Chapter XIV · Spread of the Portuguese East Indian Empire--Alphonzo

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

the second largest continent; located to the south of Europe and bordered to the west by the South Atlantic and to the east by the Indian Ocean

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

anew

From this reading Again the King of Portugal sent out a formidable squadron,--thirteen ships of the line, the largest yet constructed, under Lopez Soarez.

the largest city in New Mexico; located in central New Mexico on the Rio Grande river

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

make a more or less disguised reference to

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

all the weapons and equipment that a country has

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

plural of “bark” — tough protective covering of the woody stems and roots of trees and other woody plants

From this reading Sea-battles now took place, in which the proportions of the slain were one thousand infidels to seventy-five Portuguese,--in which a single European vessel contended successfully with myriads of the native barks.

third-person singular of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

for a short time

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

a strip of land projecting into a body of water

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

plural of “caravan” — a procession (of wagons or mules or camels) traveling together in single file

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

an island in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of India

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

plural of “chapter” — a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

traveling around something (by ship or plane)

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

transactions (sales and purchases) having the objective of supplying commodities (goods and services)

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

past form of “construct” — make by combining materials and parts

From this reading Again the King of Portugal sent out a formidable squadron,--thirteen ships of the line, the largest yet constructed, under Lopez Soarez.

past form of “contend” — maintain or assert

From this reading Sea-battles now took place, in which the proportions of the slain were one thousand infidels to seventy-five Portuguese,--in which a single European vessel contended successfully with myriads of the native barks.

the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

the act of discovering something

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

dominance or power through legal authority

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

plural of “embassy” — a diplomatic building where ambassadors live or work

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

a large retail store organized into departments offering a variety of merchandise; commonly part of a retail chain

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

a native or inhabitant of Europe

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

plural of “european” — a native or inhabitant of Europe

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

communicated in words

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

the point or degree to which something extends

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

preferred above all others and treated with partiality

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

group of aircraft operating together under the same ownership

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

plural of “fleet” — group of aircraft operating together under the same ownership

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

produced by or subjected to forcing

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

extremely impressive in strength or excellence

From this reading Again the King of Portugal sent out a formidable squadron,--thirteen ships of the line, the largest yet constructed, under Lopez Soarez.

plural of “fort” — a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

a state of southwestern India; a former Portuguese colony

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

plural of “incident” — a single distinct event

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

of or relating to or characteristic of India or the East Indies or their peoples or languages or cultures

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

plural of “infidel” — a person who does not acknowledge your god

From this reading Sea-battles now took place, in which the proportions of the slain were one thousand infidels to seventy-five Portuguese,--in which a single European vessel contended successfully with myriads of the native barks.

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

past form of “introduce” — cause to come to know personally

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

plural of “island” — a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Again the King of Portugal sent out a formidable squadron,--thirteen ships of the line, the largest yet constructed, under Lopez Soarez.

plural of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

superlative of “large” — above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Again the King of Portugal sent out a formidable squadron,--thirteen ships of the line, the largest yet constructed, under Lopez Soarez.

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading Again the King of Portugal sent out a formidable squadron,--thirteen ships of the line, the largest yet constructed, under Lopez Soarez.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Again the King of Portugal sent out a formidable squadron,--thirteen ships of the line, the largest yet constructed, under Lopez Soarez.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

stem of the rattan palm used for making canes and umbrella handles

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

a small reddish planet that is the 4th from the sun and is periodically visible to the naked eye; minerals rich in iron cover its surface and are responsible for its characteristic color

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sea-battles now took place, in which the proportions of the slain were one thousand infidels to seventy-five Portuguese,--in which a single European vessel contended successfully with myriads of the native barks.

past form of “narrate” — provide commentary for a film, for example

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading Sea-battles now took place, in which the proportions of the slain were one thousand infidels to seventy-five Portuguese,--in which a single European vessel contended successfully with myriads of the native barks.

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

the cardinal number that is the sum of eight and one

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Sea-battles now took place, in which the proportions of the slain were one thousand infidels to seventy-five Portuguese,--in which a single European vessel contended successfully with myriads of the native barks.

a large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Sea-battles now took place, in which the proportions of the slain were one thousand infidels to seventy-five Portuguese,--in which a single European vessel contended successfully with myriads of the native barks.

an open or empty space in or between things

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Again the King of Portugal sent out a formidable squadron,--thirteen ships of the line, the largest yet constructed, under Lopez Soarez.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

give money, usually in exchange for goods or services

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

add pepper to

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Sea-battles now took place, in which the proportions of the slain were one thousand infidels to seventy-five Portuguese,--in which a single European vessel contended successfully with myriads of the native barks.

a republic in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; Portuguese explorers and colonists in the 15th and 16th centuries created a vast overseas empire (including Brazil)

From this reading Again the King of Portugal sent out a formidable squadron,--thirteen ships of the line, the largest yet constructed, under Lopez Soarez.

the Romance language spoken in Portugal and Brazil

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

existing or coming before

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

past form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

plural of “proportion” — the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole

From this reading Sea-battles now took place, in which the proportions of the slain were one thousand infidels to seventy-five Portuguese,--in which a single European vessel contended successfully with myriads of the native barks.

shield from danger, injury, destruction, or damage

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

a condensed but memorable saying embodying some important fact of experience that is taken as true by many people

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

the act of decreasing or reducing something

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

the extended spatial location of something

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

action taken in return for an injury or offense

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

an established line of travel or access

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

the act of losing or surrendering something as a penalty for a mistake or fault or failure to perform etc.

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sea-battles now took place, in which the proportions of the slain were one thousand infidels to seventy-five Portuguese,--in which a single European vessel contended successfully with myriads of the native barks.

plural of “seaport” — a sheltered port where ships can take on or discharge cargo

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

plural of “sea” — a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

cause to go somewhere

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading Again the King of Portugal sent out a formidable squadron,--thirteen ships of the line, the largest yet constructed, under Lopez Soarez.

something that follows something else

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

being five more than seventy

From this reading Sea-battles now took place, in which the proportions of the slain were one thousand infidels to seventy-five Portuguese,--in which a single European vessel contended successfully with myriads of the native barks.

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

plural of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight

From this reading Again the King of Portugal sent out a formidable squadron,--thirteen ships of the line, the largest yet constructed, under Lopez Soarez.

a country of southeastern Asia that extends southward along the Isthmus of Kra to the Malay Peninsula

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading Sea-battles now took place, in which the proportions of the slain were one thousand infidels to seventy-five Portuguese,--in which a single European vessel contended successfully with myriads of the native barks.

people who have been slain (as in battle)

From this reading Sea-battles now took place, in which the proportions of the slain were one thousand infidels to seventy-five Portuguese,--in which a single European vessel contended successfully with myriads of the native barks.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Again the King of Portugal sent out a formidable squadron,--thirteen ships of the line, the largest yet constructed, under Lopez Soarez.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

distribute or disperse widely

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

a cavalry unit consisting of two or more troops and headquarters and supporting arms

From this reading Again the King of Portugal sent out a formidable squadron,--thirteen ships of the line, the largest yet constructed, under Lopez Soarez.

with success; in a successful manner

From this reading Sea-battles now took place, in which the proportions of the slain were one thousand infidels to seventy-five Portuguese,--in which a single European vessel contended successfully with myriads of the native barks.

a mountainous island in western Indonesia

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

possessing sweep

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

an overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

the cardinal number that is the sum of twelve and one

From this reading Again the King of Portugal sent out a formidable squadron,--thirteen ships of the line, the largest yet constructed, under Lopez Soarez.

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading Sea-battles now took place, in which the proportions of the slain were one thousand infidels to seventy-five Portuguese,--in which a single European vessel contended successfully with myriads of the native barks.

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Sea-battles now took place, in which the proportions of the slain were one thousand infidels to seventy-five Portuguese,--in which a single European vessel contended successfully with myriads of the native barks.

something given or done as an expression of esteem

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

(Middle Ages) the nephew of the king of Cornwall who (according to legend) fell in love with his uncle's bride (Iseult) after they mistakenly drank a love potion that left them eternally in love with each other

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Again the King of Portugal sent out a formidable squadron,--thirteen ships of the line, the largest yet constructed, under Lopez Soarez.

a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading Sea-battles now took place, in which the proportions of the slain were one thousand infidels to seventy-five Portuguese,--in which a single European vessel contended successfully with myriads of the native barks.

plural of “vessel” — a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

plural of “view” — a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

plural of “voyage” — an act of traveling by water

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Alphonzo and Francesco d'Albuquerque, with a fleet of nine vessels, and Edoardo Pacheco, with three vessels, carried terror and revenge to the Malabar coast: forts were built to protect the Portuguese commerce, kings were forced to pay tribute, fleets were swept from the seas; and, as a proverb of the time expressed it, pepper began to cost blood.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Having narrated, in the preceding chapters, the incidents which led to the circumnavigation of Africa, and having described the several voyages which introduced the Europeans into the East, by the new route of the Indian Ocean and the Cape of Tempests, we must briefly allude to the sequel,--the spread of European commerce among the islands and seaports of this highly favored region.

in the company of; together with

From this reading D'ALBUQUERQUE--IMMENSE SACRIFICE OF LIFE--ANCIENT ROUTE OF THE SPICE-TRADE WITH EUROPE--COMMERCE BY CARAVANS--REVOLUTION PRODUCED BY OPENING THE NEW ROUTE--FRANCESCO ALMEIDA--DISCOVERY OF CEYLON--TRISTAN D'ACUNHA--THE PORTUGUESE MARS--HIS VIEWS OF EMPIRE--AN ARSENAL ESTABLISHED AT GOA--REDUCTION OF MALACCA--SIAM AND SUMATRA SEND EMBASSIES TO ALBUQUERQUE--THE ISLAND OF ORMUZ--DEATH OF ALBUQUERQUE--EXTENT OF THE PORTUGUESE DOMINION--ORMUZ BECOMES THE GREAT EMPORIUM OF THE EAST--FALL OF THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE.

but in spite of that

From this reading Again the King of Portugal sent out a formidable squadron,--thirteen ships of the line, the largest yet constructed, under Lopez Soarez.