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Old Crow
Old Crow

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Old Crow is here in full — 416 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Old Crow
Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"A certain gentleman appeared last week with a black eye, gained, it is said, in a scrap with a non-resident interested in keeping the peace in country towns.
It is said both combatants bore themselves gallantly, but that suit for assault and battery is to be brought by the party attacked."
Tenney sat staring at the words, and his mind told him what a fool he was.
That meant the encounter at his gate.
He had ignored that.
0:00 / 0:00
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Old Crow

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Old Crow is here in full — 416 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"A certain gentleman appeared last week with a black eye, gained, it is said, in a scrap with a non-resident interested in keeping the peace in country towns.
Line 2
It is said both combatants bore themselves gallantly, but that suit for assault and battery is to be brought by the party attacked."
/ɪt ɪz sed boʊθ kəmˈbætənts bɔːr ðemˈselvz ˈɡæləntli bʌt ðæt suːt fɔːr əˈsɔːlt ənd ˈbætəri ɪz tuː biː brɔːt baɪ ðə ˈpɑːrti əˈtækt/
Line 3
Tenney sat staring at the words, and his mind told him what a fool he was.
Line 4
That meant the encounter at his gate.
/ðæt ment ðə ɪnˈkaʊntər æt hɪz ɡeɪt/
Line 5
He had ignored that.
/hiː hæd ˌɪɡˈnɔːrd ðæt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

assault noun US /əˈsɔːlt/

close fighting during the culmination of a military attack

From this reading “It is said both combatants bore themselves gallantly, but that suit for assault and battery is to be brought by the party attacked."”

battery noun US /ˈbætəri/

group of guns or missile launchers operated together at one place

From this reading “It is said both combatants bore themselves gallantly, but that suit for assault and battery is to be brought by the party attacked."”

combatants noun US /kəmˈbætənts/

plural of “combatant” — someone who fights (or is fighting)

From this reading “It is said both combatants bore themselves gallantly, but that suit for assault and battery is to be brought by the party attacked."”

encounter verb US /ɪnˈkaʊntər/

come together

From this reading “That meant the encounter at his gate.”

gallantly adverb US /ˈɡæləntli/

in a gallant manner

From this reading “It is said both combatants bore themselves gallantly, but that suit for assault and battery is to be brought by the party attacked."”

ignored adjective US /ˌɪɡˈnɔːrd/

disregarded

From this reading “He had ignored that.”

scrap noun US /skræp/

a small fragment of something broken off from the whole

From this reading “"A certain gentleman appeared last week with a black eye, gained, it is said, in a scrap with a non-resident interested in keeping the peace in country towns.”

towns noun US /taʊnz/

plural of “town” — an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading “"A certain gentleman appeared last week with a black eye, gained, it is said, in a scrap with a non-resident interested in keeping the peace in country towns.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

last week adjective + noun

In this reading “"A certain gentleman appeared last week with a black eye, gained, it is said, in a scrap with a non-resident interested in keeping the peace in country towns.”

black eye adjective + noun

a swollen bruise caused by a blow to the eye

In this reading “"A certain gentleman appeared last week with a black eye, gained, it is said, in a scrap with a non-resident interested in keeping the peace in country towns.”

country towns noun + noun counted as “country town”

In this reading “"A certain gentleman appeared last week with a black eye, gained, it is said, in a scrap with a non-resident interested in keeping the peace in country towns.”

in keeping preposition + noun

In this reading “"A certain gentleman appeared last week with a black eye, gained, it is said, in a scrap with a non-resident interested in keeping the peace in country towns.”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "A certain gentleman appeared last week with a black eye, gained, it is said, in a scrap with a non-resident interested in keeping the peace in country towns.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It is said both combatants bore themselves gallantly, but that suit for assault and battery is to be brought by the party attacked."

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading "A certain gentleman appeared last week with a black eye, gained, it is said, in a scrap with a non-resident interested in keeping the peace in country towns.

assaultnounUS /əˈsɔːlt/

close fighting during the culmination of a military attack

From this reading It is said both combatants bore themselves gallantly, but that suit for assault and battery is to be brought by the party attacked."

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Tenney sat staring at the words, and his mind told him what a fool he was.

attackedverbUS /əˈtækt/

past form of “attack” — launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities or start warfare with

From this reading It is said both combatants bore themselves gallantly, but that suit for assault and battery is to be brought by the party attacked."

batterynounUS /ˈbætəri/

group of guns or missile launchers operated together at one place

From this reading It is said both combatants bore themselves gallantly, but that suit for assault and battery is to be brought by the party attacked."

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It is said both combatants bore themselves gallantly, but that suit for assault and battery is to be brought by the party attacked."

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading "A certain gentleman appeared last week with a black eye, gained, it is said, in a scrap with a non-resident interested in keeping the peace in country towns.

boreverbUS /bɔːr/

cause to be bored

From this reading It is said both combatants bore themselves gallantly, but that suit for assault and battery is to be brought by the party attacked."

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading It is said both combatants bore themselves gallantly, but that suit for assault and battery is to be brought by the party attacked."

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading It is said both combatants bore themselves gallantly, but that suit for assault and battery is to be brought by the party attacked."

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It is said both combatants bore themselves gallantly, but that suit for assault and battery is to be brought by the party attacked."

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It is said both combatants bore themselves gallantly, but that suit for assault and battery is to be brought by the party attacked."

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading "A certain gentleman appeared last week with a black eye, gained, it is said, in a scrap with a non-resident interested in keeping the peace in country towns.

combatantsnounUS /kəmˈbætənts/

plural of “combatant” — someone who fights (or is fighting)

From this reading It is said both combatants bore themselves gallantly, but that suit for assault and battery is to be brought by the party attacked."

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading "A certain gentleman appeared last week with a black eye, gained, it is said, in a scrap with a non-resident interested in keeping the peace in country towns.

encounterverbUS /ɪnˈkaʊntər/

come together

From this reading That meant the encounter at his gate.

eyenounUS /aɪ/

the organ of sight

From this reading "A certain gentleman appeared last week with a black eye, gained, it is said, in a scrap with a non-resident interested in keeping the peace in country towns.

foolnounUS /fuːl/

a person who lacks good judgment

From this reading Tenney sat staring at the words, and his mind told him what a fool he was.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It is said both combatants bore themselves gallantly, but that suit for assault and battery is to be brought by the party attacked."

gainedverbUS /ɡeɪnd/

past form of “gain” — obtain

From this reading "A certain gentleman appeared last week with a black eye, gained, it is said, in a scrap with a non-resident interested in keeping the peace in country towns.

gallantlyadverbUS /ˈɡæləntli/

in a gallant manner

From this reading It is said both combatants bore themselves gallantly, but that suit for assault and battery is to be brought by the party attacked."

gatenounUS /ɡeɪt/

a movable barrier in a fence or wall

From this reading That meant the encounter at his gate.

gentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading "A certain gentleman appeared last week with a black eye, gained, it is said, in a scrap with a non-resident interested in keeping the peace in country towns.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He had ignored that.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Tenney sat staring at the words, and his mind told him what a fool he was.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Tenney sat staring at the words, and his mind told him what a fool he was.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Tenney sat staring at the words, and his mind told him what a fool he was.

ignoredadjectiveUS /ˌɪɡˈnɔːrd/

disregarded

From this reading He had ignored that.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading "A certain gentleman appeared last week with a black eye, gained, it is said, in a scrap with a non-resident interested in keeping the peace in country towns.

interestedadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪd/

having or showing interest; especially curiosity or fascination or concern

From this reading "A certain gentleman appeared last week with a black eye, gained, it is said, in a scrap with a non-resident interested in keeping the peace in country towns.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "A certain gentleman appeared last week with a black eye, gained, it is said, in a scrap with a non-resident interested in keeping the peace in country towns.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading "A certain gentleman appeared last week with a black eye, gained, it is said, in a scrap with a non-resident interested in keeping the peace in country towns.

keepingnounUS /ˈkiːpɪŋ/

conformity or harmony

From this reading "A certain gentleman appeared last week with a black eye, gained, it is said, in a scrap with a non-resident interested in keeping the peace in country towns.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading "A certain gentleman appeared last week with a black eye, gained, it is said, in a scrap with a non-resident interested in keeping the peace in country towns.

meantverbUS /ment/

inflected form of “mean” — mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading That meant the encounter at his gate.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Tenney sat staring at the words, and his mind told him what a fool he was.

non-resident

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "A certain gentleman appeared last week with a black eye, gained, it is said, in a scrap with a non-resident interested in keeping the peace in country towns.

partynounUS /ˈpɑːrti/

an organization to gain political power

From this reading It is said both combatants bore themselves gallantly, but that suit for assault and battery is to be brought by the party attacked."

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading "A certain gentleman appeared last week with a black eye, gained, it is said, in a scrap with a non-resident interested in keeping the peace in country towns.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "A certain gentleman appeared last week with a black eye, gained, it is said, in a scrap with a non-resident interested in keeping the peace in country towns.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading Tenney sat staring at the words, and his mind told him what a fool he was.

scrapnounUS /skræp/

a small fragment of something broken off from the whole

From this reading "A certain gentleman appeared last week with a black eye, gained, it is said, in a scrap with a non-resident interested in keeping the peace in country towns.

staringadjectiveUS /ˈsterɪŋ/

(used of eyes) open and fixed as if in fear or wonder

From this reading Tenney sat staring at the words, and his mind told him what a fool he was.

suitverbUS /suːt/

be agreeable or acceptable to

From this reading It is said both combatants bore themselves gallantly, but that suit for assault and battery is to be brought by the party attacked."

Tenney

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tenney sat staring at the words, and his mind told him what a fool he was.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It is said both combatants bore themselves gallantly, but that suit for assault and battery is to be brought by the party attacked."

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "A certain gentleman appeared last week with a black eye, gained, it is said, in a scrap with a non-resident interested in keeping the peace in country towns.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading It is said both combatants bore themselves gallantly, but that suit for assault and battery is to be brought by the party attacked."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is said both combatants bore themselves gallantly, but that suit for assault and battery is to be brought by the party attacked."

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading Tenney sat staring at the words, and his mind told him what a fool he was.

townsnounUS /taʊnz/

plural of “town” — an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading "A certain gentleman appeared last week with a black eye, gained, it is said, in a scrap with a non-resident interested in keeping the peace in country towns.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Tenney sat staring at the words, and his mind told him what a fool he was.

weeknounUS /wiːk/

any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading "A certain gentleman appeared last week with a black eye, gained, it is said, in a scrap with a non-resident interested in keeping the peace in country towns.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Tenney sat staring at the words, and his mind told him what a fool he was.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading "A certain gentleman appeared last week with a black eye, gained, it is said, in a scrap with a non-resident interested in keeping the peace in country towns.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading Tenney sat staring at the words, and his mind told him what a fool he was.

Chapter 20 of Old Crow by Alice Brown holds 416 sentences, grouped into 84 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Old Crow contain?

Chapter 20 holds 416 sentences of Old Crow, unabridged, divided into 84 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Old Crow by Alice Brown exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 416 sentences, grouped into 84 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Old Crow?

Work through the 84 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 84 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Old Crow

Common questions about reading Old Crow by Alice Brown on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Old Crow?

Yes. All 11881 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #31372 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Old Crow is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #31372, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Old Crow take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2377 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Old Crow section by section

How to work through Old Crow section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 29 chapters of Old Crow to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Old Crow

Words and structures a reader meets early in Old Crow, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Electrotyped
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Old Crow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Published
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Old Crow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
October
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Old Crow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Raven
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Old Crow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.