Chapter VI · The Scandinavian Sailors--Their Piracies and

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

tending to become more severe or wider in scope

From this reading Though their earliest expeditions by sea were not stimulated by the same cause,--the desire for commercial intercourse,--they arose from causes equally active.

plural of “adventure” — a wild and exciting undertaking (not necessarily lawful)

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

past form of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

a large-scale farming enterprise

From this reading Thus they neglected the arts of agriculture, and became inured to a life of piracy upon the sea.

king of Wessex; defeated the Vikings and encouraged writing in English (849-899)

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

inflected form of “arise” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading Though their earliest expeditions by sea were not stimulated by the same cause,--the desire for commercial intercourse,--they arose from causes equally active.

plural of “article” — nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills)

From this reading Thus they neglected the arts of agriculture, and became inured to a life of piracy upon the sea.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The nations inhabiting the borders of the Baltic and the coasts of Norway, as well as those dwelling on the shores of the German Ocean, were situated quite as favorably for maritime enterprise as those upon the banks of the Mediterranean.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

informal or slang terms for mentally irregular

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

a sea in northern Europe; stronghold of the Russian navy

From this reading The nations inhabiting the borders of the Baltic and the coasts of Norway, as well as those dwelling on the shores of the German Ocean, were situated quite as favorably for maritime enterprise as those upon the banks of the Mediterranean.

English botanist who accompanied Captain Cook on his first voyage to the Pacific Ocean (1743-1820)

From this reading The nations inhabiting the borders of the Baltic and the coasts of Norway, as well as those dwelling on the shores of the German Ocean, were situated quite as favorably for maritime enterprise as those upon the banks of the Mediterranean.

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Thus they neglected the arts of agriculture, and became inured to a life of piracy upon the sea.

the legendary hero of an anonymous Old English epic poem composed in the early 8th century; he slays a monster and becomes king but dies fighting a dragon

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

plural of “border” — a line that indicates a boundary

From this reading The nations inhabiting the borders of the Baltic and the coasts of Norway, as well as those dwelling on the shores of the German Ocean, were situated quite as favorably for maritime enterprise as those upon the banks of the Mediterranean.

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading Though their earliest expeditions by sea were not stimulated by the same cause,--the desire for commercial intercourse,--they arose from causes equally active.

plural of “cause” — events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading Though their earliest expeditions by sea were not stimulated by the same cause,--the desire for commercial intercourse,--they arose from causes equally active.

the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

plural of “clime” — the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

plural of “coast” — the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading The nations inhabiting the borders of the Baltic and the coasts of Norway, as well as those dwelling on the shores of the German Ocean, were situated quite as favorably for maritime enterprise as those upon the banks of the Mediterranean.

the state capital of Ohio; located in the center of the state; site of Ohio State University

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

transactions (sales and purchases) having the objective of supplying commodities (goods and services)

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

connected with or engaged in or sponsored by or used in commerce or commercial enterprises

From this reading Though their earliest expeditions by sea were not stimulated by the same cause,--the desire for commercial intercourse,--they arose from causes equally active.

in a relative manner; by comparison to something else

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

the act of examining resemblances

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

one of the large landmasses of the earth

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

plural of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

plural of “dane” — a native or inhabitant of Denmark

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

From this reading Though their earliest expeditions by sea were not stimulated by the same cause,--the desire for commercial intercourse,--they arose from causes equally active.

plural of “discovery” — the act of discovering something

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

the act of discovering something

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

housing that someone is living in

From this reading The nations inhabiting the borders of the Baltic and the coasts of Norway, as well as those dwelling on the shores of the German Ocean, were situated quite as favorably for maritime enterprise as those upon the banks of the Mediterranean.

(comparative and superlative of “early”) more early than; most early

From this reading Though their earliest expeditions by sea were not stimulated by the same cause,--the desire for commercial intercourse,--they arose from causes equally active.

a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)

From this reading The nations inhabiting the borders of the Baltic and the coasts of Norway, as well as those dwelling on the shores of the German Ocean, were situated quite as favorably for maritime enterprise as those upon the banks of the Mediterranean.

to the same degree (often followed by “as”)

From this reading Though their earliest expeditions by sea were not stimulated by the same cause,--the desire for commercial intercourse,--they arose from causes equally active.

set up or found

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

plural of “expedition” — a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading Though their earliest expeditions by sea were not stimulated by the same cause,--the desire for commercial intercourse,--they arose from causes equally active.

showing approval

From this reading The nations inhabiting the borders of the Baltic and the coasts of Norway, as well as those dwelling on the shores of the German Ocean, were situated quite as favorably for maritime enterprise as those upon the banks of the Mediterranean.

preferred above all others and treated with partiality

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The nations inhabiting the borders of the Baltic and the coasts of Norway, as well as those dwelling on the shores of the German Ocean, were situated quite as favorably for maritime enterprise as those upon the banks of the Mediterranean.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Though their earliest expeditions by sea were not stimulated by the same cause,--the desire for commercial intercourse,--they arose from causes equally active.

productive or conducive to producing in abundance

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

give something useful or necessary to

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

a person of German nationality

From this reading The nations inhabiting the borders of the Baltic and the coasts of Norway, as well as those dwelling on the shores of the German Ocean, were situated quite as favorably for maritime enterprise as those upon the banks of the Mediterranean.

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

the largest island in the world; lies between the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean; a self-governing province of Denmark

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

an island republic on the island of Iceland; became independent of Denmark in 1944

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

a quantity that is added

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

plural of “inhabitant” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

-ing form of “inhabit” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading The nations inhabiting the borders of the Baltic and the coasts of Norway, as well as those dwelling on the shores of the German Ocean, were situated quite as favorably for maritime enterprise as those upon the banks of the Mediterranean.

communication between individuals

From this reading Though their earliest expeditions by sea were not stimulated by the same cause,--the desire for commercial intercourse,--they arose from causes equally active.

made tough by habitual exposure

From this reading Thus they neglected the arts of agriculture, and became inured to a life of piracy upon the sea.

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Thus they neglected the arts of agriculture, and became inured to a life of piracy upon the sea.

relating to or involving ships or shipping or navigation or seamen

From this reading The nations inhabiting the borders of the Baltic and the coasts of Norway, as well as those dwelling on the shores of the German Ocean, were situated quite as favorably for maritime enterprise as those upon the banks of the Mediterranean.

a state in New England; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

the largest inland sea; between Europe and Africa and Asia

From this reading The nations inhabiting the borders of the Baltic and the coasts of Norway, as well as those dwelling on the shores of the German Ocean, were situated quite as favorably for maritime enterprise as those upon the banks of the Mediterranean.

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

an island resort off Cape Cod; formerly a center of the whaling industry

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The nations inhabiting the borders of the Baltic and the coasts of Norway, as well as those dwelling on the shores of the German Ocean, were situated quite as favorably for maritime enterprise as those upon the banks of the Mediterranean.

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

disregarded

From this reading Thus they neglected the arts of agriculture, and became inured to a life of piracy upon the sea.

a breed of very large heavy dogs with a thick coarse usually black coat; highly intelligent dogs and vigorous swimmers; developed in Newfoundland

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe on the western side of the Scandinavian Peninsula; achieved independence from Sweden in 1905

From this reading The nations inhabiting the borders of the Baltic and the coasts of Norway, as well as those dwelling on the shores of the German Ocean, were situated quite as favorably for maritime enterprise as those upon the banks of the Mediterranean.

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Though their earliest expeditions by sea were not stimulated by the same cause,--the desire for commercial intercourse,--they arose from causes equally active.

a star that ejects some of its material in the form of a cloud and becomes more luminous in the process

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

come into possession of

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

a large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere

From this reading The nations inhabiting the borders of the Baltic and the coasts of Norway, as well as those dwelling on the shores of the German Ocean, were situated quite as favorably for maritime enterprise as those upon the banks of the Mediterranean.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The nations inhabiting the borders of the Baltic and the coasts of Norway, as well as those dwelling on the shores of the German Ocean, were situated quite as favorably for maritime enterprise as those upon the banks of the Mediterranean.

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

have ownership or possession of

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

hijacking on the high seas or in similar contexts; taking a ship or plane away from the control of those who are legally entitled to it

From this reading Thus they neglected the arts of agriculture, and became inured to a life of piracy upon the sea.

Goods or treasure taken by force or theft, especially in war or banditry.

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

influenced or controlled by a powerful force such as a strong emotion

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

possession of controlling influence

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading The nations inhabiting the borders of the Baltic and the coasts of Norway, as well as those dwelling on the shores of the German Ocean, were situated quite as favorably for maritime enterprise as those upon the banks of the Mediterranean.

Identical; not different.

From this reading Though their earliest expeditions by sea were not stimulated by the same cause,--the desire for commercial intercourse,--they arose from causes equally active.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading Though their earliest expeditions by sea were not stimulated by the same cause,--the desire for commercial intercourse,--they arose from causes equally active.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

plural of “shore” — the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading The nations inhabiting the borders of the Baltic and the coasts of Norway, as well as those dwelling on the shores of the German Ocean, were situated quite as favorably for maritime enterprise as those upon the banks of the Mediterranean.

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading The nations inhabiting the borders of the Baltic and the coasts of Norway, as well as those dwelling on the shores of the German Ocean, were situated quite as favorably for maritime enterprise as those upon the banks of the Mediterranean.

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

the state of being covered with unclean things

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

emotionally aroused

From this reading Though their earliest expeditions by sea were not stimulated by the same cause,--the desire for commercial intercourse,--they arose from causes equally active.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

for that reason; as a result

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Though their earliest expeditions by sea were not stimulated by the same cause,--the desire for commercial intercourse,--they arose from causes equally active.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Though their earliest expeditions by sea were not stimulated by the same cause,--the desire for commercial intercourse,--they arose from causes equally active.

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Thus they neglected the arts of agriculture, and became inured to a life of piracy upon the sea.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The nations inhabiting the borders of the Baltic and the coasts of Norway, as well as those dwelling on the shores of the German Ocean, were situated quite as favorably for maritime enterprise as those upon the banks of the Mediterranean.

an act of traveling by water

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading The nations inhabiting the borders of the Baltic and the coasts of Norway, as well as those dwelling on the shores of the German Ocean, were situated quite as favorably for maritime enterprise as those upon the banks of the Mediterranean.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The nations inhabiting the borders of the Baltic and the coasts of Norway, as well as those dwelling on the shores of the German Ocean, were situated quite as favorably for maritime enterprise as those upon the banks of the Mediterranean.

used to ask for information about something

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

during the time that

From this reading While the Mediterranean countries possessed a fruitful soil and a balmy climate, those of the North, under a sky comparatively ungenial, afforded their inhabitants but a few of the articles which they needed: they were led, therefore, to increase their power by sea, in order to establish themselves in more favored climes, or at least to obtain from them by plunder what their own country could not furnish.

in the company of; together with

From this reading COMMERCE--THE ANGLO-SAXONS--ALFRED THE GREAT A SHIP-BUILDER--THE VOYAGE OF BEOWULF--DISCOVERY OF ICELAND BY THE DANES--DISCOVERY OF GREENLAND--THE VOYAGE OF BJARNI AND LEIF TO THE AMERICAN CONTINENT--THEIR DISCOVERY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, NANTUCKET, AND MASSACHUSETTS--ADVENTURES OF THORWALD AND THORFINN--COMPARISON OF THE DISCOVERIES OF THE NORTHMEN WITH THOSE OF COLUMBUS.