Chapter 4 of Old English Poems is here in full — 368 sentences across 74 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.
Chapter IV
Chapter 4 of Old English Poems is here in full — 368 sentences across 74 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
14-18. The text is too corrupt to permit of reconstruction. A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur. The line numbers are those of Kluge's text. II.
Chapter 4 of Old English Poems is here in full — 368 sentences across 74 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
Reading 1/73 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5
These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.
Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.
corrupt morally or by intemperance or sensuality
From this reading “The text is too corrupt to permit of reconstruction.”
in tiny pieces
From this reading “A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.”
consisting of small disconnected parts
From this reading “A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.”
the quality of being magnificent or splendid or grand
From this reading “A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.”
express grief verbally
From this reading “A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.”
being or reflecting the essential or genuine character of something
From this reading “A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.”
the period after the American Civil War when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union; 1865-1877
From this reading “The text is too corrupt to permit of reconstruction.”
a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language
From this reading “A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.”
English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.
Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.
In this reading “A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.”
in a state of proper readiness or preparation or arrangement
In this reading “A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.”
Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.
Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading 14-18.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading 14-18.
used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.
the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun
From this reading The line numbers are those of Kluge's text.
the past participle of “be”
From this reading A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.
past form of “conceive” — have the idea for
From this reading A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.
corrupt morally or by intemperance or sensuality
From this reading The text is too corrupt to permit of reconstruction.
having dropped by the force of gravity
From this reading A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.
in tiny pieces
From this reading A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.
intended to be given to, or used by, somebody
From this reading A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.
consisting of small disconnected parts
From this reading A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.
acknowledged as a supposition
From this reading A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.
the quality of being magnificent or splendid or grand
From this reading A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.
the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.
used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses
From this reading A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.
the -ing form of “have”
From this reading A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.
the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number
From this reading II.
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.
the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading The text is too corrupt to permit of reconstruction.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The line numbers are those of Kluge's text.
express grief verbally
From this reading A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.
a formation of people or things one beside another
From this reading The line numbers are those of Kluge's text.
plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another
From this reading A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.
being or reflecting the essential or genuine character of something
From this reading A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.
something that is lost
From this reading A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.
used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative
From this reading A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.
the fourth book of the Old Testament; contains a record of the number of Israelites who followed Moses out of Egypt
From this reading The line numbers are those of Kluge's text.
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading The text is too corrupt to permit of reconstruction.
(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed
From this reading A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.
a legal document giving official permission to do something
From this reading The text is too corrupt to permit of reconstruction.
the period after the American Civil War when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union; 1865-1877
From this reading The text is too corrupt to permit of reconstruction.
give an exhibition of to an interested audience
From this reading A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.
a thing, without saying which
From this reading A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.
a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution
From this reading A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.
past form of “suffer” — undergo or be subjected to
From this reading A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.
the words of something written
From this reading The text is too corrupt to permit of reconstruction.
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading The text is too corrupt to permit of reconstruction.
used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned
From this reading A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.
the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known
From this reading The line numbers are those of Kluge's text.
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading The text is too corrupt to permit of reconstruction.
to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits
From this reading The text is too corrupt to permit of reconstruction.
a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language
From this reading A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.
the speaker together with one or more other people
From this reading A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.
including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete
From this reading A literal translation of the fragmentary lines has been given in order to show the student something of the loss we have suffered in not having the whole of this finely conceived lament for fallen grandeur.
Chapter 4 of Old English Poems by Cosette Faust[Translator] Newton holds 368 sentences, grouped into 74 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.
Chapter 4 holds 368 sentences of Old English Poems, unabridged, divided into 74 reading sections.
This page carries chapter 4 of Old English Poems by Cosette Faust[Translator] Newton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 368 sentences, grouped into 74 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.
Work through the 74 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.
Each of the 74 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.
Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.
Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.
Common questions about reading Old English Poems by Cosette Faust[Translator] Newton on this page, its source edition and its audio.
Yes. All 2340 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #31172 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.
Project Gutenberg eBook #31172, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.
About 195 minutes of reading across 468 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.
How to work through Old English Poems section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.
Choose one of the 6 chapters of Old English Poems to begin.
Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.
Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.
Words and structures a reader meets early in Old English Poems, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.
