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Old English Poems Translated into
Old English Poems Translated into

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Old English Poems Translated into is here in full — 376 sentences across 76 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/75 · 5 lines
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92.
This is a translation of the famous Latin motto _in hoc signo vinces_.
2.
The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.
Against the Son of God They showed their hate as they should not have done Had they not harkened to the behests of the devil.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Old English Poems Translated into

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Old English Poems Translated into is here in full — 376 sentences across 76 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/75 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
92.
Line 2
This is a translation of the famous Latin motto _in hoc signo vinces_.
Line 3
2.
Line 4
The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.
Line 5
Against the Son of God They showed their hate as they should not have done Had they not harkened to the behests of the devil.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chasm noun US /ˈkæzəm/

a deep opening in the earth's surface

From this reading “The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.”

crosses noun US /ˈkrɔːsɪz/

plural of “cross” — a wooden structure consisting of an upright post with a transverse piece

From this reading “The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.”

delve verb US /delv/

turn up, loosen, or remove earth

From this reading “The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.”

Grimy adjective US /ˈɡraɪmi/

thickly covered with ingrained dirt or soot

From this reading “The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.”

motto noun US /ˈmɑːtoʊ/

a favorite saying of a sect or political group

From this reading “This is a translation of the famous Latin motto _in hoc signo vinces_.”

shelving verb US /ˈʃelvɪŋ/

-ing form of “shelve” — hold back to a later time

From this reading “The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.”

sinful adjective US /ˈsɪnfəl/

characterized by iniquity; wicked because it is believed to be a sin

From this reading “The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.”

steadfast adjective US /ˈstedfæst/

marked by firm determination or resolution; not shakable

From this reading “The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Below the surface preposition + article + noun counted as “below … surface”

In this reading “The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.”

twenty feet noun + noun counted as “twenty foot”

In this reading “The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.”

Shut out verb + adjective

prevent from entering; shut out

In this reading “The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.”

ancient days adjective + noun

In this reading “The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.”

from sight preposition + noun

In this reading “The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.”

All words in this reading · 85

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

2

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 2.

830

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

835

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

92

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 92.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading This is a translation of the famous Latin motto _in hoc signo vinces_.

AgainstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Against the Son of God They showed their hate as they should not have done Had they not harkened to the behests of the devil.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

behests

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Against the Son of God They showed their hate as they should not have done Had they not harkened to the behests of the devil.

BelowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

chasmnounUS /ˈkæzəm/

a deep opening in the earth's surface

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

cliffnounUS /klɪf/

a steep high face of rock

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

concealedadjectiveUS /kənˈsiːld/

not accessible to view

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

coveringnounUS /ˈkʌvərɪŋ/

a natural object that covers or envelops

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

CrossverbUS /krɔːs/

travel across or pass over

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

crossesnounUS /ˈkrɔːsɪz/

plural of “cross” — a wooden structure consisting of an upright post with a transverse piece

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

darknessnounUS /ˈdɑːrknəs/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

delveverbUS /delv/

turn up, loosen, or remove earth

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

devilnounUS /ˈdevəl/

(Judeo-Christian and Islamic religions) chief spirit of evil and adversary of God; tempter of mankind; master of Hell

From this reading Against the Son of God They showed their hate as they should not have done Had they not harkened to the behests of the devil.

DiscoverynounUS /dɪˈskʌvəri/

the act of discovering something

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading Against the Son of God They showed their hate as they should not have done Had they not harkened to the behests of the devil.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading This is a translation of the famous Latin motto _in hoc signo vinces_.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

gloomyadjectiveUS /ˈɡluːmi/

depressingly dark

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

gloriousadjectiveUS /ˈɡlɔːriəs/

having or deserving or conferring glory

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading Against the Son of God They showed their hate as they should not have done Had they not harkened to the behests of the devil.

gravenounUS /ɡreɪv/

death of a person

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

GrimyadjectiveUS /ˈɡraɪmi/

thickly covered with ingrained dirt or soot

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

harkened

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Against the Son of God They showed their hate as they should not have done Had they not harkened to the behests of the devil.

hatenounUS /heɪt/

the emotion of intense dislike; a feeling of dislike so strong that it demands action

From this reading Against the Son of God They showed their hate as they should not have done Had they not harkened to the behests of the devil.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Against the Son of God They showed their hate as they should not have done Had they not harkened to the behests of the devil.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

hoc

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This is a translation of the famous Latin motto _in hoc signo vinces_.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading This is a translation of the famous Latin motto _in hoc signo vinces_.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This is a translation of the famous Latin motto _in hoc signo vinces_.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

JewsnounUS /dʒuːz/

plural of “jew” — a person belonging to the worldwide group claiming descent from Jacob (or converted to it) and connected by cultural or religious ties

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

LatinadjectiveUS /ˈlætən/

of or relating to the ancient Latins or the Latin language

From this reading This is a translation of the famous Latin motto _in hoc signo vinces_.

mottonounUS /ˈmɑːtoʊ/

a favorite saying of a sect or political group

From this reading This is a translation of the famous Latin motto _in hoc signo vinces_.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Against the Son of God They showed their hate as they should not have done Had they not harkened to the behests of the devil.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading This is a translation of the famous Latin motto _in hoc signo vinces_.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

shelvingverbUS /ˈʃelvɪŋ/

-ing form of “shelve” — hold back to a later time

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Against the Son of God They showed their hate as they should not have done Had they not harkened to the behests of the devil.

showedverbUS /ʃoʊd/

past form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Against the Son of God They showed their hate as they should not have done Had they not harkened to the behests of the devil.

ShutverbUS /ʃʌt/

move so that an opening or passage is obstructed; make shut

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

signo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This is a translation of the famous Latin motto _in hoc signo vinces_.

sinfuladjectiveUS /ˈsɪnfəl/

characterized by iniquity; wicked because it is believed to be a sin

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

SonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading Against the Son of God They showed their hate as they should not have done Had they not harkened to the behests of the devil.

steadfastadjectiveUS /ˈstedfæst/

marked by firm determination or resolution; not shakable

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

StrivingnounUS /ˈstraɪvɪŋ/

an effortful attempt to attain a goal

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

surfacenounUS /ˈsɜːrfəs/

the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading This is a translation of the famous Latin motto _in hoc signo vinces_.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Against the Son of God They showed their hate as they should not have done Had they not harkened to the behests of the devil.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This is a translation of the famous Latin motto _in hoc signo vinces_.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

translationnounUS /trænzˈleɪʃən/

a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language

From this reading This is a translation of the famous Latin motto _in hoc signo vinces_.

treenounUS /triː/

a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

turfnounUS /tɜːrf/

surface layer of ground containing a mat of grass and grass roots

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

twentynounUS /ˈtwenti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

UnderprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

unrighteousadjective

not righteous

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

vinces

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This is a translation of the famous Latin motto _in hoc signo vinces_.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

wrappedadjectiveUS /ræpt/

covered with or as if with clothes or a wrap or cloak

From this reading The Discovery of the Cross Striving in strength and with steadfast heart, 830 He began to delve for the glorious tree Under its covering of turf, till at twenty feet Below the surface concealed he found Shut out from sight, under the shelving cliff, In the chasm of darkness --three crosses he found, In their gloomy grave together he found them,-- 835 Grimy all over, as in ancient days The unrighteous race had wrapped them in earth, The sinful Jews.

Chapter 5 of Old English Poems Translated into by Cosette Faust[Translator] Newton holds 376 sentences, grouped into 76 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of Old English Poems Translated into contain?

Chapter 5 holds 376 sentences of Old English Poems Translated into, unabridged, divided into 76 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of Old English Poems Translated into by Cosette Faust[Translator] Newton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 376 sentences, grouped into 76 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of Old English Poems Translated into?

Work through the 76 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 76 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Old English Poems Translated into

Common questions about reading Old English Poems Translated into by Cosette Faust[Translator] Newton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Old English Poems Translated into?

Yes. All 2340 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #31172 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Old English Poems Translated into is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #31172, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Old English Poems Translated into take to read?

About 195 minutes of reading across 468 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Old English Poems Translated into section by section

How to work through Old English Poems Translated into section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 6 chapters of Old English Poems Translated into to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Old English Poems Translated into

Words and structures a reader meets early in Old English Poems Translated into, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Translated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Old English Poems Translated into; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Original
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Old English Poems Translated into; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Meter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Old English Poems Translated into; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Together
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Old English Poems Translated into; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.