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Odysseus, the Hero of Ithaca Adapted from
Odysseus, the Hero of Ithaca Adapted from

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of Odysseus, the Hero of Ithaca Adapted from is here in full — 48 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Odysseus, the Hero of Ithaca Adapted from
Context Illustration Reading 1/9 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE RETURN OF ODYSSEUS TO THE ISLAND OF CIRCÈ "When we reached Circè's isle, we dragged our vessel up on to the beach, and lay down to sleep on the shore.
At break of day I sent my comrades forth to bring the body of Elpenor from the palace.
We took it out to a rocky place on the shore, and cut down trees to build a funeral pyre.
There we burned the body and performed the funeral rites, and we built a tomb and placed an oar at the top of it.
"All this was done quietly, but Circè saw us and came with her maids, bringing a generous supply of food and wine.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Odysseus, the Hero of Ithaca Adapted from

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of Odysseus, the Hero of Ithaca Adapted from is here in full — 48 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/9 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE RETURN OF ODYSSEUS TO THE ISLAND OF CIRCÈ "When we reached Circè's isle, we dragged our vessel up on to the beach, and lay down to sleep on the shore.
Line 2
At break of day I sent my comrades forth to bring the body of Elpenor from the palace.
Line 3
We took it out to a rocky place on the shore, and cut down trees to build a funeral pyre.
/wiː tʊk ɪt aʊt tuː ə ˈrɑːki pleɪs ɑːn ðə ʃɔːr ənd kʌt daʊn triːz tuː bɪld ə ˈfjuːnərəl ˈpaɪər/
Line 4
There we burned the body and performed the funeral rites, and we built a tomb and placed an oar at the top of it.
/ðer wiː bɜːrnd ðə ˈbɑːdi ənd pərˈfɔːrmd ðə ˈfjuːnərəl raɪts ənd wiː bɪlt ə tuːm ənd pleɪst æn ɔːr æt ðə tɑːp ʌv ɪt/
Line 5
"All this was done quietly, but Circè saw us and came with her maids, bringing a generous supply of food and wine.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

isle noun US /aɪl/

a small island

From this reading “THE RETURN OF ODYSSEUS TO THE ISLAND OF CIRCÈ "When we reached Circè's isle, we dragged our vessel up on to the beach, and lay down to sleep on the shore.”

maids noun US /meɪdz/

plural of “maid” — a female domestic

From this reading “"All this was done quietly, but Circè saw us and came with her maids, bringing a generous supply of food and wine.”

oar noun US /ɔːr/

an implement used to propel or steer a boat

From this reading “There we burned the body and performed the funeral rites, and we built a tomb and placed an oar at the top of it.”

odysseus noun US /oʊˈdɪsiəs/

(Greek mythology) a famous mythical Greek hero; his return to Ithaca after the siege of Troy was described in the Odyssey

From this reading “THE RETURN OF ODYSSEUS TO THE ISLAND OF CIRCÈ "When we reached Circè's isle, we dragged our vessel up on to the beach, and lay down to sleep on the shore.”

pyre noun US /ˈpaɪər/

wood heaped for burning a dead body as a funeral rite

From this reading “We took it out to a rocky place on the shore, and cut down trees to build a funeral pyre.”

rites noun US /raɪts/

plural of “rite” — an established ceremony prescribed by a religion

From this reading “There we burned the body and performed the funeral rites, and we built a tomb and placed an oar at the top of it.”

rocky adjective US /ˈrɑːki/

abounding in rocks or stones

From this reading “We took it out to a rocky place on the shore, and cut down trees to build a funeral pyre.”

tomb noun US /tuːm/

a place for the burial of a corpse (especially beneath the ground and marked by a tombstone)

From this reading “There we burned the body and performed the funeral rites, and we built a tomb and placed an oar at the top of it.”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading We took it out to a rocky place on the shore, and cut down trees to build a funeral pyre.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading "All this was done quietly, but Circè saw us and came with her maids, bringing a generous supply of food and wine.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading There we burned the body and performed the funeral rites, and we built a tomb and placed an oar at the top of it.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE RETURN OF ODYSSEUS TO THE ISLAND OF CIRCÈ "When we reached Circè's isle, we dragged our vessel up on to the beach, and lay down to sleep on the shore.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At break of day I sent my comrades forth to bring the body of Elpenor from the palace.

beachnounUS /biːtʃ/

an area of sand sloping down to the water of a sea or lake

From this reading THE RETURN OF ODYSSEUS TO THE ISLAND OF CIRCÈ "When we reached Circè's isle, we dragged our vessel up on to the beach, and lay down to sleep on the shore.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading At break of day I sent my comrades forth to bring the body of Elpenor from the palace.

breakverbUS /breɪk/

terminate

From this reading At break of day I sent my comrades forth to bring the body of Elpenor from the palace.

bringverbUS /brɪŋ/

take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading At break of day I sent my comrades forth to bring the body of Elpenor from the palace.

bringingnounUS /ˈbrɪŋɪŋ/

the act of delivering or distributing something (as goods or mail)

From this reading "All this was done quietly, but Circè saw us and came with her maids, bringing a generous supply of food and wine.

buildverbUS /bɪld/

make by combining materials and parts

From this reading We took it out to a rocky place on the shore, and cut down trees to build a funeral pyre.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading There we burned the body and performed the funeral rites, and we built a tomb and placed an oar at the top of it.

burnedadjectiveUS /bɜːrnd/

treated by heating to a high temperature but below the melting or fusing point

From this reading There we burned the body and performed the funeral rites, and we built a tomb and placed an oar at the top of it.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading "All this was done quietly, but Circè saw us and came with her maids, bringing a generous supply of food and wine.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading "All this was done quietly, but Circè saw us and came with her maids, bringing a generous supply of food and wine.

CIRCÈ

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE RETURN OF ODYSSEUS TO THE ISLAND OF CIRCÈ "When we reached Circè's isle, we dragged our vessel up on to the beach, and lay down to sleep on the shore.

Circè's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE RETURN OF ODYSSEUS TO THE ISLAND OF CIRCÈ "When we reached Circè's isle, we dragged our vessel up on to the beach, and lay down to sleep on the shore.

comradesnounUS /ˈkɑːmrædz/

plural of “comrade” — a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading At break of day I sent my comrades forth to bring the body of Elpenor from the palace.

cutverbUS /kʌt/

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading We took it out to a rocky place on the shore, and cut down trees to build a funeral pyre.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading At break of day I sent my comrades forth to bring the body of Elpenor from the palace.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading "All this was done quietly, but Circè saw us and came with her maids, bringing a generous supply of food and wine.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading THE RETURN OF ODYSSEUS TO THE ISLAND OF CIRCÈ "When we reached Circè's isle, we dragged our vessel up on to the beach, and lay down to sleep on the shore.

draggedverbUS /dræɡd/

inflected form of “drag” — pull, as against a resistance

From this reading THE RETURN OF ODYSSEUS TO THE ISLAND OF CIRCÈ "When we reached Circè's isle, we dragged our vessel up on to the beach, and lay down to sleep on the shore.

Elpenor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At break of day I sent my comrades forth to bring the body of Elpenor from the palace.

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading "All this was done quietly, but Circè saw us and came with her maids, bringing a generous supply of food and wine.

forthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading At break of day I sent my comrades forth to bring the body of Elpenor from the palace.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading At break of day I sent my comrades forth to bring the body of Elpenor from the palace.

funeralnounUS /ˈfjuːnərəl/

a ceremony at which a dead person is buried or cremated

From this reading We took it out to a rocky place on the shore, and cut down trees to build a funeral pyre.

generousadjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəs/

willing to give and share unstintingly

From this reading "All this was done quietly, but Circè saw us and came with her maids, bringing a generous supply of food and wine.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading "All this was done quietly, but Circè saw us and came with her maids, bringing a generous supply of food and wine.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading At break of day I sent my comrades forth to bring the body of Elpenor from the palace.

ISLANDnounUS /ˈaɪlənd/

a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading THE RETURN OF ODYSSEUS TO THE ISLAND OF CIRCÈ "When we reached Circè's isle, we dragged our vessel up on to the beach, and lay down to sleep on the shore.

islenounUS /aɪl/

a small island

From this reading THE RETURN OF ODYSSEUS TO THE ISLAND OF CIRCÈ "When we reached Circè's isle, we dragged our vessel up on to the beach, and lay down to sleep on the shore.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading We took it out to a rocky place on the shore, and cut down trees to build a funeral pyre.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading THE RETURN OF ODYSSEUS TO THE ISLAND OF CIRCÈ "When we reached Circè's isle, we dragged our vessel up on to the beach, and lay down to sleep on the shore.

maidsnounUS /meɪdz/

plural of “maid” — a female domestic

From this reading "All this was done quietly, but Circè saw us and came with her maids, bringing a generous supply of food and wine.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading At break of day I sent my comrades forth to bring the body of Elpenor from the palace.

oarnounUS /ɔːr/

an implement used to propel or steer a boat

From this reading There we burned the body and performed the funeral rites, and we built a tomb and placed an oar at the top of it.

ODYSSEUSnounUS /oʊˈdɪsiəs/

(Greek mythology) a famous mythical Greek hero; his return to Ithaca after the siege of Troy was described in the Odyssey

From this reading THE RETURN OF ODYSSEUS TO THE ISLAND OF CIRCÈ "When we reached Circè's isle, we dragged our vessel up on to the beach, and lay down to sleep on the shore.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE RETURN OF ODYSSEUS TO THE ISLAND OF CIRCÈ "When we reached Circè's isle, we dragged our vessel up on to the beach, and lay down to sleep on the shore.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE RETURN OF ODYSSEUS TO THE ISLAND OF CIRCÈ "When we reached Circè's isle, we dragged our vessel up on to the beach, and lay down to sleep on the shore.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading THE RETURN OF ODYSSEUS TO THE ISLAND OF CIRCÈ "When we reached Circè's isle, we dragged our vessel up on to the beach, and lay down to sleep on the shore.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading We took it out to a rocky place on the shore, and cut down trees to build a funeral pyre.

palacenounUS /ˈpæləs/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading At break of day I sent my comrades forth to bring the body of Elpenor from the palace.

performedverbUS /pərˈfɔːrmd/

past form of “perform” — carry out or perform an action

From this reading There we burned the body and performed the funeral rites, and we built a tomb and placed an oar at the top of it.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading We took it out to a rocky place on the shore, and cut down trees to build a funeral pyre.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading There we burned the body and performed the funeral rites, and we built a tomb and placed an oar at the top of it.

pyrenounUS /ˈpaɪər/

wood heaped for burning a dead body as a funeral rite

From this reading We took it out to a rocky place on the shore, and cut down trees to build a funeral pyre.

quietlyadverbUS /ˈkwaɪətli/

with low volume

From this reading "All this was done quietly, but Circè saw us and came with her maids, bringing a generous supply of food and wine.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading THE RETURN OF ODYSSEUS TO THE ISLAND OF CIRCÈ "When we reached Circè's isle, we dragged our vessel up on to the beach, and lay down to sleep on the shore.

RETURNverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading THE RETURN OF ODYSSEUS TO THE ISLAND OF CIRCÈ "When we reached Circè's isle, we dragged our vessel up on to the beach, and lay down to sleep on the shore.

ritesnounUS /raɪts/

plural of “rite” — an established ceremony prescribed by a religion

From this reading There we burned the body and performed the funeral rites, and we built a tomb and placed an oar at the top of it.

rockyadjectiveUS /ˈrɑːki/

abounding in rocks or stones

From this reading We took it out to a rocky place on the shore, and cut down trees to build a funeral pyre.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading "All this was done quietly, but Circè saw us and came with her maids, bringing a generous supply of food and wine.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading At break of day I sent my comrades forth to bring the body of Elpenor from the palace.

shorenounUS /ʃɔːr/

the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading THE RETURN OF ODYSSEUS TO THE ISLAND OF CIRCÈ "When we reached Circè's isle, we dragged our vessel up on to the beach, and lay down to sleep on the shore.

sleepnounUS /sliːp/

a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended

From this reading THE RETURN OF ODYSSEUS TO THE ISLAND OF CIRCÈ "When we reached Circè's isle, we dragged our vessel up on to the beach, and lay down to sleep on the shore.

supplyverbUS /səˈplaɪ/

give something useful or necessary to

From this reading "All this was done quietly, but Circè saw us and came with her maids, bringing a generous supply of food and wine.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE RETURN OF ODYSSEUS TO THE ISLAND OF CIRCÈ "When we reached Circè's isle, we dragged our vessel up on to the beach, and lay down to sleep on the shore.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There we burned the body and performed the funeral rites, and we built a tomb and placed an oar at the top of it.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading "All this was done quietly, but Circè saw us and came with her maids, bringing a generous supply of food and wine.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE RETURN OF ODYSSEUS TO THE ISLAND OF CIRCÈ "When we reached Circè's isle, we dragged our vessel up on to the beach, and lay down to sleep on the shore.

tombnounUS /tuːm/

a place for the burial of a corpse (especially beneath the ground and marked by a tombstone)

From this reading There we burned the body and performed the funeral rites, and we built a tomb and placed an oar at the top of it.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading We took it out to a rocky place on the shore, and cut down trees to build a funeral pyre.

topnounUS /tɑːp/

the upper part of anything

From this reading There we burned the body and performed the funeral rites, and we built a tomb and placed an oar at the top of it.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading We took it out to a rocky place on the shore, and cut down trees to build a funeral pyre.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading THE RETURN OF ODYSSEUS TO THE ISLAND OF CIRCÈ "When we reached Circè's isle, we dragged our vessel up on to the beach, and lay down to sleep on the shore.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "All this was done quietly, but Circè saw us and came with her maids, bringing a generous supply of food and wine.

vesselnounUS /ˈvesəl/

a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading THE RETURN OF ODYSSEUS TO THE ISLAND OF CIRCÈ "When we reached Circè's isle, we dragged our vessel up on to the beach, and lay down to sleep on the shore.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "All this was done quietly, but Circè saw us and came with her maids, bringing a generous supply of food and wine.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading THE RETURN OF ODYSSEUS TO THE ISLAND OF CIRCÈ "When we reached Circè's isle, we dragged our vessel up on to the beach, and lay down to sleep on the shore.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading THE RETURN OF ODYSSEUS TO THE ISLAND OF CIRCÈ "When we reached Circè's isle, we dragged our vessel up on to the beach, and lay down to sleep on the shore.

winenounUS /waɪn/

fermented juice (of grapes especially)

From this reading "All this was done quietly, but Circè saw us and came with her maids, bringing a generous supply of food and wine.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading "All this was done quietly, but Circè saw us and came with her maids, bringing a generous supply of food and wine.

Chapter 18 of Odysseus, the Hero of Ithaca Adapted from by 751? BCE-651? BCE Homer holds 48 sentences, grouped into 10 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of Odysseus, the Hero of Ithaca Adapted from contain?

Chapter 18 holds 48 sentences of Odysseus, the Hero of Ithaca Adapted from, unabridged, divided into 10 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of Odysseus, the Hero of Ithaca Adapted from by 751? BCE-651? BCE Homer exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 48 sentences, grouped into 10 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of Odysseus, the Hero of Ithaca Adapted from?

Work through the 10 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 10 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Odysseus, the Hero of Ithaca Adapted from

Common questions about reading Odysseus, the Hero of Ithaca Adapted from by 751? BCE-651? BCE Homer on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Odysseus, the Hero of Ithaca Adapted from?

Yes. All 2620 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #24856 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Odysseus, the Hero of Ithaca Adapted from is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #24856, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Odysseus, the Hero of Ithaca Adapted from take to read?

About 218 minutes of reading across 524 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Odysseus, the Hero of Ithaca Adapted from section by section

How to work through Odysseus, the Hero of Ithaca Adapted from section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Odysseus, the Hero of Ithaca Adapted from

Words and structures a reader meets early in Odysseus, the Hero of Ithaca Adapted from, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Odysseus, the Hero of Ithaca Adapted from; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Literary
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Odysseus, the Hero of Ithaca Adapted from; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Landmarks
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Odysseus, the Hero of Ithaca Adapted from; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stories
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Odysseus, the Hero of Ithaca Adapted from; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.