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Old English Poems Translated into
Old English Poems Translated into

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Old English Poems Translated into is here in full — 428 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Old English Poems Translated into
Context Illustration Reading 1/85 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
V. A Shield A lonely warrior, I am wounded with iron, Scarred with sword-points, sated with battle-play, Weary of weapons.
I have witnessed much fighting, Much stubborn strife.
From the strokes of war 5 I have no hope for help or release Ere I pass from the world with the proud warrior band.
With brands and billies they beat upon me; The hard edges hack me; the handwork of smiths In crowds I encounter; with courage I endure 10 Ever bitterer battles.
No balm may I find, And no doctor to heal me in the whole field of battle, To bind me with ointments and bring me to health, But my grievous gashes grow ever sorer Through death-dealing strokes by day and night.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Old English Poems Translated into

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Old English Poems Translated into is here in full — 428 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/85 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
V. A Shield A lonely warrior, I am wounded with iron, Scarred with sword-points, sated with battle-play, Weary of weapons.
Line 2
I have witnessed much fighting, Much stubborn strife.
/aɪ hæv ˈwɪtnəst mʌtʃ ˈfaɪtɪŋ mʌtʃ ˈstʌbərn straɪf/
Line 3
From the strokes of war 5 I have no hope for help or release Ere I pass from the world with the proud warrior band.
Line 4
With brands and billies they beat upon me; The hard edges hack me; the handwork of smiths In crowds I encounter; with courage I endure 10 Ever bitterer battles.
Line 5
No balm may I find, And no doctor to heal me in the whole field of battle, To bind me with ointments and bring me to health, But my grievous gashes grow ever sorer Through death-dealing strokes by day and night.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

balm noun US /bɑːm/

any of various aromatic resinous substances used for healing and soothing

From this reading “No balm may I find, And no doctor to heal me in the whole field of battle, To bind me with ointments and bring me to health, But my grievous gashes grow ever sorer Through death-dealing strokes by day and night.”

brands noun US /brændz/

plural of “brand” — a name given to a product or service

From this reading “With brands and billies they beat upon me; The hard edges hack me; the handwork of smiths In crowds I encounter; with courage I endure 10 Ever bitterer battles.”

gashes noun US /ˈɡæʃəz/

plural of “gash” — a wound made by cutting

From this reading “No balm may I find, And no doctor to heal me in the whole field of battle, To bind me with ointments and bring me to health, But my grievous gashes grow ever sorer Through death-dealing strokes by day and night.”

hack noun US /hæk/

one who works hard at boring tasks

From this reading “With brands and billies they beat upon me; The hard edges hack me; the handwork of smiths In crowds I encounter; with courage I endure 10 Ever bitterer battles.”

heal verb US /hiːl/

heal or recover

From this reading “No balm may I find, And no doctor to heal me in the whole field of battle, To bind me with ointments and bring me to health, But my grievous gashes grow ever sorer Through death-dealing strokes by day and night.”

sated verb US /ˈseɪtɪd/

past form of “sate” — fill to satisfaction

From this reading “V. A Shield A lonely warrior, I am wounded with iron, Scarred with sword-points, sated with battle-play, Weary of weapons.”

Scarred adjective US /skɑːrd/

deeply affected or marked by mental or physical pain or injury

From this reading “V. A Shield A lonely warrior, I am wounded with iron, Scarred with sword-points, sated with battle-play, Weary of weapons.”

smiths noun US /smɪθs/

plural of “smith” — Rhodesian statesman who declared independence of Zimbabwe from Great Britain (born in 1919)

From this reading “With brands and billies they beat upon me; The hard edges hack me; the handwork of smiths In crowds I encounter; with courage I endure 10 Ever bitterer battles.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

whole field adjective + noun

In this reading “No balm may I find, And no doctor to heal me in the whole field of battle, To bind me with ointments and bring me to health, But my grievous gashes grow ever sorer Through death-dealing strokes by day and night.”

beat upon verb + particle

In this reading “With brands and billies they beat upon me; The hard edges hack me; the handwork of smiths In crowds I encounter; with courage I endure 10 Ever bitterer battles.”

Weary of verb + particle

In this reading “V. A Shield A lonely warrior, I am wounded with iron, Scarred with sword-points, sated with battle-play, Weary of weapons.”

pass from verb + particle

In this reading “From the strokes of war 5 I have no hope for help or release Ere I pass from the world with the proud warrior band.”

by day preposition + noun

In this reading “No balm may I find, And no doctor to heal me in the whole field of battle, To bind me with ointments and bring me to health, But my grievous gashes grow ever sorer Through death-dealing strokes by day and night.”

with iron preposition + noun

In this reading “V. A Shield A lonely warrior, I am wounded with iron, Scarred with sword-points, sated with battle-play, Weary of weapons.”

All words in this reading · 84

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

10

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading With brands and billies they beat upon me; The hard edges hack me; the handwork of smiths In crowds I encounter; with courage I endure 10 Ever bitterer battles.

5

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the strokes of war 5 I have no hope for help or release Ere I pass from the world with the proud warrior band.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading V. A Shield A lonely warrior, I am wounded with iron, Scarred with sword-points, sated with battle-play, Weary of weapons.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading V. A Shield A lonely warrior, I am wounded with iron, Scarred with sword-points, sated with battle-play, Weary of weapons.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading With brands and billies they beat upon me; The hard edges hack me; the handwork of smiths In crowds I encounter; with courage I endure 10 Ever bitterer battles.

balmnounUS /bɑːm/

any of various aromatic resinous substances used for healing and soothing

From this reading No balm may I find, And no doctor to heal me in the whole field of battle, To bind me with ointments and bring me to health, But my grievous gashes grow ever sorer Through death-dealing strokes by day and night.

bandnounUS /bænd/

an unofficial association of people or groups

From this reading From the strokes of war 5 I have no hope for help or release Ere I pass from the world with the proud warrior band.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading No balm may I find, And no doctor to heal me in the whole field of battle, To bind me with ointments and bring me to health, But my grievous gashes grow ever sorer Through death-dealing strokes by day and night.

battle-play

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading V. A Shield A lonely warrior, I am wounded with iron, Scarred with sword-points, sated with battle-play, Weary of weapons.

battlesnounUS /ˈbætəlz/

plural of “battle” — a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading With brands and billies they beat upon me; The hard edges hack me; the handwork of smiths In crowds I encounter; with courage I endure 10 Ever bitterer battles.

beatverbUS /biːt/

come out better in a competition, race, or conflict

From this reading With brands and billies they beat upon me; The hard edges hack me; the handwork of smiths In crowds I encounter; with courage I endure 10 Ever bitterer battles.

billies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading With brands and billies they beat upon me; The hard edges hack me; the handwork of smiths In crowds I encounter; with courage I endure 10 Ever bitterer battles.

bindverbUS /baɪnd/

stick to firmly

From this reading No balm may I find, And no doctor to heal me in the whole field of battle, To bind me with ointments and bring me to health, But my grievous gashes grow ever sorer Through death-dealing strokes by day and night.

bitterer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading With brands and billies they beat upon me; The hard edges hack me; the handwork of smiths In crowds I encounter; with courage I endure 10 Ever bitterer battles.

brandsnounUS /brændz/

plural of “brand” — a name given to a product or service

From this reading With brands and billies they beat upon me; The hard edges hack me; the handwork of smiths In crowds I encounter; with courage I endure 10 Ever bitterer battles.

bringverbUS /brɪŋ/

take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading No balm may I find, And no doctor to heal me in the whole field of battle, To bind me with ointments and bring me to health, But my grievous gashes grow ever sorer Through death-dealing strokes by day and night.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading No balm may I find, And no doctor to heal me in the whole field of battle, To bind me with ointments and bring me to health, But my grievous gashes grow ever sorer Through death-dealing strokes by day and night.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading No balm may I find, And no doctor to heal me in the whole field of battle, To bind me with ointments and bring me to health, But my grievous gashes grow ever sorer Through death-dealing strokes by day and night.

couragenounUS /ˈkɜːrədʒ/

a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear

From this reading With brands and billies they beat upon me; The hard edges hack me; the handwork of smiths In crowds I encounter; with courage I endure 10 Ever bitterer battles.

crowdsnounUS /kraʊdz/

plural of “crowd” — a large number of things or people considered together

From this reading With brands and billies they beat upon me; The hard edges hack me; the handwork of smiths In crowds I encounter; with courage I endure 10 Ever bitterer battles.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading No balm may I find, And no doctor to heal me in the whole field of battle, To bind me with ointments and bring me to health, But my grievous gashes grow ever sorer Through death-dealing strokes by day and night.

death-dealing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No balm may I find, And no doctor to heal me in the whole field of battle, To bind me with ointments and bring me to health, But my grievous gashes grow ever sorer Through death-dealing strokes by day and night.

doctornounUS /ˈdɑːktər/

a licensed medical practitioner

From this reading No balm may I find, And no doctor to heal me in the whole field of battle, To bind me with ointments and bring me to health, But my grievous gashes grow ever sorer Through death-dealing strokes by day and night.

edgesnounUS /ˈedʒəz/

plural of “edge” — the boundary of a surface

From this reading With brands and billies they beat upon me; The hard edges hack me; the handwork of smiths In crowds I encounter; with courage I endure 10 Ever bitterer battles.

encounterverbUS /ɪnˈkaʊntər/

come together

From this reading With brands and billies they beat upon me; The hard edges hack me; the handwork of smiths In crowds I encounter; with courage I endure 10 Ever bitterer battles.

endureverbUS /enˈdjʊr/

put up with something or somebody unpleasant

From this reading With brands and billies they beat upon me; The hard edges hack me; the handwork of smiths In crowds I encounter; with courage I endure 10 Ever bitterer battles.

EreconjunctionUS /er/

an old word for “before”

From this reading From the strokes of war 5 I have no hope for help or release Ere I pass from the world with the proud warrior band.

EveradverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading With brands and billies they beat upon me; The hard edges hack me; the handwork of smiths In crowds I encounter; with courage I endure 10 Ever bitterer battles.

fieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading No balm may I find, And no doctor to heal me in the whole field of battle, To bind me with ointments and bring me to health, But my grievous gashes grow ever sorer Through death-dealing strokes by day and night.

fightingnounUS /ˈfaɪtɪŋ/

the act of fighting; any contest or struggle

From this reading I have witnessed much fighting, Much stubborn strife.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading No balm may I find, And no doctor to heal me in the whole field of battle, To bind me with ointments and bring me to health, But my grievous gashes grow ever sorer Through death-dealing strokes by day and night.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading From the strokes of war 5 I have no hope for help or release Ere I pass from the world with the proud warrior band.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From the strokes of war 5 I have no hope for help or release Ere I pass from the world with the proud warrior band.

gashesnounUS /ˈɡæʃəz/

plural of “gash” — a wound made by cutting

From this reading No balm may I find, And no doctor to heal me in the whole field of battle, To bind me with ointments and bring me to health, But my grievous gashes grow ever sorer Through death-dealing strokes by day and night.

grievousadjectiveUS /ˈɡriːvəs/

causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm

From this reading No balm may I find, And no doctor to heal me in the whole field of battle, To bind me with ointments and bring me to health, But my grievous gashes grow ever sorer Through death-dealing strokes by day and night.

growverbUS /ɡroʊ/

pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading No balm may I find, And no doctor to heal me in the whole field of battle, To bind me with ointments and bring me to health, But my grievous gashes grow ever sorer Through death-dealing strokes by day and night.

hacknounUS /hæk/

one who works hard at boring tasks

From this reading With brands and billies they beat upon me; The hard edges hack me; the handwork of smiths In crowds I encounter; with courage I endure 10 Ever bitterer battles.

handworknoun

a work produced by hand labor

From this reading With brands and billies they beat upon me; The hard edges hack me; the handwork of smiths In crowds I encounter; with courage I endure 10 Ever bitterer battles.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading With brands and billies they beat upon me; The hard edges hack me; the handwork of smiths In crowds I encounter; with courage I endure 10 Ever bitterer battles.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I have witnessed much fighting, Much stubborn strife.

healverbUS /hiːl/

heal or recover

From this reading No balm may I find, And no doctor to heal me in the whole field of battle, To bind me with ointments and bring me to health, But my grievous gashes grow ever sorer Through death-dealing strokes by day and night.

healthnounUS /helθ/

a healthy state of wellbeing free from disease

From this reading No balm may I find, And no doctor to heal me in the whole field of battle, To bind me with ointments and bring me to health, But my grievous gashes grow ever sorer Through death-dealing strokes by day and night.

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading From the strokes of war 5 I have no hope for help or release Ere I pass from the world with the proud warrior band.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading From the strokes of war 5 I have no hope for help or release Ere I pass from the world with the proud warrior band.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading V. A Shield A lonely warrior, I am wounded with iron, Scarred with sword-points, sated with battle-play, Weary of weapons.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading With brands and billies they beat upon me; The hard edges hack me; the handwork of smiths In crowds I encounter; with courage I endure 10 Ever bitterer battles.

ironnounUS /ˈaɪərn/

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading V. A Shield A lonely warrior, I am wounded with iron, Scarred with sword-points, sated with battle-play, Weary of weapons.

lonelyadjectiveUS /ˈloʊnli/

lacking companions or companionship

From this reading V. A Shield A lonely warrior, I am wounded with iron, Scarred with sword-points, sated with battle-play, Weary of weapons.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading No balm may I find, And no doctor to heal me in the whole field of battle, To bind me with ointments and bring me to health, But my grievous gashes grow ever sorer Through death-dealing strokes by day and night.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading With brands and billies they beat upon me; The hard edges hack me; the handwork of smiths In crowds I encounter; with courage I endure 10 Ever bitterer battles.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading I have witnessed much fighting, Much stubborn strife.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading No balm may I find, And no doctor to heal me in the whole field of battle, To bind me with ointments and bring me to health, But my grievous gashes grow ever sorer Through death-dealing strokes by day and night.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading No balm may I find, And no doctor to heal me in the whole field of battle, To bind me with ointments and bring me to health, But my grievous gashes grow ever sorer Through death-dealing strokes by day and night.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading From the strokes of war 5 I have no hope for help or release Ere I pass from the world with the proud warrior band.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading V. A Shield A lonely warrior, I am wounded with iron, Scarred with sword-points, sated with battle-play, Weary of weapons.

ointments

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No balm may I find, And no doctor to heal me in the whole field of battle, To bind me with ointments and bring me to health, But my grievous gashes grow ever sorer Through death-dealing strokes by day and night.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading From the strokes of war 5 I have no hope for help or release Ere I pass from the world with the proud warrior band.

passverbUS /pæs/

go across or through

From this reading From the strokes of war 5 I have no hope for help or release Ere I pass from the world with the proud warrior band.

proudadjectiveUS /praʊd/

feeling self-respect or pleasure in something by which you measure your self-worth; or being a reason for pride

From this reading From the strokes of war 5 I have no hope for help or release Ere I pass from the world with the proud warrior band.

releaseverbUS /riˈliːs/

release, as from one's grip

From this reading From the strokes of war 5 I have no hope for help or release Ere I pass from the world with the proud warrior band.

satedverbUS /ˈseɪtɪd/

past form of “sate” — fill to satisfaction

From this reading V. A Shield A lonely warrior, I am wounded with iron, Scarred with sword-points, sated with battle-play, Weary of weapons.

ScarredadjectiveUS /skɑːrd/

deeply affected or marked by mental or physical pain or injury

From this reading V. A Shield A lonely warrior, I am wounded with iron, Scarred with sword-points, sated with battle-play, Weary of weapons.

ShieldnounUS /ʃiːld/

a protective covering or structure

From this reading V. A Shield A lonely warrior, I am wounded with iron, Scarred with sword-points, sated with battle-play, Weary of weapons.

smithsnounUS /smɪθs/

plural of “smith” — Rhodesian statesman who declared independence of Zimbabwe from Great Britain (born in 1919)

From this reading With brands and billies they beat upon me; The hard edges hack me; the handwork of smiths In crowds I encounter; with courage I endure 10 Ever bitterer battles.

sorer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No balm may I find, And no doctor to heal me in the whole field of battle, To bind me with ointments and bring me to health, But my grievous gashes grow ever sorer Through death-dealing strokes by day and night.

strifenounUS /straɪf/

lack of agreement or harmony

From this reading I have witnessed much fighting, Much stubborn strife.

strokesnounUS /stroʊks/

plural of “stroke” — (sports) the act of swinging or striking at a ball with a club or racket or bat or cue or hand

From this reading From the strokes of war 5 I have no hope for help or release Ere I pass from the world with the proud warrior band.

stubbornadjectiveUS /ˈstʌbərn/

tenaciously unwilling or marked by tenacious unwillingness to yield

From this reading I have witnessed much fighting, Much stubborn strife.

sword-points

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading V. A Shield A lonely warrior, I am wounded with iron, Scarred with sword-points, sated with battle-play, Weary of weapons.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading From the strokes of war 5 I have no hope for help or release Ere I pass from the world with the proud warrior band.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading With brands and billies they beat upon me; The hard edges hack me; the handwork of smiths In crowds I encounter; with courage I endure 10 Ever bitterer battles.

ThroughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading No balm may I find, And no doctor to heal me in the whole field of battle, To bind me with ointments and bring me to health, But my grievous gashes grow ever sorer Through death-dealing strokes by day and night.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading No balm may I find, And no doctor to heal me in the whole field of battle, To bind me with ointments and bring me to health, But my grievous gashes grow ever sorer Through death-dealing strokes by day and night.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading With brands and billies they beat upon me; The hard edges hack me; the handwork of smiths In crowds I encounter; with courage I endure 10 Ever bitterer battles.

VnounUS /viː/

a unit of potential equal to the potential difference between two points on a conductor carrying a current of 1 ampere when the power dissipated between the two points is 1 watt

From this reading V. A Shield A lonely warrior, I am wounded with iron, Scarred with sword-points, sated with battle-play, Weary of weapons.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading From the strokes of war 5 I have no hope for help or release Ere I pass from the world with the proud warrior band.

warriornounUS /ˈwɔːriər/

someone engaged in or experienced in warfare

From this reading V. A Shield A lonely warrior, I am wounded with iron, Scarred with sword-points, sated with battle-play, Weary of weapons.

weaponsnounUS /ˈwepənz/

plural of “weapon” — any instrument or instrumentality used in fighting or hunting

From this reading V. A Shield A lonely warrior, I am wounded with iron, Scarred with sword-points, sated with battle-play, Weary of weapons.

WearyverbUS /ˈwɪri/

exhaust or get tired through overuse or great strain or stress

From this reading V. A Shield A lonely warrior, I am wounded with iron, Scarred with sword-points, sated with battle-play, Weary of weapons.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading No balm may I find, And no doctor to heal me in the whole field of battle, To bind me with ointments and bring me to health, But my grievous gashes grow ever sorer Through death-dealing strokes by day and night.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading V. A Shield A lonely warrior, I am wounded with iron, Scarred with sword-points, sated with battle-play, Weary of weapons.

witnessedverbUS /ˈwɪtnəst/

past form of “witness” — be a witness to

From this reading I have witnessed much fighting, Much stubborn strife.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading From the strokes of war 5 I have no hope for help or release Ere I pass from the world with the proud warrior band.

woundednounUS /ˈwuːndɪd/

people who are wounded

From this reading V. A Shield A lonely warrior, I am wounded with iron, Scarred with sword-points, sated with battle-play, Weary of weapons.

Chapter 3 of Old English Poems Translated into by Cosette Faust[Translator] Newton holds 428 sentences, grouped into 86 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Old English Poems Translated into contain?

Chapter 3 holds 428 sentences of Old English Poems Translated into, unabridged, divided into 86 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Old English Poems Translated into by Cosette Faust[Translator] Newton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 428 sentences, grouped into 86 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Old English Poems Translated into?

Work through the 86 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 86 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Old English Poems Translated into

Common questions about reading Old English Poems Translated into by Cosette Faust[Translator] Newton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Old English Poems Translated into?

Yes. All 2340 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #31172 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Old English Poems Translated into is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #31172, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Old English Poems Translated into take to read?

About 195 minutes of reading across 468 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Old English Poems Translated into section by section

How to work through Old English Poems Translated into section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 6 chapters of Old English Poems Translated into to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Old English Poems Translated into

Words and structures a reader meets early in Old English Poems Translated into, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Translated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Old English Poems Translated into; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Original
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Old English Poems Translated into; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Meter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Old English Poems Translated into; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Together
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Old English Poems Translated into; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.