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Old Ruff, the Trapper
Old Ruff, the Trapper

Chapter XII · The Revelation of Maquesa

Chapter XII of Old Ruff, the Trapper, “The Revelation of Maquesa,” is here in full — 82 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Old Ruff, the Trapper
Context Illustration Reading 1/16 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The interference, this time, came in the shape of Old Ruff Robsart himself, who strode forward out of the gloom, and advancing straight to the chief, extended his hand, and said:
How do you do, Maquesa?
I have been huntin fur yer for a long time.”
The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.
Having paid his respects to him, the trapper turned to his young friend with one of his huge grins, that moved his beard clean back to his ears.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Old Ruff, the Trapper

Chapter XII · The Revelation of Maquesa

Chapter XII of Old Ruff, the Trapper, “The Revelation of Maquesa,” is here in full — 82 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/16 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The interference, this time, came in the shape of Old Ruff Robsart himself, who strode forward out of the gloom, and advancing straight to the chief, extended his hand, and said:
Line 2
How do you do, Maquesa?
Line 3
I have been huntinfur yer for a long time.”
Line 4
The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.
Line 5
Having paid his respects to him, the trapper turned to his young friend with one of his huge grins, that moved his beard clean back to his ears.
/ˈhævɪŋ peɪd hɪz rɪˈspekts tuː hɪm ðə ˈtræpər tɜːrnd tuː hɪz jʌŋ frend wɪð wʌn ʌv hɪz hjuːdʒ ɡrɪnz ðæt muːvd hɪz bɪrd kliːn bæk tuː hɪz ɪrz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Blackfoot noun US /ˈblækfʊt/

a member of a warlike group of Algonquians living in the northwestern plains

From this reading “The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.”

exhibition noun US /ˌeksəˈbɪʃən/

the act of exhibiting

From this reading “The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.”

grins noun US /ɡrɪnz/

plural of “grin” — a facial expression characterized by turning up the corners of the mouth; usually shows pleasure or amusement

From this reading “Having paid his respects to him, the trapper turned to his young friend with one of his huge grins, that moved his beard clean back to his ears.”

interference noun US /ˌɪntərˈfɪrəns/

a policy of intervening in the affairs of other countries

From this reading “The interference, this time, came in the shape of Old Ruff Robsart himself, who strode forward out of the gloom, and advancing straight to the chief, extended his hand, and said:”

respects noun US /rɪˈspekts/

(often used with “pay”) a formal expression of esteem

From this reading “Having paid his respects to him, the trapper turned to his young friend with one of his huge grins, that moved his beard clean back to his ears.”

Ruff noun US /rʌf/

an external body part consisting of feathers or hair about the neck of a bird or other animal

From this reading “The interference, this time, came in the shape of Old Ruff Robsart himself, who strode forward out of the gloom, and advancing straight to the chief, extended his hand, and said:”

strode verb US /stroʊd/

inflected form of “stride” — walk with long steps

From this reading “The interference, this time, came in the shape of Old Ruff Robsart himself, who strode forward out of the gloom, and advancing straight to the chief, extended his hand, and said:”

trapper noun US /ˈtræpər/

someone who sets traps for animals (usually to obtain their furs)

From this reading “Having paid his respects to him, the trapper turned to his young friend with one of his huge grins, that moved his beard clean back to his ears.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

returned the salutation verb + article + noun counted as “return … salutation”

In this reading “The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.”

long time adjective + noun

a prolonged period of time

In this reading “I have been huntin’ fur yer for a long time.””

any thing adjective + noun

In this reading “The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.”

white man noun + noun

a man who is White

In this reading “The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.”

young friend adjective + noun

In this reading “Having paid his respects to him, the trapper turned to his young friend with one of his huge grins, that moved his beard clean back to his ears.”

hardly prepared adverb + adjective

In this reading “The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.”

in the shape preposition + article + noun counted as “in … shape”

In this reading “The interference, this time, came in the shape of Old Ruff Robsart himself, who strode forward out of the gloom, and advancing straight to the chief, extended his hand, and said:”

other two adjective + noun

In this reading “The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.”

All words in this reading · 81

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I have been huntin’ fur yer for a long time.”

advancingadjectiveUS /ədˈvænsɪŋ/

moving forward

From this reading The interference, this time, came in the shape of Old Ruff Robsart himself, who strode forward out of the gloom, and advancing straight to the chief, extended his hand, and said:

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The interference, this time, came in the shape of Old Ruff Robsart himself, who strode forward out of the gloom, and advancing straight to the chief, extended his hand, and said:

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Having paid his respects to him, the trapper turned to his young friend with one of his huge grins, that moved his beard clean back to his ears.

beardnounUS /bɪrd/

the hair growing on the lower part of a man's face

From this reading Having paid his respects to him, the trapper turned to his young friend with one of his huge grins, that moved his beard clean back to his ears.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading I have been huntin’ fur yer for a long time.”

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.

BlackfootnounUS /ˈblækfʊt/

a member of a warlike group of Algonquians living in the northwestern plains

From this reading The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading The interference, this time, came in the shape of Old Ruff Robsart himself, who strode forward out of the gloom, and advancing straight to the chief, extended his hand, and said:

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading The interference, this time, came in the shape of Old Ruff Robsart himself, who strode forward out of the gloom, and advancing straight to the chief, extended his hand, and said:

cleanadjectiveUS /kliːn/

free from dirt or impurities; or having clean habits

From this reading Having paid his respects to him, the trapper turned to his young friend with one of his huge grins, that moved his beard clean back to his ears.

cordialitynoun

a cordial disposition

From this reading The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading “How do you do, Maquesa?

earsnounUS /ɪrz/

plural of “ear” — the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium

From this reading Having paid his respects to him, the trapper turned to his young friend with one of his huge grins, that moved his beard clean back to his ears.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.

exhibitionnounUS /ˌeksəˈbɪʃən/

the act of exhibiting

From this reading The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.

extendedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈstendəd/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading The interference, this time, came in the shape of Old Ruff Robsart himself, who strode forward out of the gloom, and advancing straight to the chief, extended his hand, and said:

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading I have been huntin’ fur yer for a long time.”

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading The interference, this time, came in the shape of Old Ruff Robsart himself, who strode forward out of the gloom, and advancing straight to the chief, extended his hand, and said:

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading Having paid his respects to him, the trapper turned to his young friend with one of his huge grins, that moved his beard clean back to his ears.

friendshipnounUS /ˈfrendʃɪp/

the state of being friends (or friendly)

From this reading The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.

furnounUS /fɜːr/

the dressed hairy coat of a mammal

From this reading I have been huntin’ fur yer for a long time.”

gloomnounUS /ɡluːm/

a state of partial or total darkness

From this reading The interference, this time, came in the shape of Old Ruff Robsart himself, who strode forward out of the gloom, and advancing straight to the chief, extended his hand, and said:

grinsnounUS /ɡrɪnz/

plural of “grin” — a facial expression characterized by turning up the corners of the mouth; usually shows pleasure or amusement

From this reading Having paid his respects to him, the trapper turned to his young friend with one of his huge grins, that moved his beard clean back to his ears.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading The interference, this time, came in the shape of Old Ruff Robsart himself, who strode forward out of the gloom, and advancing straight to the chief, extended his hand, and said:

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I have been huntin’ fur yer for a long time.”

Havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Having paid his respects to him, the trapper turned to his young friend with one of his huge grins, that moved his beard clean back to his ears.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Having paid his respects to him, the trapper turned to his young friend with one of his huge grins, that moved his beard clean back to his ears.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading The interference, this time, came in the shape of Old Ruff Robsart himself, who strode forward out of the gloom, and advancing straight to the chief, extended his hand, and said:

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The interference, this time, came in the shape of Old Ruff Robsart himself, who strode forward out of the gloom, and advancing straight to the chief, extended his hand, and said:

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “How do you do, Maquesa?

hugeadjectiveUS /hjuːdʒ/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading Having paid his respects to him, the trapper turned to his young friend with one of his huge grins, that moved his beard clean back to his ears.

huntin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have been huntin’ fur yer for a long time.”

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I have been huntin’ fur yer for a long time.”

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The interference, this time, came in the shape of Old Ruff Robsart himself, who strode forward out of the gloom, and advancing straight to the chief, extended his hand, and said:

interferencenounUS /ˌɪntərˈfɪrəns/

a policy of intervening in the affairs of other countries

From this reading The interference, this time, came in the shape of Old Ruff Robsart himself, who strode forward out of the gloom, and advancing straight to the chief, extended his hand, and said:

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading I have been huntin’ fur yer for a long time.”

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.

Maquesa

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “How do you do, Maquesa?

movedadjectiveUS /muːvd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading Having paid his respects to him, the trapper turned to his young friend with one of his huge grins, that moved his beard clean back to his ears.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The interference, this time, came in the shape of Old Ruff Robsart himself, who strode forward out of the gloom, and advancing straight to the chief, extended his hand, and said:

OldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The interference, this time, came in the shape of Old Ruff Robsart himself, who strode forward out of the gloom, and advancing straight to the chief, extended his hand, and said:

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The interference, this time, came in the shape of Old Ruff Robsart himself, who strode forward out of the gloom, and advancing straight to the chief, extended his hand, and said:

paidadjectiveUS /peɪd/

marked by the reception of pay

From this reading Having paid his respects to him, the trapper turned to his young friend with one of his huge grins, that moved his beard clean back to his ears.

preparedadjectiveUS /priˈperd/

made ready or fit or suitable beforehand

From this reading The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.

red-skins

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.

respectsnounUS /rɪˈspekts/

(often used with “pay”) a formal expression of esteem

From this reading Having paid his respects to him, the trapper turned to his young friend with one of his huge grins, that moved his beard clean back to his ears.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.

Robsart

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The interference, this time, came in the shape of Old Ruff Robsart himself, who strode forward out of the gloom, and advancing straight to the chief, extended his hand, and said:

RuffnounUS /rʌf/

an external body part consisting of feathers or hair about the neck of a bird or other animal

From this reading The interference, this time, came in the shape of Old Ruff Robsart himself, who strode forward out of the gloom, and advancing straight to the chief, extended his hand, and said:

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading The interference, this time, came in the shape of Old Ruff Robsart himself, who strode forward out of the gloom, and advancing straight to the chief, extended his hand, and said:

salutationnoun

an act of honor or courteous recognition

From this reading The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.

shapenounUS /ʃeɪp/

any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading The interference, this time, came in the shape of Old Ruff Robsart himself, who strode forward out of the gloom, and advancing straight to the chief, extended his hand, and said:

straightadjectiveUS /streɪt/

successive (without a break)

From this reading The interference, this time, came in the shape of Old Ruff Robsart himself, who strode forward out of the gloom, and advancing straight to the chief, extended his hand, and said:

strodeverbUS /stroʊd/

inflected form of “stride” — walk with long steps

From this reading The interference, this time, came in the shape of Old Ruff Robsart himself, who strode forward out of the gloom, and advancing straight to the chief, extended his hand, and said:

surprisenounUS /sərˈpraɪz/

the astonishment you feel when something totally unexpected happens to you

From this reading The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Having paid his respects to him, the trapper turned to his young friend with one of his huge grins, that moved his beard clean back to his ears.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The interference, this time, came in the shape of Old Ruff Robsart himself, who strode forward out of the gloom, and advancing straight to the chief, extended his hand, and said:

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The interference, this time, came in the shape of Old Ruff Robsart himself, who strode forward out of the gloom, and advancing straight to the chief, extended his hand, and said:

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The interference, this time, came in the shape of Old Ruff Robsart himself, who strode forward out of the gloom, and advancing straight to the chief, extended his hand, and said:

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The interference, this time, came in the shape of Old Ruff Robsart himself, who strode forward out of the gloom, and advancing straight to the chief, extended his hand, and said:

trappernounUS /ˈtræpər/

someone who sets traps for animals (usually to obtain their furs)

From this reading Having paid his respects to him, the trapper turned to his young friend with one of his huge grins, that moved his beard clean back to his ears.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading Having paid his respects to him, the trapper turned to his young friend with one of his huge grins, that moved his beard clean back to his ears.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The interference, this time, came in the shape of Old Ruff Robsart himself, who strode forward out of the gloom, and advancing straight to the chief, extended his hand, and said:

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The Blackfoot returned the salutation with every appearance of cordiality, much to the surprise of the other two red-skins, who were hardly prepared for the exhibition of any thing like friendship between a white man and one of their race.

yer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have been huntin’ fur yer for a long time.”

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “How do you do, Maquesa?

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Having paid his respects to him, the trapper turned to his young friend with one of his huge grins, that moved his beard clean back to his ears.

Chapter 12 of Old Ruff, the Trapper by Edward Sylvester Ellis holds 82 sentences, grouped into 17 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Old Ruff, the Trapper contain?

Chapter 12 holds 82 sentences of Old Ruff, the Trapper, unabridged, divided into 17 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Old Ruff, the Trapper by Edward Sylvester Ellis exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 82 sentences, grouped into 17 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Old Ruff, the Trapper?

Work through the 17 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 17 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Old Ruff, the Trapper

Common questions about reading Old Ruff, the Trapper by Edward Sylvester Ellis on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Old Ruff, the Trapper?

Yes. All 1625 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #66085 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Old Ruff, the Trapper is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #66085, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Old Ruff, the Trapper take to read?

About 135 minutes of reading across 325 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Old Ruff, the Trapper section by section

How to work through Old Ruff, the Trapper section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 20 chapters of Old Ruff, the Trapper to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Old Ruff, the Trapper

Words and structures a reader meets early in Old Ruff, the Trapper, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Trapper
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Old Ruff, the Trapper; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Young
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Old Ruff, the Trapper; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fur-hunters
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Old Ruff, the Trapper; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sequel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Old Ruff, the Trapper; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.