our illusions, our fidelity to truth, and our persistent leaning towards error.
Line 3
But most of all they resemble us in their precarious hold on life.
/bʌt moʊst ʌv ɔːl ðeɪ rɪˈzembəl ʌs ɪn ðer priˈkeriəs hoʊld ɑːn laɪf/
Line 4
A bridge constructed according to the rules of the art of bridge-building is certain of a long, honourable and useful career.
Line 5
But a book as good in its way as the bridge may perish obscurely on the very day of its birth.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ambitions noun US /æmˈbɪʃənz/

plural of “ambition” — a cherished desire

From this reading “Of all the inanimate objects, of all men's creations, books are the nearest to us, for they contain our very thought, our ambitions, our indignations, our illusions, our fidelity to truth, and our persistent leaning towards error.”

calumny noun US /ˈkæləmni/

a false accusation of an offense or a malicious misrepresentation of someone's words or actions

From this reading “They share with us the great incertitude of ignominy or glory--of severe justice and senseless persecution--of calumny and misunderstanding--the shame of undeserved success.”

creations noun US /kriˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “creation” — the human act of creating

From this reading “Of all the inanimate objects, of all men's creations, books are the nearest to us, for they contain our very thought, our ambitions, our indignations, our illusions, our fidelity to truth, and our persistent leaning towards error.”

ignominy noun US /ˈɪɡnoʊmɪni/

a state of dishonor

From this reading “They share with us the great incertitude of ignominy or glory--of severe justice and senseless persecution--of calumny and misunderstanding--the shame of undeserved success.”

inanimate adjective US /ˌɪˈnænəmət/

belonging to the class of nouns denoting nonliving things

From this reading “Of all the inanimate objects, of all men's creations, books are the nearest to us, for they contain our very thought, our ambitions, our indignations, our illusions, our fidelity to truth, and our persistent leaning towards error.”

misunderstanding noun US /ˌmɪsəndərˈstændɪŋ/

putting the wrong interpretation on

From this reading “They share with us the great incertitude of ignominy or glory--of severe justice and senseless persecution--of calumny and misunderstanding--the shame of undeserved success.”

precarious adjective US /priˈkeriəs/

affording no ease or reassurance

From this reading “But most of all they resemble us in their precarious hold on life.”

undeserved adjective US /ˌʌndɪˈzɜːrvd/

not deserved or earned

From this reading “They share with us the great incertitude of ignominy or glory--of severe justice and senseless persecution--of calumny and misunderstanding--the shame of undeserved success.”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A bridge constructed according to the rules of the art of bridge-building is certain of a long, honourable and useful career.

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading A bridge constructed according to the rules of the art of bridge-building is certain of a long, honourable and useful career.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Of all the inanimate objects, of all men's creations, books are the nearest to us, for they contain our very thought, our ambitions, our indignations, our illusions, our fidelity to truth, and our persistent leaning towards error.

ambitionsnounUS /æmˈbɪʃənz/

plural of “ambition” — a cherished desire

From this reading Of all the inanimate objects, of all men's creations, books are the nearest to us, for they contain our very thought, our ambitions, our indignations, our illusions, our fidelity to truth, and our persistent leaning towards error.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They share with us the great incertitude of ignominy or glory--of severe justice and senseless persecution--of calumny and misunderstanding--the shame of undeserved success.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Of all the inanimate objects, of all men's creations, books are the nearest to us, for they contain our very thought, our ambitions, our indignations, our illusions, our fidelity to truth, and our persistent leaning towards error.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading A bridge constructed according to the rules of the art of bridge-building is certain of a long, honourable and useful career.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading But a book as good in its way as the bridge may perish obscurely on the very day of its birth.

birthnounUS /bɜːrθ/

the time when something begins (especially life)

From this reading But a book as good in its way as the bridge may perish obscurely on the very day of its birth.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading But a book as good in its way as the bridge may perish obscurely on the very day of its birth.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading Of all the inanimate objects, of all men's creations, books are the nearest to us, for they contain our very thought, our ambitions, our indignations, our illusions, our fidelity to truth, and our persistent leaning towards error.

bridgenounUS /brɪdʒ/

a structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river or canal or railway etc.

From this reading A bridge constructed according to the rules of the art of bridge-building is certain of a long, honourable and useful career.

bridge-building

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A bridge constructed according to the rules of the art of bridge-building is certain of a long, honourable and useful career.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But most of all they resemble us in their precarious hold on life.

calumnynounUS /ˈkæləmni/

a false accusation of an offense or a malicious misrepresentation of someone's words or actions

From this reading They share with us the great incertitude of ignominy or glory--of severe justice and senseless persecution--of calumny and misunderstanding--the shame of undeserved success.

careernounUS /kərˈɪr/

the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading A bridge constructed according to the rules of the art of bridge-building is certain of a long, honourable and useful career.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading A bridge constructed according to the rules of the art of bridge-building is certain of a long, honourable and useful career.

constructedverbUS /kənˈstrʌktəd/

past form of “construct” — make by combining materials and parts

From this reading A bridge constructed according to the rules of the art of bridge-building is certain of a long, honourable and useful career.

containverbUS /kənˈteɪn/

include or contain; have as a component

From this reading Of all the inanimate objects, of all men's creations, books are the nearest to us, for they contain our very thought, our ambitions, our indignations, our illusions, our fidelity to truth, and our persistent leaning towards error.

creationsnounUS /kriˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “creation” — the human act of creating

From this reading Of all the inanimate objects, of all men's creations, books are the nearest to us, for they contain our very thought, our ambitions, our indignations, our illusions, our fidelity to truth, and our persistent leaning towards error.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading But a book as good in its way as the bridge may perish obscurely on the very day of its birth.

errornounUS /ˈerər/

a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading Of all the inanimate objects, of all men's creations, books are the nearest to us, for they contain our very thought, our ambitions, our indignations, our illusions, our fidelity to truth, and our persistent leaning towards error.

fidelitynounUS /fəˈdeləti/

accuracy with which an electronic system reproduces the sound or image of its input signal

From this reading Of all the inanimate objects, of all men's creations, books are the nearest to us, for they contain our very thought, our ambitions, our indignations, our illusions, our fidelity to truth, and our persistent leaning towards error.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Of all the inanimate objects, of all men's creations, books are the nearest to us, for they contain our very thought, our ambitions, our indignations, our illusions, our fidelity to truth, and our persistent leaning towards error.

glorynounUS /ˈɡlɔːri/

a state of high honor

From this reading They share with us the great incertitude of ignominy or glory--of severe justice and senseless persecution--of calumny and misunderstanding--the shame of undeserved success.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading But a book as good in its way as the bridge may perish obscurely on the very day of its birth.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading They share with us the great incertitude of ignominy or glory--of severe justice and senseless persecution--of calumny and misunderstanding--the shame of undeserved success.

holdverbUS /hoʊld/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading But most of all they resemble us in their precarious hold on life.

honourableadjectiveUS /ˈɑːnərəbəl/

worthy of being honored; entitled to honor and respect

From this reading A bridge constructed according to the rules of the art of bridge-building is certain of a long, honourable and useful career.

ignominynounUS /ˈɪɡnoʊmɪni/

a state of dishonor

From this reading They share with us the great incertitude of ignominy or glory--of severe justice and senseless persecution--of calumny and misunderstanding--the shame of undeserved success.

illusionsnounUS /ˌɪˈluːʒənz/

plural of “illusion” — an erroneous mental representation

From this reading Of all the inanimate objects, of all men's creations, books are the nearest to us, for they contain our very thought, our ambitions, our indignations, our illusions, our fidelity to truth, and our persistent leaning towards error.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But most of all they resemble us in their precarious hold on life.

inanimateadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈnænəmət/

belonging to the class of nouns denoting nonliving things

From this reading Of all the inanimate objects, of all men's creations, books are the nearest to us, for they contain our very thought, our ambitions, our indignations, our illusions, our fidelity to truth, and our persistent leaning towards error.

incertitudenoun

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading They share with us the great incertitude of ignominy or glory--of severe justice and senseless persecution--of calumny and misunderstanding--the shame of undeserved success.

indignations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of all the inanimate objects, of all men's creations, books are the nearest to us, for they contain our very thought, our ambitions, our indignations, our illusions, our fidelity to truth, and our persistent leaning towards error.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A bridge constructed according to the rules of the art of bridge-building is certain of a long, honourable and useful career.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading But a book as good in its way as the bridge may perish obscurely on the very day of its birth.

justicenounUS /ˈdʒʌstəs/

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading They share with us the great incertitude of ignominy or glory--of severe justice and senseless persecution--of calumny and misunderstanding--the shame of undeserved success.

leaningadjectiveUS /ˈliːnɪŋ/

departing or being caused to depart from the true vertical or horizontal

From this reading Of all the inanimate objects, of all men's creations, books are the nearest to us, for they contain our very thought, our ambitions, our indignations, our illusions, our fidelity to truth, and our persistent leaning towards error.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading But most of all they resemble us in their precarious hold on life.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading A bridge constructed according to the rules of the art of bridge-building is certain of a long, honourable and useful career.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading But a book as good in its way as the bridge may perish obscurely on the very day of its birth.

men'snounUS /menz/

a public toilet for men

From this reading Of all the inanimate objects, of all men's creations, books are the nearest to us, for they contain our very thought, our ambitions, our indignations, our illusions, our fidelity to truth, and our persistent leaning towards error.

misunderstandingnounUS /ˌmɪsəndərˈstændɪŋ/

putting the wrong interpretation on

From this reading They share with us the great incertitude of ignominy or glory--of severe justice and senseless persecution--of calumny and misunderstanding--the shame of undeserved success.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading But most of all they resemble us in their precarious hold on life.

nearestadverbUS /ˈnɪrəst/

(superlative of “near” or “close”) within the shortest distance

From this reading Of all the inanimate objects, of all men's creations, books are the nearest to us, for they contain our very thought, our ambitions, our indignations, our illusions, our fidelity to truth, and our persistent leaning towards error.

objectsnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekts/

plural of “object” — a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading Of all the inanimate objects, of all men's creations, books are the nearest to us, for they contain our very thought, our ambitions, our indignations, our illusions, our fidelity to truth, and our persistent leaning towards error.

obscurelyadverb

in an obscure manner

From this reading But a book as good in its way as the bridge may perish obscurely on the very day of its birth.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading They share with us the great incertitude of ignominy or glory--of severe justice and senseless persecution--of calumny and misunderstanding--the shame of undeserved success.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading But most of all they resemble us in their precarious hold on life.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading They share with us the great incertitude of ignominy or glory--of severe justice and senseless persecution--of calumny and misunderstanding--the shame of undeserved success.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Of all the inanimate objects, of all men's creations, books are the nearest to us, for they contain our very thought, our ambitions, our indignations, our illusions, our fidelity to truth, and our persistent leaning towards error.

perishverbUS /ˈperɪʃ/

pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading But a book as good in its way as the bridge may perish obscurely on the very day of its birth.

persecutionnounUS /ˌpɜːrsəˈkjuːʃən/

the act of persecuting (especially on the basis of race or religion)

From this reading They share with us the great incertitude of ignominy or glory--of severe justice and senseless persecution--of calumny and misunderstanding--the shame of undeserved success.

persistentadjectiveUS /pərˈsɪstənt/

never-ceasing

From this reading Of all the inanimate objects, of all men's creations, books are the nearest to us, for they contain our very thought, our ambitions, our indignations, our illusions, our fidelity to truth, and our persistent leaning towards error.

precariousadjectiveUS /priˈkeriəs/

affording no ease or reassurance

From this reading But most of all they resemble us in their precarious hold on life.

resembleverbUS /rɪˈzembəl/

appear like; be similar or bear a likeness to

From this reading But most of all they resemble us in their precarious hold on life.

rulesnounUS /ruːlz/

plural of “rule” — a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading A bridge constructed according to the rules of the art of bridge-building is certain of a long, honourable and useful career.

senselessadjectiveUS /ˈsensləs/

not marked by the use of reason

From this reading They share with us the great incertitude of ignominy or glory--of severe justice and senseless persecution--of calumny and misunderstanding--the shame of undeserved success.

severeadjectiveUS /səˈvɪr/

intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality

From this reading They share with us the great incertitude of ignominy or glory--of severe justice and senseless persecution--of calumny and misunderstanding--the shame of undeserved success.

shamenounUS /ʃeɪm/

a painful emotion resulting from an awareness of inadequacy or guilt

From this reading They share with us the great incertitude of ignominy or glory--of severe justice and senseless persecution--of calumny and misunderstanding--the shame of undeserved success.

shareverbUS /ʃer/

have in common

From this reading They share with us the great incertitude of ignominy or glory--of severe justice and senseless persecution--of calumny and misunderstanding--the shame of undeserved success.

successnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading They share with us the great incertitude of ignominy or glory--of severe justice and senseless persecution--of calumny and misunderstanding--the shame of undeserved success.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading They share with us the great incertitude of ignominy or glory--of severe justice and senseless persecution--of calumny and misunderstanding--the shame of undeserved success.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading But most of all they resemble us in their precarious hold on life.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They share with us the great incertitude of ignominy or glory--of severe justice and senseless persecution--of calumny and misunderstanding--the shame of undeserved success.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Of all the inanimate objects, of all men's creations, books are the nearest to us, for they contain our very thought, our ambitions, our indignations, our illusions, our fidelity to truth, and our persistent leaning towards error.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Of all the inanimate objects, of all men's creations, books are the nearest to us, for they contain our very thought, our ambitions, our indignations, our illusions, our fidelity to truth, and our persistent leaning towards error.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading Of all the inanimate objects, of all men's creations, books are the nearest to us, for they contain our very thought, our ambitions, our indignations, our illusions, our fidelity to truth, and our persistent leaning towards error.

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading Of all the inanimate objects, of all men's creations, books are the nearest to us, for they contain our very thought, our ambitions, our indignations, our illusions, our fidelity to truth, and our persistent leaning towards error.

undeservedadjectiveUS /ˌʌndɪˈzɜːrvd/

not deserved or earned

From this reading They share with us the great incertitude of ignominy or glory--of severe justice and senseless persecution--of calumny and misunderstanding--the shame of undeserved success.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading They share with us the great incertitude of ignominy or glory--of severe justice and senseless persecution--of calumny and misunderstanding--the shame of undeserved success.

usefuladjectiveUS /ˈjuːsfəl/

being of use or service

From this reading A bridge constructed according to the rules of the art of bridge-building is certain of a long, honourable and useful career.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Of all the inanimate objects, of all men's creations, books are the nearest to us, for they contain our very thought, our ambitions, our indignations, our illusions, our fidelity to truth, and our persistent leaning towards error.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading But a book as good in its way as the bridge may perish obscurely on the very day of its birth.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading They share with us the great incertitude of ignominy or glory--of severe justice and senseless persecution--of calumny and misunderstanding--the shame of undeserved success.

Chapter 2 of Notes on Life & Letters by Joseph Conrad holds 1007 sentences, grouped into 202 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Notes on Life & Letters contain?

Chapter 2 holds 1007 sentences of Notes on Life & Letters, unabridged, divided into 202 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Notes on Life & Letters by Joseph Conrad exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 1007 sentences, grouped into 202 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Notes on Life & Letters?

Work through the 202 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 202 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Notes on Life & Letters

Common questions about reading Notes on Life & Letters by Joseph Conrad on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Notes on Life & Letters?

Yes. All 3415 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1143 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Notes on Life & Letters is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1143, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Notes on Life & Letters take to read?

About 284 minutes of reading across 683 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Notes on Life & Letters section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Notes on Life & Letters

Words and structures a reader meets early in Notes on Life & Letters, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Don't
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Notes on Life & Letters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Whether
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Notes on Life & Letters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ought
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Notes on Life & Letters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Offer
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Notes on Life & Letters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.