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Old Caravan Days
Old Caravan Days

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Old Caravan Days is here in full — 131 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Old Caravan Days
Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A breath's delay must have been fatal.
Robert had no whip, but doubling the lines and shouting at the top of his voice, he braced himself and lashed the gray.
The respectable beast leaped with astonishment, dragging its fellow along.
The fore wheels cleared the track, and Bobaday's head was filled with the prolonged cry of the locomotive.
Zene sprang up, and the hind part of the wagon received a crash which threw the boy out at the side, and Zene quite across the gray's back.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Old Caravan Days

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Old Caravan Days is here in full — 131 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A breath's delay must have been fatal.
Line 2
Robert had no whip, but doubling the lines and shouting at the top of his voice, he braced himself and lashed the gray.
/ˈrɑːbərt hæd noʊ wɪp bʌt ˈdʌbəlɪŋ ðə laɪnz ənd ˈʃaʊtɪŋ æt ðə tɑːp ʌv hɪz vɔɪs hiː breɪst hɪmˈself ənd læʃt ðə ɡreɪ/
Line 3
The respectable beast leaped with astonishment, dragging its fellow along.
/ðə rɪˈspektəbəl biːst lept wɪð əˈstɑːnɪʃmənt ˈdræɡɪŋ ɪts ˈfeloʊ əˈlɔːŋ/
Line 4
The fore wheels cleared the track, and Bobaday's head was filled with the prolonged cry of the locomotive.
Line 5
Zene sprang up, and the hind part of the wagon received a crash which threw the boy out at the side, and Zene quite across the gray's back.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

braced adjective US /breɪst/

positioned so as to be ready for confrontation or danger

From this reading “Robert had no whip, but doubling the lines and shouting at the top of his voice, he braced himself and lashed the gray.”

doubling noun US /ˈdʌbəlɪŋ/

increase by a factor of two

From this reading “Robert had no whip, but doubling the lines and shouting at the top of his voice, he braced himself and lashed the gray.”

fore noun US /fɔːr/

front part of a vessel or aircraft

From this reading “The fore wheels cleared the track, and Bobaday's head was filled with the prolonged cry of the locomotive.”

gray's noun US /ɡreɪz/

possessive form of “gray” — a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading “Zene sprang up, and the hind part of the wagon received a crash which threw the boy out at the side, and Zene quite across the gray's back.”

hind noun US /haɪnd/

any of several mostly spotted fishes that resemble groupers

From this reading “Zene sprang up, and the hind part of the wagon received a crash which threw the boy out at the side, and Zene quite across the gray's back.”

lashed verb US /læʃt/

past form of “lash” — beat severely with a whip or rod

From this reading “Robert had no whip, but doubling the lines and shouting at the top of his voice, he braced himself and lashed the gray.”

locomotive noun US /ˌloʊkəˈmoʊtɪv/

a wheeled vehicle consisting of a self-propelled engine that is used to draw trains along railway tracks

From this reading “The fore wheels cleared the track, and Bobaday's head was filled with the prolonged cry of the locomotive.”

prolonged adjective US /prəˈlɔːŋd/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading “The fore wheels cleared the track, and Bobaday's head was filled with the prolonged cry of the locomotive.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A breath's delay must have been fatal.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading Zene sprang up, and the hind part of the wagon received a crash which threw the boy out at the side, and Zene quite across the gray's back.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading The respectable beast leaped with astonishment, dragging its fellow along.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Robert had no whip, but doubling the lines and shouting at the top of his voice, he braced himself and lashed the gray.

astonishmentnounUS /əˈstɑːnɪʃmənt/

the feeling that accompanies something extremely surprising

From this reading The respectable beast leaped with astonishment, dragging its fellow along.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Robert had no whip, but doubling the lines and shouting at the top of his voice, he braced himself and lashed the gray.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Zene sprang up, and the hind part of the wagon received a crash which threw the boy out at the side, and Zene quite across the gray's back.

beastnounUS /biːst/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading The respectable beast leaped with astonishment, dragging its fellow along.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading A breath's delay must have been fatal.

Bobaday's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fore wheels cleared the track, and Bobaday's head was filled with the prolonged cry of the locomotive.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading Zene sprang up, and the hind part of the wagon received a crash which threw the boy out at the side, and Zene quite across the gray's back.

bracedadjectiveUS /breɪst/

positioned so as to be ready for confrontation or danger

From this reading Robert had no whip, but doubling the lines and shouting at the top of his voice, he braced himself and lashed the gray.

breath's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A breath's delay must have been fatal.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Robert had no whip, but doubling the lines and shouting at the top of his voice, he braced himself and lashed the gray.

clearedadjectiveUS /klɪrd/

rid of objects or obstructions such as e.g. trees and brush

From this reading The fore wheels cleared the track, and Bobaday's head was filled with the prolonged cry of the locomotive.

crashverbUS /kræʃ/

fall or come down violently

From this reading Zene sprang up, and the hind part of the wagon received a crash which threw the boy out at the side, and Zene quite across the gray's back.

cryverbUS /kraɪ/

utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading The fore wheels cleared the track, and Bobaday's head was filled with the prolonged cry of the locomotive.

delayverbUS /dɪˈleɪ/

cause to be slowed down or delayed

From this reading A breath's delay must have been fatal.

doublingnounUS /ˈdʌbəlɪŋ/

increase by a factor of two

From this reading Robert had no whip, but doubling the lines and shouting at the top of his voice, he braced himself and lashed the gray.

draggingadjectiveUS /ˈdræɡɪŋ/

marked by a painfully slow and effortful manner

From this reading The respectable beast leaped with astonishment, dragging its fellow along.

fataladjectiveUS /ˈfeɪtəl/

bringing death

From this reading A breath's delay must have been fatal.

fellownounUS /ˈfeloʊ/

a boy or man

From this reading The respectable beast leaped with astonishment, dragging its fellow along.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading The fore wheels cleared the track, and Bobaday's head was filled with the prolonged cry of the locomotive.

forenounUS /fɔːr/

front part of a vessel or aircraft

From this reading The fore wheels cleared the track, and Bobaday's head was filled with the prolonged cry of the locomotive.

graynounUS /ɡreɪ/

a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading Robert had no whip, but doubling the lines and shouting at the top of his voice, he braced himself and lashed the gray.

gray'snounUS /ɡreɪz/

possessive form of “gray” — a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading Zene sprang up, and the hind part of the wagon received a crash which threw the boy out at the side, and Zene quite across the gray's back.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Robert had no whip, but doubling the lines and shouting at the top of his voice, he braced himself and lashed the gray.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading A breath's delay must have been fatal.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Robert had no whip, but doubling the lines and shouting at the top of his voice, he braced himself and lashed the gray.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading The fore wheels cleared the track, and Bobaday's head was filled with the prolonged cry of the locomotive.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Robert had no whip, but doubling the lines and shouting at the top of his voice, he braced himself and lashed the gray.

hindnounUS /haɪnd/

any of several mostly spotted fishes that resemble groupers

From this reading Zene sprang up, and the hind part of the wagon received a crash which threw the boy out at the side, and Zene quite across the gray's back.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Robert had no whip, but doubling the lines and shouting at the top of his voice, he braced himself and lashed the gray.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The respectable beast leaped with astonishment, dragging its fellow along.

lashedverbUS /læʃt/

past form of “lash” — beat severely with a whip or rod

From this reading Robert had no whip, but doubling the lines and shouting at the top of his voice, he braced himself and lashed the gray.

leapedverbUS /lept/

past form of “leap” — move forward by leaps and bounds

From this reading The respectable beast leaped with astonishment, dragging its fellow along.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading Robert had no whip, but doubling the lines and shouting at the top of his voice, he braced himself and lashed the gray.

locomotivenounUS /ˌloʊkəˈmoʊtɪv/

a wheeled vehicle consisting of a self-propelled engine that is used to draw trains along railway tracks

From this reading The fore wheels cleared the track, and Bobaday's head was filled with the prolonged cry of the locomotive.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading A breath's delay must have been fatal.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Robert had no whip, but doubling the lines and shouting at the top of his voice, he braced himself and lashed the gray.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Robert had no whip, but doubling the lines and shouting at the top of his voice, he braced himself and lashed the gray.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Zene sprang up, and the hind part of the wagon received a crash which threw the boy out at the side, and Zene quite across the gray's back.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Zene sprang up, and the hind part of the wagon received a crash which threw the boy out at the side, and Zene quite across the gray's back.

prolongedadjectiveUS /prəˈlɔːŋd/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading The fore wheels cleared the track, and Bobaday's head was filled with the prolonged cry of the locomotive.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading Zene sprang up, and the hind part of the wagon received a crash which threw the boy out at the side, and Zene quite across the gray's back.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading Zene sprang up, and the hind part of the wagon received a crash which threw the boy out at the side, and Zene quite across the gray's back.

respectableadjectiveUS /rɪˈspektəbəl/

characterized by socially or conventionally acceptable morals

From this reading The respectable beast leaped with astonishment, dragging its fellow along.

RobertnounUS /ˈrɑːbərt/

United States parliamentary authority and author (in 1876) of Robert's Rules of Order (1837-1923)

From this reading Robert had no whip, but doubling the lines and shouting at the top of his voice, he braced himself and lashed the gray.

shoutingnounUS /ˈʃaʊtɪŋ/

encouragement in the form of cheers from spectators

From this reading Robert had no whip, but doubling the lines and shouting at the top of his voice, he braced himself and lashed the gray.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading Zene sprang up, and the hind part of the wagon received a crash which threw the boy out at the side, and Zene quite across the gray's back.

sprangverbUS /spræŋ/

inflected form of “spring” — move forward by leaps and bounds

From this reading Zene sprang up, and the hind part of the wagon received a crash which threw the boy out at the side, and Zene quite across the gray's back.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Robert had no whip, but doubling the lines and shouting at the top of his voice, he braced himself and lashed the gray.

threwverbUS /θruː/

inflected form of “throw” — propel through the air

From this reading Zene sprang up, and the hind part of the wagon received a crash which threw the boy out at the side, and Zene quite across the gray's back.

topnounUS /tɑːp/

the upper part of anything

From this reading Robert had no whip, but doubling the lines and shouting at the top of his voice, he braced himself and lashed the gray.

tracknounUS /træk/

a line or route along which something travels or moves

From this reading The fore wheels cleared the track, and Bobaday's head was filled with the prolonged cry of the locomotive.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Zene sprang up, and the hind part of the wagon received a crash which threw the boy out at the side, and Zene quite across the gray's back.

voicenounUS /vɔɪs/

the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading Robert had no whip, but doubling the lines and shouting at the top of his voice, he braced himself and lashed the gray.

wagonnounUS /ˈwæɡən/

any of various kinds of wheeled vehicles drawn by an animal or a tractor

From this reading Zene sprang up, and the hind part of the wagon received a crash which threw the boy out at the side, and Zene quite across the gray's back.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The fore wheels cleared the track, and Bobaday's head was filled with the prolonged cry of the locomotive.

wheelsnounUS /wiːlz/

plural of “wheel” — a simple machine consisting of a circular frame with spokes (or a solid disc) that can rotate on a shaft or axle (as in vehicles or other machines)

From this reading The fore wheels cleared the track, and Bobaday's head was filled with the prolonged cry of the locomotive.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Zene sprang up, and the hind part of the wagon received a crash which threw the boy out at the side, and Zene quite across the gray's back.

whipverbUS /wɪp/

beat severely with a whip or rod

From this reading Robert had no whip, but doubling the lines and shouting at the top of his voice, he braced himself and lashed the gray.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The respectable beast leaped with astonishment, dragging its fellow along.

Zene

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Zene sprang up, and the hind part of the wagon received a crash which threw the boy out at the side, and Zene quite across the gray's back.

Chapter 8 of Old Caravan Days by Mary Hartwell Catherwood holds 131 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Old Caravan Days contain?

Chapter 8 holds 131 sentences of Old Caravan Days, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Old Caravan Days by Mary Hartwell Catherwood exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 131 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Old Caravan Days?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Old Caravan Days

Common questions about reading Old Caravan Days by Mary Hartwell Catherwood on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Old Caravan Days?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Old Caravan Days is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Old Caravan Days take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Old Caravan Days section by section

How to work through Old Caravan Days section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Old Caravan Days to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Old Caravan Days

Words and structures a reader meets early in Old Caravan Days, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Old Caravan Days, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Old Caravan Days, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.