Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Now or Never
Now or Never

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Now or Never is here in full — 154 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Now or Never
Context Illustration Reading 1/30 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
IN WHICH BOBBY BLUSHES SEVERAL TIMES, AND DOES A SUM IN ARITHMETIC.
Mr. Bayard, the owner of the horse, and the father of the lady whom Bobby had saved from impending death, was too much agitated to say much, even to the bold youth who had rendered him such a signal service.
He could scarcely believe the intelligence which the boy brought him; it seemed too good to be true.
He had assured himself that Ellen--for that was the young lady's name--was killed, or dreadfully injured.
Kate was driven at the top of her speed, and in a few moments reached the bridge, where Ellen was awaiting his arrival.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Now or Never

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Now or Never is here in full — 154 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
IN WHICH BOBBY BLUSHES SEVERAL TIMES, AND DOES A SUM IN ARITHMETIC.
/ɪn wɪtʃ ˈbɑːbi ˈblʌʃəz ˈsevrəl taɪmz ənd dʌz ə sʌm ɪn ˌerɪθˈmetɪk/
Line 2
Mr. Bayard, the owner of the horse, and the father of the lady whom Bobby had saved from impending death, was too much agitated to say much, even to the bold youth who had rendered him such a signal service.
/ˈmɪstər ˈbeɪərd ðə ˈoʊnər ʌv ðə hɔːrs ənd ðə ˈfɑːðər ʌv ðə ˈleɪdi huːm ˈbɑːbi hæd seɪvd frʌm ˌɪmˈpendɪŋ deθ wɑːz tuː mʌtʃ ˈædʒəteɪtɪd tuː seɪ mʌtʃ ˈiːvɪn tuː ðə boʊld juːθ huː hæd ˈrendərd hɪm sʌtʃ ə ˈsɪɡnəl ˈsɜːrvəs/
Line 3
He could scarcely believe the intelligence which the boy brought him; it seemed too good to be true.
/hiː kʊd ˈskersli bɪˈliːv ðə ˌɪnˈtelədʒəns wɪtʃ ðə bɔɪ brɔːt hɪm ɪt siːmd tuː ɡʊd tuː biː truː/
Line 4
He had assured himself that Ellen--for that was the young lady's name--was killed, or dreadfully injured.
Line 5
Kate was driven at the top of her speed, and in a few moments reached the bridge, where Ellen was awaiting his arrival.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arithmetic noun US /ˌerɪθˈmetɪk/

the branch of pure mathematics dealing with the theory of numerical calculations

From this reading “IN WHICH BOBBY BLUSHES SEVERAL TIMES, AND DOES A SUM IN ARITHMETIC.”

Bayard noun US /ˈbeɪərd/

French soldier said to be fearless and chivalrous (1473-1524)

From this reading “Mr. Bayard, the owner of the horse, and the father of the lady whom Bobby had saved from impending death, was too much agitated to say much, even to the bold youth who had rendered him such a signal service.”

blushes noun US /ˈblʌʃəz/

plural of “blush” — a rosy color (especially in the cheeks) taken as a sign of good health

From this reading “IN WHICH BOBBY BLUSHES SEVERAL TIMES, AND DOES A SUM IN ARITHMETIC.”

bobby noun US /ˈbɑːbi/

an informal term for a British policeman

From this reading “IN WHICH BOBBY BLUSHES SEVERAL TIMES, AND DOES A SUM IN ARITHMETIC.”

dreadfully adverb US /ˈdredfəli/

of a dreadful kind

From this reading “He had assured himself that Ellen--for that was the young lady's name--was killed, or dreadfully injured.”

impending adjective US /ˌɪmˈpendɪŋ/

close in time; about to occur

From this reading “Mr. Bayard, the owner of the horse, and the father of the lady whom Bobby had saved from impending death, was too much agitated to say much, even to the bold youth who had rendered him such a signal service.”

injured adjective US /ˈɪndʒərd/

harmed

From this reading “He had assured himself that Ellen--for that was the young lady's name--was killed, or dreadfully injured.”

lady's noun US /ˈleɪdiz/

possessive form of “lady” — a polite name for any woman

From this reading “He had assured himself that Ellen--for that was the young lady's name--was killed, or dreadfully injured.”

All words in this reading · 78

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading IN WHICH BOBBY BLUSHES SEVERAL TIMES, AND DOES A SUM IN ARITHMETIC.

agitatedadjectiveUS /ˈædʒəteɪtɪd/

troubled emotionally and usually deeply

From this reading Mr. Bayard, the owner of the horse, and the father of the lady whom Bobby had saved from impending death, was too much agitated to say much, even to the bold youth who had rendered him such a signal service.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading IN WHICH BOBBY BLUSHES SEVERAL TIMES, AND DOES A SUM IN ARITHMETIC.

ARITHMETICnounUS /ˌerɪθˈmetɪk/

the branch of pure mathematics dealing with the theory of numerical calculations

From this reading IN WHICH BOBBY BLUSHES SEVERAL TIMES, AND DOES A SUM IN ARITHMETIC.

arrivalnounUS /ərˈaɪvəl/

accomplishment of an objective

From this reading Kate was driven at the top of her speed, and in a few moments reached the bridge, where Ellen was awaiting his arrival.

assuredadjectiveUS /əˈʃʊrd/

marked by assurance; exhibiting confidence

From this reading He had assured himself that Ellen--for that was the young lady's name--was killed, or dreadfully injured.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Kate was driven at the top of her speed, and in a few moments reached the bridge, where Ellen was awaiting his arrival.

awaitingverbUS /əˈweɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “await” — look forward to the probable occurrence of

From this reading Kate was driven at the top of her speed, and in a few moments reached the bridge, where Ellen was awaiting his arrival.

BayardnounUS /ˈbeɪərd/

French soldier said to be fearless and chivalrous (1473-1524)

From this reading Mr. Bayard, the owner of the horse, and the father of the lady whom Bobby had saved from impending death, was too much agitated to say much, even to the bold youth who had rendered him such a signal service.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading He could scarcely believe the intelligence which the boy brought him; it seemed too good to be true.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading He could scarcely believe the intelligence which the boy brought him; it seemed too good to be true.

BLUSHESnounUS /ˈblʌʃəz/

plural of “blush” — a rosy color (especially in the cheeks) taken as a sign of good health

From this reading IN WHICH BOBBY BLUSHES SEVERAL TIMES, AND DOES A SUM IN ARITHMETIC.

BOBBYnounUS /ˈbɑːbi/

an informal term for a British policeman

From this reading IN WHICH BOBBY BLUSHES SEVERAL TIMES, AND DOES A SUM IN ARITHMETIC.

boldadjectiveUS /boʊld/

fearless and daring

From this reading Mr. Bayard, the owner of the horse, and the father of the lady whom Bobby had saved from impending death, was too much agitated to say much, even to the bold youth who had rendered him such a signal service.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading He could scarcely believe the intelligence which the boy brought him; it seemed too good to be true.

bridgenounUS /brɪdʒ/

a structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river or canal or railway etc.

From this reading Kate was driven at the top of her speed, and in a few moments reached the bridge, where Ellen was awaiting his arrival.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading He could scarcely believe the intelligence which the boy brought him; it seemed too good to be true.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading He could scarcely believe the intelligence which the boy brought him; it seemed too good to be true.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading Mr. Bayard, the owner of the horse, and the father of the lady whom Bobby had saved from impending death, was too much agitated to say much, even to the bold youth who had rendered him such a signal service.

DOESauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading IN WHICH BOBBY BLUSHES SEVERAL TIMES, AND DOES A SUM IN ARITHMETIC.

dreadfullyadverbUS /ˈdredfəli/

of a dreadful kind

From this reading He had assured himself that Ellen--for that was the young lady's name--was killed, or dreadfully injured.

drivenadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪvən/

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading Kate was driven at the top of her speed, and in a few moments reached the bridge, where Ellen was awaiting his arrival.

Ellen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had assured himself that Ellen--for that was the young lady's name--was killed, or dreadfully injured.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Mr. Bayard, the owner of the horse, and the father of the lady whom Bobby had saved from impending death, was too much agitated to say much, even to the bold youth who had rendered him such a signal service.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Mr. Bayard, the owner of the horse, and the father of the lady whom Bobby had saved from impending death, was too much agitated to say much, even to the bold youth who had rendered him such a signal service.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Kate was driven at the top of her speed, and in a few moments reached the bridge, where Ellen was awaiting his arrival.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He had assured himself that Ellen--for that was the young lady's name--was killed, or dreadfully injured.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Mr. Bayard, the owner of the horse, and the father of the lady whom Bobby had saved from impending death, was too much agitated to say much, even to the bold youth who had rendered him such a signal service.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading He could scarcely believe the intelligence which the boy brought him; it seemed too good to be true.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Mr. Bayard, the owner of the horse, and the father of the lady whom Bobby had saved from impending death, was too much agitated to say much, even to the bold youth who had rendered him such a signal service.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He could scarcely believe the intelligence which the boy brought him; it seemed too good to be true.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Kate was driven at the top of her speed, and in a few moments reached the bridge, where Ellen was awaiting his arrival.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Mr. Bayard, the owner of the horse, and the father of the lady whom Bobby had saved from impending death, was too much agitated to say much, even to the bold youth who had rendered him such a signal service.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading He had assured himself that Ellen--for that was the young lady's name--was killed, or dreadfully injured.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Kate was driven at the top of her speed, and in a few moments reached the bridge, where Ellen was awaiting his arrival.

horsenounUS /hɔːrs/

solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading Mr. Bayard, the owner of the horse, and the father of the lady whom Bobby had saved from impending death, was too much agitated to say much, even to the bold youth who had rendered him such a signal service.

impendingadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpendɪŋ/

close in time; about to occur

From this reading Mr. Bayard, the owner of the horse, and the father of the lady whom Bobby had saved from impending death, was too much agitated to say much, even to the bold youth who had rendered him such a signal service.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading IN WHICH BOBBY BLUSHES SEVERAL TIMES, AND DOES A SUM IN ARITHMETIC.

injuredadjectiveUS /ˈɪndʒərd/

harmed

From this reading He had assured himself that Ellen--for that was the young lady's name--was killed, or dreadfully injured.

intelligencenounUS /ˌɪnˈtelədʒəns/

the ability to comprehend; to understand and profit from experience

From this reading He could scarcely believe the intelligence which the boy brought him; it seemed too good to be true.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He could scarcely believe the intelligence which the boy brought him; it seemed too good to be true.

Kate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Kate was driven at the top of her speed, and in a few moments reached the bridge, where Ellen was awaiting his arrival.

killedverbUS /kɪld/

past form of “kill” — cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly

From this reading He had assured himself that Ellen--for that was the young lady's name--was killed, or dreadfully injured.

ladynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading Mr. Bayard, the owner of the horse, and the father of the lady whom Bobby had saved from impending death, was too much agitated to say much, even to the bold youth who had rendered him such a signal service.

lady'snounUS /ˈleɪdiz/

possessive form of “lady” — a polite name for any woman

From this reading He had assured himself that Ellen--for that was the young lady's name--was killed, or dreadfully injured.

momentsnounUS /ˈmoʊmənts/

plural of “moment” — a particular point in time

From this reading Kate was driven at the top of her speed, and in a few moments reached the bridge, where Ellen was awaiting his arrival.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Mr. Bayard, the owner of the horse, and the father of the lady whom Bobby had saved from impending death, was too much agitated to say much, even to the bold youth who had rendered him such a signal service.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Mr. Bayard, the owner of the horse, and the father of the lady whom Bobby had saved from impending death, was too much agitated to say much, even to the bold youth who had rendered him such a signal service.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading He had assured himself that Ellen--for that was the young lady's name--was killed, or dreadfully injured.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Mr. Bayard, the owner of the horse, and the father of the lady whom Bobby had saved from impending death, was too much agitated to say much, even to the bold youth who had rendered him such a signal service.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He had assured himself that Ellen--for that was the young lady's name--was killed, or dreadfully injured.

ownernounUS /ˈoʊnər/

(law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business

From this reading Mr. Bayard, the owner of the horse, and the father of the lady whom Bobby had saved from impending death, was too much agitated to say much, even to the bold youth who had rendered him such a signal service.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading Kate was driven at the top of her speed, and in a few moments reached the bridge, where Ellen was awaiting his arrival.

renderedverbUS /ˈrendərd/

past form of “render” — cause to become

From this reading Mr. Bayard, the owner of the horse, and the father of the lady whom Bobby had saved from impending death, was too much agitated to say much, even to the bold youth who had rendered him such a signal service.

savedadjectiveUS /seɪvd/

rescued; especially from the power and consequences of sin

From this reading Mr. Bayard, the owner of the horse, and the father of the lady whom Bobby had saved from impending death, was too much agitated to say much, even to the bold youth who had rendered him such a signal service.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading Mr. Bayard, the owner of the horse, and the father of the lady whom Bobby had saved from impending death, was too much agitated to say much, even to the bold youth who had rendered him such a signal service.

scarcelyadverbUS /ˈskersli/

only a very short time before

From this reading He could scarcely believe the intelligence which the boy brought him; it seemed too good to be true.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading He could scarcely believe the intelligence which the boy brought him; it seemed too good to be true.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading Mr. Bayard, the owner of the horse, and the father of the lady whom Bobby had saved from impending death, was too much agitated to say much, even to the bold youth who had rendered him such a signal service.

SEVERALadjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading IN WHICH BOBBY BLUSHES SEVERAL TIMES, AND DOES A SUM IN ARITHMETIC.

signalnounUS /ˈsɪɡnəl/

any nonverbal action or gesture that encodes a message

From this reading Mr. Bayard, the owner of the horse, and the father of the lady whom Bobby had saved from impending death, was too much agitated to say much, even to the bold youth who had rendered him such a signal service.

speedverbUS /spiːd/

move hurridly

From this reading Kate was driven at the top of her speed, and in a few moments reached the bridge, where Ellen was awaiting his arrival.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Mr. Bayard, the owner of the horse, and the father of the lady whom Bobby had saved from impending death, was too much agitated to say much, even to the bold youth who had rendered him such a signal service.

SUMnounUS /sʌm/

a quantity of money

From this reading IN WHICH BOBBY BLUSHES SEVERAL TIMES, AND DOES A SUM IN ARITHMETIC.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He had assured himself that Ellen--for that was the young lady's name--was killed, or dreadfully injured.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Mr. Bayard, the owner of the horse, and the father of the lady whom Bobby had saved from impending death, was too much agitated to say much, even to the bold youth who had rendered him such a signal service.

TIMESnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading IN WHICH BOBBY BLUSHES SEVERAL TIMES, AND DOES A SUM IN ARITHMETIC.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Mr. Bayard, the owner of the horse, and the father of the lady whom Bobby had saved from impending death, was too much agitated to say much, even to the bold youth who had rendered him such a signal service.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Mr. Bayard, the owner of the horse, and the father of the lady whom Bobby had saved from impending death, was too much agitated to say much, even to the bold youth who had rendered him such a signal service.

topnounUS /tɑːp/

the upper part of anything

From this reading Kate was driven at the top of her speed, and in a few moments reached the bridge, where Ellen was awaiting his arrival.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading He could scarcely believe the intelligence which the boy brought him; it seemed too good to be true.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Mr. Bayard, the owner of the horse, and the father of the lady whom Bobby had saved from impending death, was too much agitated to say much, even to the bold youth who had rendered him such a signal service.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Kate was driven at the top of her speed, and in a few moments reached the bridge, where Ellen was awaiting his arrival.

WHICHpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading IN WHICH BOBBY BLUSHES SEVERAL TIMES, AND DOES A SUM IN ARITHMETIC.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Mr. Bayard, the owner of the horse, and the father of the lady whom Bobby had saved from impending death, was too much agitated to say much, even to the bold youth who had rendered him such a signal service.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Mr. Bayard, the owner of the horse, and the father of the lady whom Bobby had saved from impending death, was too much agitated to say much, even to the bold youth who had rendered him such a signal service.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading He had assured himself that Ellen--for that was the young lady's name--was killed, or dreadfully injured.

youthnounUS /juːθ/

a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading Mr. Bayard, the owner of the horse, and the father of the lady whom Bobby had saved from impending death, was too much agitated to say much, even to the bold youth who had rendered him such a signal service.

Chapter 2 of Now or Never by Oliver Optic holds 154 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Now or Never contain?

Chapter 2 holds 154 sentences of Now or Never, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Now or Never by Oliver Optic exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 154 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Now or Never?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Now or Never

Common questions about reading Now or Never by Oliver Optic on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Now or Never?

Yes. All 2766 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #14762 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Now or Never is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #14762, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Now or Never take to read?

About 230 minutes of reading across 554 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Now or Never section by section

How to work through Now or Never section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 21 chapters of Now or Never to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Now or Never

Words and structures a reader meets early in Now or Never, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Bobby
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Now or Never; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fishing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Now or Never; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Catches
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Now or Never; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Horse
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Now or Never; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.