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Old Indian Legends
Old Indian Legends

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Old Indian Legends is here in full — 241 sentences across 49 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/48 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In vain tried the chieftain of the tribe to find among his warriors a powerful marksman who could send a death arrow to the man-hungry bird.
At last to urge his men to their utmost skill he bade his crier proclaim a new reward.
Of the chieftain's two beautiful daughters he would have his choice who brought the dreaded red eagle with an arrow in its breast.
Upon hearing these words, the men of the village, both young and old, both heroes and cowards, trimmed new arrows for the contest.
At gray dawn there stood indistinct under the shadow of the bluff many human figures; silent as ghosts and wrapped in robes girdled tight about their waists, they waited with chosen bow and arrow.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Old Indian Legends

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Old Indian Legends is here in full — 241 sentences across 49 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/48 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In vain tried the chieftain of the tribe to find among his warriors a powerful marksman who could send a death arrow to the man-hungry bird.
Line 2
At last to urge his men to their utmost skill he bade his crier proclaim a new reward.
/æt læst tuː ɜːrdʒ hɪz men tuː ðer ˈʌtmoʊst skɪl hiː beɪd hɪz ˈkraɪər proʊˈkleɪm ə nuː rɪˈwɔːrd/
Line 3
Of the chieftain's two beautiful daughters he would have his choice who brought the dreaded red eagle with an arrow in its breast.
/ʌv ðə ˈtʃiːftənz tuː ˈbjuːtəfəl ˈdɔːtərz hiː wʊd hæv hɪz tʃɔɪs huː brɔːt ðə ˈdredɪd red ˈiːɡəl wɪð æn ˈæroʊ ɪn ɪts brest/
Line 4
Upon hearing these words, the men of the village, both young and old, both heroes and cowards, trimmed new arrows for the contest.
/əˈpɑːn ˈhiːrɪŋ ðiːz wɜːrdz ðə men ʌv ðə ˈvɪlədʒ boʊθ jʌŋ ənd oʊld boʊθ ˈhɪroʊz ənd ˈkaʊərdz trɪmd nuː ˈæroʊz fɔːr ðə ˈkɑːntest/
Line 5
At gray dawn there stood indistinct under the shadow of the bluff many human figures; silent as ghosts and wrapped in robes girdled tight about their waists, they waited with chosen bow and arrow.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chieftain noun US /ˈtʃiːftən/

the leader of a group of people

From this reading “In vain tried the chieftain of the tribe to find among his warriors a powerful marksman who could send a death arrow to the man-hungry bird.”

chieftain's noun US /ˈtʃiːftənz/

possessive form of “chieftain” — the leader of a group of people

From this reading “Of the chieftain's two beautiful daughters he would have his choice who brought the dreaded red eagle with an arrow in its breast.”

cowards noun US /ˈkaʊərdz/

plural of “coward” — a person who shows fear or timidity

From this reading “Upon hearing these words, the men of the village, both young and old, both heroes and cowards, trimmed new arrows for the contest.”

crier noun US /ˈkraɪər/

a person who weeps

From this reading “At last to urge his men to their utmost skill he bade his crier proclaim a new reward.”

indistinct adjective US /ˌɪndɪˈstɪŋkt/

not clearly defined or easy to perceive or understand

From this reading “At gray dawn there stood indistinct under the shadow of the bluff many human figures; silent as ghosts and wrapped in robes girdled tight about their waists, they waited with chosen bow and arrow.”

marksman noun US /ˈmɑːrksmən/

someone skilled in shooting

From this reading “In vain tried the chieftain of the tribe to find among his warriors a powerful marksman who could send a death arrow to the man-hungry bird.”

proclaim verb US /proʊˈkleɪm/

declare formally; declare someone to be something; of titles

From this reading “At last to urge his men to their utmost skill he bade his crier proclaim a new reward.”

waists noun US /weɪsts/

plural of “waist” — the narrowing of the body between the ribs and hips

From this reading “At gray dawn there stood indistinct under the shadow of the bluff many human figures; silent as ghosts and wrapped in robes girdled tight about their waists, they waited with chosen bow and arrow.”

All words in this reading · 89

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In vain tried the chieftain of the tribe to find among his warriors a powerful marksman who could send a death arrow to the man-hungry bird.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading At gray dawn there stood indistinct under the shadow of the bluff many human figures; silent as ghosts and wrapped in robes girdled tight about their waists, they waited with chosen bow and arrow.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading In vain tried the chieftain of the tribe to find among his warriors a powerful marksman who could send a death arrow to the man-hungry bird.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Of the chieftain's two beautiful daughters he would have his choice who brought the dreaded red eagle with an arrow in its breast.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Upon hearing these words, the men of the village, both young and old, both heroes and cowards, trimmed new arrows for the contest.

arrownounUS /ˈæroʊ/

a mark to indicate a direction or relation

From this reading In vain tried the chieftain of the tribe to find among his warriors a powerful marksman who could send a death arrow to the man-hungry bird.

arrowsnounUS /ˈæroʊz/

plural of “arrow” — a mark to indicate a direction or relation

From this reading Upon hearing these words, the men of the village, both young and old, both heroes and cowards, trimmed new arrows for the contest.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading At gray dawn there stood indistinct under the shadow of the bluff many human figures; silent as ghosts and wrapped in robes girdled tight about their waists, they waited with chosen bow and arrow.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At last to urge his men to their utmost skill he bade his crier proclaim a new reward.

badenounUS /beɪd/

a Chadic language spoken in northern Nigeria

From this reading At last to urge his men to their utmost skill he bade his crier proclaim a new reward.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading Of the chieftain's two beautiful daughters he would have his choice who brought the dreaded red eagle with an arrow in its breast.

birdnounUS /bɜːrd/

warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading In vain tried the chieftain of the tribe to find among his warriors a powerful marksman who could send a death arrow to the man-hungry bird.

bluffnounUS /blʌf/

a high steep bank (usually formed by river erosion)

From this reading At gray dawn there stood indistinct under the shadow of the bluff many human figures; silent as ghosts and wrapped in robes girdled tight about their waists, they waited with chosen bow and arrow.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Upon hearing these words, the men of the village, both young and old, both heroes and cowards, trimmed new arrows for the contest.

bownounUS /baʊ/

a knot with two loops and loose ends; used to tie shoelaces

From this reading At gray dawn there stood indistinct under the shadow of the bluff many human figures; silent as ghosts and wrapped in robes girdled tight about their waists, they waited with chosen bow and arrow.

breastnounUS /brest/

the front of the trunk from the neck to the abdomen

From this reading Of the chieftain's two beautiful daughters he would have his choice who brought the dreaded red eagle with an arrow in its breast.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading Of the chieftain's two beautiful daughters he would have his choice who brought the dreaded red eagle with an arrow in its breast.

chieftainnounUS /ˈtʃiːftən/

the leader of a group of people

From this reading In vain tried the chieftain of the tribe to find among his warriors a powerful marksman who could send a death arrow to the man-hungry bird.

chieftain'snounUS /ˈtʃiːftənz/

possessive form of “chieftain” — the leader of a group of people

From this reading Of the chieftain's two beautiful daughters he would have his choice who brought the dreaded red eagle with an arrow in its breast.

choicenounUS /tʃɔɪs/

the person or thing chosen or selected

From this reading Of the chieftain's two beautiful daughters he would have his choice who brought the dreaded red eagle with an arrow in its breast.

chosennounUS /ˈtʃoʊzən/

one who is the object of choice; who is given preference

From this reading At gray dawn there stood indistinct under the shadow of the bluff many human figures; silent as ghosts and wrapped in robes girdled tight about their waists, they waited with chosen bow and arrow.

contestnounUS /ˈkɑːntest/

an occasion on which a winner is selected from among two or more contestants

From this reading Upon hearing these words, the men of the village, both young and old, both heroes and cowards, trimmed new arrows for the contest.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading In vain tried the chieftain of the tribe to find among his warriors a powerful marksman who could send a death arrow to the man-hungry bird.

cowardsnounUS /ˈkaʊərdz/

plural of “coward” — a person who shows fear or timidity

From this reading Upon hearing these words, the men of the village, both young and old, both heroes and cowards, trimmed new arrows for the contest.

criernounUS /ˈkraɪər/

a person who weeps

From this reading At last to urge his men to their utmost skill he bade his crier proclaim a new reward.

daughtersnounUS /ˈdɔːtərz/

plural of “daughter” — a female human offspring

From this reading Of the chieftain's two beautiful daughters he would have his choice who brought the dreaded red eagle with an arrow in its breast.

dawnnounUS /dɔːn/

the first light of day

From this reading At gray dawn there stood indistinct under the shadow of the bluff many human figures; silent as ghosts and wrapped in robes girdled tight about their waists, they waited with chosen bow and arrow.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading In vain tried the chieftain of the tribe to find among his warriors a powerful marksman who could send a death arrow to the man-hungry bird.

dreadedadjectiveUS /ˈdredɪd/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading Of the chieftain's two beautiful daughters he would have his choice who brought the dreaded red eagle with an arrow in its breast.

eaglenounUS /ˈiːɡəl/

any of various large keen-sighted diurnal birds of prey noted for their broad wings and strong soaring flight

From this reading Of the chieftain's two beautiful daughters he would have his choice who brought the dreaded red eagle with an arrow in its breast.

figuresnounUS /ˈfɪɡjərz/

plural of “figure” — a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading At gray dawn there stood indistinct under the shadow of the bluff many human figures; silent as ghosts and wrapped in robes girdled tight about their waists, they waited with chosen bow and arrow.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading In vain tried the chieftain of the tribe to find among his warriors a powerful marksman who could send a death arrow to the man-hungry bird.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Upon hearing these words, the men of the village, both young and old, both heroes and cowards, trimmed new arrows for the contest.

ghostsnounUS /ɡoʊsts/

plural of “ghost” — a mental representation of some haunting experience

From this reading At gray dawn there stood indistinct under the shadow of the bluff many human figures; silent as ghosts and wrapped in robes girdled tight about their waists, they waited with chosen bow and arrow.

girdled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At gray dawn there stood indistinct under the shadow of the bluff many human figures; silent as ghosts and wrapped in robes girdled tight about their waists, they waited with chosen bow and arrow.

graynounUS /ɡreɪ/

a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading At gray dawn there stood indistinct under the shadow of the bluff many human figures; silent as ghosts and wrapped in robes girdled tight about their waists, they waited with chosen bow and arrow.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Of the chieftain's two beautiful daughters he would have his choice who brought the dreaded red eagle with an arrow in its breast.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading At last to urge his men to their utmost skill he bade his crier proclaim a new reward.

hearingnounUS /ˈhiːrɪŋ/

(law) a proceeding (usually by a court) where evidence is taken for the purpose of determining an issue of fact and reaching a decision based on that evidence

From this reading Upon hearing these words, the men of the village, both young and old, both heroes and cowards, trimmed new arrows for the contest.

heroesnounUS /ˈhɪroʊz/

plural of “hero” — a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading Upon hearing these words, the men of the village, both young and old, both heroes and cowards, trimmed new arrows for the contest.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In vain tried the chieftain of the tribe to find among his warriors a powerful marksman who could send a death arrow to the man-hungry bird.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading At gray dawn there stood indistinct under the shadow of the bluff many human figures; silent as ghosts and wrapped in robes girdled tight about their waists, they waited with chosen bow and arrow.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In vain tried the chieftain of the tribe to find among his warriors a powerful marksman who could send a death arrow to the man-hungry bird.

indistinctadjectiveUS /ˌɪndɪˈstɪŋkt/

not clearly defined or easy to perceive or understand

From this reading At gray dawn there stood indistinct under the shadow of the bluff many human figures; silent as ghosts and wrapped in robes girdled tight about their waists, they waited with chosen bow and arrow.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Of the chieftain's two beautiful daughters he would have his choice who brought the dreaded red eagle with an arrow in its breast.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading At last to urge his men to their utmost skill he bade his crier proclaim a new reward.

man-hungry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In vain tried the chieftain of the tribe to find among his warriors a powerful marksman who could send a death arrow to the man-hungry bird.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading At gray dawn there stood indistinct under the shadow of the bluff many human figures; silent as ghosts and wrapped in robes girdled tight about their waists, they waited with chosen bow and arrow.

marksmannounUS /ˈmɑːrksmən/

someone skilled in shooting

From this reading In vain tried the chieftain of the tribe to find among his warriors a powerful marksman who could send a death arrow to the man-hungry bird.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading At last to urge his men to their utmost skill he bade his crier proclaim a new reward.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading At last to urge his men to their utmost skill he bade his crier proclaim a new reward.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In vain tried the chieftain of the tribe to find among his warriors a powerful marksman who could send a death arrow to the man-hungry bird.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Upon hearing these words, the men of the village, both young and old, both heroes and cowards, trimmed new arrows for the contest.

powerfuladjectiveUS /ˈpaʊərfəl/

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading In vain tried the chieftain of the tribe to find among his warriors a powerful marksman who could send a death arrow to the man-hungry bird.

proclaimverbUS /proʊˈkleɪm/

declare formally; declare someone to be something; of titles

From this reading At last to urge his men to their utmost skill he bade his crier proclaim a new reward.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading Of the chieftain's two beautiful daughters he would have his choice who brought the dreaded red eagle with an arrow in its breast.

rewardnounUS /rɪˈwɔːrd/

a recompense for worthy acts or retribution for wrongdoing

From this reading At last to urge his men to their utmost skill he bade his crier proclaim a new reward.

robesnounUS /roʊbz/

plural of “robe” — any loose flowing garment

From this reading At gray dawn there stood indistinct under the shadow of the bluff many human figures; silent as ghosts and wrapped in robes girdled tight about their waists, they waited with chosen bow and arrow.

sendverbUS /send/

cause to go somewhere

From this reading In vain tried the chieftain of the tribe to find among his warriors a powerful marksman who could send a death arrow to the man-hungry bird.

shadownounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading At gray dawn there stood indistinct under the shadow of the bluff many human figures; silent as ghosts and wrapped in robes girdled tight about their waists, they waited with chosen bow and arrow.

silentadjectiveUS /ˈsaɪlənt/

marked by absence of sound

From this reading At gray dawn there stood indistinct under the shadow of the bluff many human figures; silent as ghosts and wrapped in robes girdled tight about their waists, they waited with chosen bow and arrow.

skillnounUS /skɪl/

an ability that has been acquired by training

From this reading At last to urge his men to their utmost skill he bade his crier proclaim a new reward.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading At gray dawn there stood indistinct under the shadow of the bluff many human figures; silent as ghosts and wrapped in robes girdled tight about their waists, they waited with chosen bow and arrow.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In vain tried the chieftain of the tribe to find among his warriors a powerful marksman who could send a death arrow to the man-hungry bird.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading At last to urge his men to their utmost skill he bade his crier proclaim a new reward.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading At gray dawn there stood indistinct under the shadow of the bluff many human figures; silent as ghosts and wrapped in robes girdled tight about their waists, they waited with chosen bow and arrow.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Upon hearing these words, the men of the village, both young and old, both heroes and cowards, trimmed new arrows for the contest.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading At gray dawn there stood indistinct under the shadow of the bluff many human figures; silent as ghosts and wrapped in robes girdled tight about their waists, they waited with chosen bow and arrow.

tightadjectiveUS /taɪt/

closely constrained or constricted or constricting

From this reading At gray dawn there stood indistinct under the shadow of the bluff many human figures; silent as ghosts and wrapped in robes girdled tight about their waists, they waited with chosen bow and arrow.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In vain tried the chieftain of the tribe to find among his warriors a powerful marksman who could send a death arrow to the man-hungry bird.

tribenounUS /traɪb/

a social division of (usually preliterate) people

From this reading In vain tried the chieftain of the tribe to find among his warriors a powerful marksman who could send a death arrow to the man-hungry bird.

triedadjectiveUS /traɪd/

tested and proved useful or correct

From this reading In vain tried the chieftain of the tribe to find among his warriors a powerful marksman who could send a death arrow to the man-hungry bird.

trimmedadjectiveUS /trɪmd/

made neat and tidy by trimming

From this reading Upon hearing these words, the men of the village, both young and old, both heroes and cowards, trimmed new arrows for the contest.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Of the chieftain's two beautiful daughters he would have his choice who brought the dreaded red eagle with an arrow in its breast.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading At gray dawn there stood indistinct under the shadow of the bluff many human figures; silent as ghosts and wrapped in robes girdled tight about their waists, they waited with chosen bow and arrow.

UponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Upon hearing these words, the men of the village, both young and old, both heroes and cowards, trimmed new arrows for the contest.

urgeverbUS /ɜːrdʒ/

force or impel in an indicated direction

From this reading At last to urge his men to their utmost skill he bade his crier proclaim a new reward.

utmostadjectiveUS /ˈʌtmoʊst/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading At last to urge his men to their utmost skill he bade his crier proclaim a new reward.

vainadjectiveUS /veɪn/

characteristic of false pride; having an exaggerated sense of self-importance

From this reading In vain tried the chieftain of the tribe to find among his warriors a powerful marksman who could send a death arrow to the man-hungry bird.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading Upon hearing these words, the men of the village, both young and old, both heroes and cowards, trimmed new arrows for the contest.

waistsnounUS /weɪsts/

plural of “waist” — the narrowing of the body between the ribs and hips

From this reading At gray dawn there stood indistinct under the shadow of the bluff many human figures; silent as ghosts and wrapped in robes girdled tight about their waists, they waited with chosen bow and arrow.

waitedverbUS /ˈweɪtɪd/

past form of “wait” — stay in one place and anticipate or expect something

From this reading At gray dawn there stood indistinct under the shadow of the bluff many human figures; silent as ghosts and wrapped in robes girdled tight about their waists, they waited with chosen bow and arrow.

warriorsnounUS /ˈwɔːriərz/

plural of “warrior” — someone engaged in or experienced in warfare

From this reading In vain tried the chieftain of the tribe to find among his warriors a powerful marksman who could send a death arrow to the man-hungry bird.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading In vain tried the chieftain of the tribe to find among his warriors a powerful marksman who could send a death arrow to the man-hungry bird.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Of the chieftain's two beautiful daughters he would have his choice who brought the dreaded red eagle with an arrow in its breast.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading Upon hearing these words, the men of the village, both young and old, both heroes and cowards, trimmed new arrows for the contest.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Of the chieftain's two beautiful daughters he would have his choice who brought the dreaded red eagle with an arrow in its breast.

wrappedadjectiveUS /ræpt/

covered with or as if with clothes or a wrap or cloak

From this reading At gray dawn there stood indistinct under the shadow of the bluff many human figures; silent as ghosts and wrapped in robes girdled tight about their waists, they waited with chosen bow and arrow.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Upon hearing these words, the men of the village, both young and old, both heroes and cowards, trimmed new arrows for the contest.

Chapter 4 of Old Indian Legends by Zitkala-Sa holds 241 sentences, grouped into 49 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Old Indian Legends contain?

Chapter 4 holds 241 sentences of Old Indian Legends, unabridged, divided into 49 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Old Indian Legends by Zitkala-Sa exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 241 sentences, grouped into 49 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Old Indian Legends?

Work through the 49 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 49 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Old Indian Legends

Common questions about reading Old Indian Legends by Zitkala-Sa on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Old Indian Legends?

Yes. All 1426 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #338 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Old Indian Legends is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #338, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Old Indian Legends take to read?

About 118 minutes of reading across 286 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Old Indian Legends section by section

How to work through Old Indian Legends section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 6 chapters of Old Indian Legends to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Old Indian Legends

Words and structures a reader meets early in Old Indian Legends, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Itkala-sa
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Old Indian Legends; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Iktomi
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Old Indian Legends; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spider
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Old Indian Legends; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fairy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Old Indian Legends; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.