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Old Mortality, Complete
Old Mortality, Complete

Chapter XXVIII · Chapter 28

Chapter 28 of Old Mortality, Complete is here in full — 115 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
I am bound to Bothwell-hill, Where I maun either do or die.
Old Ballad.
[Illustration: The Battle of Bothwell Bridge--128 There was now a pause in the military movements on both sides.
The government seemed contented to prevent the rebels advancing towards the capital, while the insurgents were intent upon augmenting and strengthening their forces.
For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Old Mortality, Complete

Chapter XXVIII · Chapter 28

Chapter 28 of Old Mortality, Complete is here in full — 115 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
I am bound to Bothwell-hill, Where I maun either do or die.
Line 2
Old Ballad.
/oʊld ˈbæləd/
Line 3
[Illustration: The Battle of Bothwell Bridge--128 There was now a pause in the military movements on both sides.
Line 4
The government seemed contented to prevent the rebels advancing towards the capital, while the insurgents were intent upon augmenting and strengthening their forces.
/ðə ˈɡʌvərmənt siːmd kənˈtentəd tuː prɪˈvent ðə ˈrebəlz ədˈvænsɪŋ təˈwɔːrdz ðə ˈkæpətəl waɪl ðə ˌɪnˈsɜːrdʒənts wɜːr ˌɪnˈtent əˈpɑːn ˈɔːɡmentɪŋ ənd ˈstreŋθənɪŋ ðer ˈfɔːrsɪz/
Line 5
For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

augmenting verb US /ˈɔːɡmentɪŋ/

-ing form of “augment” — enlarge or increase

From this reading “The government seemed contented to prevent the rebels advancing towards the capital, while the insurgents were intent upon augmenting and strengthening their forces.”

Clyde noun US /klaɪd/

a river in western Scotland that flows from the southern uplands into the Firth of Clyde; navigable by oceangoing vessels as far as Glasgow

From this reading “For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.”

ducal adjective US /ˈduːkəl/

of or belonging to or suitable for a duke

From this reading “For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.”

encampment noun US /ɪnˈkæmpmɪnt/

a site where people on holiday can pitch a tent

From this reading “For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.”

insurgents noun US /ˌɪnˈsɜːrdʒənts/

plural of “insurgent” — a person who takes part in an armed rebellion against the constituted authority (especially in the hope of improving conditions)

From this reading “The government seemed contented to prevent the rebels advancing towards the capital, while the insurgents were intent upon augmenting and strengthening their forces.”

passable adjective US /ˈpæsəbəl/

able to be passed or traversed or crossed

From this reading “For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.”

recruits noun US /rəˈkruːts/

plural of “recruit” — a recently enlisted soldier

From this reading “For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.”

strengthening noun US /ˈstreŋθənɪŋ/

becoming stronger

From this reading “The government seemed contented to prevent the rebels advancing towards the capital, while the insurgents were intent upon augmenting and strengthening their forces.”

All words in this reading · 88

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

128

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Illustration: The Battle of Bothwell Bridge--128 There was now a pause in the military movements on both sides.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading [Illustration: The Battle of Bothwell Bridge--128 There was now a pause in the military movements on both sides.

advancingadjectiveUS /ədˈvænsɪŋ/

moving forward

From this reading The government seemed contented to prevent the rebels advancing towards the capital, while the insurgents were intent upon augmenting and strengthening their forces.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading I am bound to Bothwell-hill, Where I maun either do or die.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The government seemed contented to prevent the rebels advancing towards the capital, while the insurgents were intent upon augmenting and strengthening their forces.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

attacknounUS /əˈtæk/

(military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

augmentingverbUS /ˈɔːɡmentɪŋ/

-ing form of “augment” — enlarge or increase

From this reading The government seemed contented to prevent the rebels advancing towards the capital, while the insurgents were intent upon augmenting and strengthening their forces.

BalladnounUS /ˈbæləd/

a narrative song with a recurrent refrain

From this reading Old Ballad.

BattlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading [Illustration: The Battle of Bothwell Bridge--128 There was now a pause in the military movements on both sides.

belongingnounUS /bɪˈlɔːŋɪŋ/

happiness felt in a secure relationship

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading [Illustration: The Battle of Bothwell Bridge--128 There was now a pause in the military movements on both sides.

Bothwell

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Illustration: The Battle of Bothwell Bridge--128 There was now a pause in the military movements on both sides.

Bothwell-hill

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I am bound to Bothwell-hill, Where I maun either do or die.

boundadjectiveUS /baʊnd/

confined by bonds

From this reading I am bound to Bothwell-hill, Where I maun either do or die.

BridgenounUS /brɪdʒ/

a structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river or canal or railway etc.

From this reading [Illustration: The Battle of Bothwell Bridge--128 There was now a pause in the military movements on both sides.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

capitalnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading The government seemed contented to prevent the rebels advancing towards the capital, while the insurgents were intent upon augmenting and strengthening their forces.

castlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

centricaladjective

having or situated at or near a center

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

ClydenounUS /klaɪd/

a river in western Scotland that flows from the southern uplands into the Firth of Clyde; navigable by oceangoing vessels as far as Glasgow

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

contentedadjectiveUS /kənˈtentəd/

satisfied or showing satisfaction with things as they are

From this reading The government seemed contented to prevent the rebels advancing towards the capital, while the insurgents were intent upon augmenting and strengthening their forces.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

dieverbUS /daɪ/

pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading I am bound to Bothwell-hill, Where I maun either do or die.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading I am bound to Bothwell-hill, Where I maun either do or die.

ducaladjectiveUS /ˈduːkəl/

of or belonging to or suitable for a duke

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading I am bound to Bothwell-hill, Where I maun either do or die.

encampmentnounUS /ɪnˈkæmpmɪnt/

a site where people on holiday can pitch a tent

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

establishedadjectiveUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃt/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

forcesnounUS /ˈfɔːrsɪz/

plural of “force” — a powerful effect or influence

From this reading The government seemed contented to prevent the rebels advancing towards the capital, while the insurgents were intent upon augmenting and strengthening their forces.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

governmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading The government seemed contented to prevent the rebels advancing towards the capital, while the insurgents were intent upon augmenting and strengthening their forces.

HamiltonnounUS /ˈhæməltən/

Irish mathematician (1806-1865)

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I am bound to Bothwell-hill, Where I maun either do or die.

IllustrationnounUS /ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən/

artwork that helps make something clear or attractive

From this reading [Illustration: The Battle of Bothwell Bridge--128 There was now a pause in the military movements on both sides.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading [Illustration: The Battle of Bothwell Bridge--128 There was now a pause in the military movements on both sides.

insurgentsnounUS /ˌɪnˈsɜːrdʒənts/

plural of “insurgent” — a person who takes part in an armed rebellion against the constituted authority (especially in the hope of improving conditions)

From this reading The government seemed contented to prevent the rebels advancing towards the capital, while the insurgents were intent upon augmenting and strengthening their forces.

intentnounUS /ˌɪnˈtent/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading The government seemed contented to prevent the rebels advancing towards the capital, while the insurgents were intent upon augmenting and strengthening their forces.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

maun

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I am bound to Bothwell-hill, Where I maun either do or die.

militaryadjectiveUS /ˈmɪləteri/

of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare

From this reading [Illustration: The Battle of Bothwell Bridge--128 There was now a pause in the military movements on both sides.

movementsnounUS /ˈmuːvmənts/

plural of “movement” — a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading [Illustration: The Battle of Bothwell Bridge--128 There was now a pause in the military movements on both sides.

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading [Illustration: The Battle of Bothwell Bridge--128 There was now a pause in the military movements on both sides.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading [Illustration: The Battle of Bothwell Bridge--128 There was now a pause in the military movements on both sides.

OldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Old Ballad.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading [Illustration: The Battle of Bothwell Bridge--128 There was now a pause in the military movements on both sides.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading I am bound to Bothwell-hill, Where I maun either do or die.

parknounUS /pɑːrk/

a large area of land preserved in its natural state as public property

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

passableadjectiveUS /ˈpæsəbəl/

able to be passed or traversed or crossed

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

pausenounUS /pɔːz/

a time interval during which there is a temporary cessation of something

From this reading [Illustration: The Battle of Bothwell Bridge--128 There was now a pause in the military movements on both sides.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

preventverbUS /prɪˈvent/

keep from happening or arising; make impossible

From this reading The government seemed contented to prevent the rebels advancing towards the capital, while the insurgents were intent upon augmenting and strengthening their forces.

purposenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəs/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

rapidadjectiveUS /ˈræpəd/

done or occurring in a brief period of time

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

rebelsnounUS /ˈrebəlz/

plural of “rebel” — “Johnny” was applied as a nickname for Confederate soldiers by the Federal soldiers in the American Civil War; “greyback” derived from their grey Confederate uniforms

From this reading The government seemed contented to prevent the rebels advancing towards the capital, while the insurgents were intent upon augmenting and strengthening their forces.

receivingverbUS /rəˈsiːvɪŋ/

-ing form of “receive” — get something; come into possession of

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

recruitsnounUS /rəˈkruːts/

plural of “recruit” — a recently enlisted soldier

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

residencenounUS /ˈrezɪdəns/

any address at which you dwell more than temporarily

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

securedverbUS /sɪˈkjʊrd/

past form of “secure” — get by special effort

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The government seemed contented to prevent the rebels advancing towards the capital, while the insurgents were intent upon augmenting and strengthening their forces.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading [Illustration: The Battle of Bothwell Bridge--128 There was now a pause in the military movements on both sides.

situationnounUS /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən/

the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

strengtheningnounUS /ˈstreŋθənɪŋ/

becoming stronger

From this reading The government seemed contented to prevent the rebels advancing towards the capital, while the insurgents were intent upon augmenting and strengthening their forces.

suddenadjectiveUS /ˈsʌdən/

happening without warning or in a short space of time

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading [Illustration: The Battle of Bothwell Bridge--128 There was now a pause in the military movements on both sides.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The government seemed contented to prevent the rebels advancing towards the capital, while the insurgents were intent upon augmenting and strengthening their forces.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading [Illustration: The Battle of Bothwell Bridge--128 There was now a pause in the military movements on both sides.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I am bound to Bothwell-hill, Where I maun either do or die.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading The government seemed contented to prevent the rebels advancing towards the capital, while the insurgents were intent upon augmenting and strengthening their forces.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The government seemed contented to prevent the rebels advancing towards the capital, while the insurgents were intent upon augmenting and strengthening their forces.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading [Illustration: The Battle of Bothwell Bridge--128 There was now a pause in the military movements on both sides.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The government seemed contented to prevent the rebels advancing towards the capital, while the insurgents were intent upon augmenting and strengthening their forces.

WhereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading I am bound to Bothwell-hill, Where I maun either do or die.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading For this purpose, they established a sort of encampment in the park belonging to the ducal residence at Hamilton, a centrical situation for receiving their recruits, and where they were secured from any sudden attack, by having the Clyde, a deep and rapid river, in front of their position, which is only passable by a long and narrow bridge, near the castle and village of Bothwell.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading The government seemed contented to prevent the rebels advancing towards the capital, while the insurgents were intent upon augmenting and strengthening their forces.

Chapter 28 of Old Mortality, Complete by Walter Scott holds 115 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 28 of Old Mortality, Complete contain?

Chapter 28 holds 115 sentences of Old Mortality, Complete, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 28 of Old Mortality, Complete by Walter Scott exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 115 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 28 can be played aloud in United States English.

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Vocabulary met early in Old Mortality, Complete

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Chapter 1
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