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Old Ruff, the Trapper
Old Ruff, the Trapper

Chapter XIV · Down the Columbia

Chapter XIV of Old Ruff, the Trapper, “Down the Columbia,” is here in full — 37 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/7 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The next moment the copse parted, and to the surprise and pleasure of Harry Northend, not an Indian or wild animal, but old Robsart himself appeared.
The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.
But the trapper did not appear cast down or discouraged, although he, too, was apparently disappointed in the result of his journey.
After grasping the hand of the lad, he said:
“What do you s’pose, younker?
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Old Ruff, the Trapper

Chapter XIV · Down the Columbia

Chapter XIV of Old Ruff, the Trapper, “Down the Columbia,” is here in full — 37 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The next moment the copse parted, and to the surprise and pleasure of Harry Northend, not an Indian or wild animal, but old Robsart himself appeared.
Line 2
The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.
/ðə læd wɑːz nɑːt ɪkˈspektɪŋ hɪm bɪˈfɔːr ˈnaɪtfɔːl bʌt hiː hæd strɔːŋ hoʊps ðæt wen hiː dɪd kʌm hiː wʊd brɪŋ ˈlɪtəl ˈraɪfəl wɪð hɪm wen hiː sɔː ˈðerfɔːr ðæt hiː wɑːz ɪnˈtaɪərli əˈloʊn ðə ˈpleʒər ʌv ˈmiːtɪŋ hɪz oʊld frend əˈɡen wɑːz ˈmɪŋɡəld wɪð ə ˈbɪtər ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/
Line 3
But the trapper did not appear cast down or discouraged, although he, too, was apparently disappointed in the result of his journey.
/bʌt ðə ˈtræpər dɪd nɑːt əˈpɪr kæst daʊn ɔːr dɪˈskɜːrədʒd ˌɔːlˈðoʊ hiː tuː wɑːz əˈperəntli ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd ɪn ðə rɪˈzʌlt ʌv hɪz ˈdʒɜːrni/
Line 4
After grasping the hand of the lad, he said:
/ˈæftər ˈɡræspɪŋ ðə hænd ʌv ðə læd hiː sed/
Line 5
“What do you s’pose, younker?

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

disappointed adjective US /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/

disappointingly unsuccessful

From this reading “But the trapper did not appear cast down or discouraged, although he, too, was apparently disappointed in the result of his journey.”

discouraged adjective US /dɪˈskɜːrədʒd/

made less hopeful or enthusiastic

From this reading “But the trapper did not appear cast down or discouraged, although he, too, was apparently disappointed in the result of his journey.”

expecting verb US /ɪkˈspektɪŋ/

-ing form of “expect” — regard something as probable or likely

From this reading “The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.”

grasping noun US /ˈɡræspɪŋ/

understanding with difficulty

From this reading “After grasping the hand of the lad, he said:”

mingled verb US /ˈmɪŋɡəld/

past form of “mingle” — to bring or combine together or with something else

From this reading “The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.”

nightfall noun US /ˈnaɪtfɔːl/

the time of day immediately following sunset

From this reading “The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.”

trapper noun US /ˈtræpər/

someone who sets traps for animals (usually to obtain their furs)

From this reading “But the trapper did not appear cast down or discouraged, although he, too, was apparently disappointed in the result of his journey.”

younker noun US /ˈjʌŋkər/

a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading ““What do you s’pose, younker?”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

bitter disappointment adjective + noun

In this reading “The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.”

wild animal adjective + noun

In this reading “The next moment the copse parted, and to the surprise and pleasure of Harry Northend, not an Indian or wild animal, but old Robsart himself appeared.”

before nightfall preposition + noun

In this reading “The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.”

mingled with verb + particle counted as “mingle with”

In this reading “The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.”

next moment adjective + noun

In this reading “The next moment the copse parted, and to the surprise and pleasure of Harry Northend, not an Indian or wild animal, but old Robsart himself appeared.”

old friend adjective + noun

In this reading “The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.”

cast down verb + adjective

lower someone's spirits; make downhearted

In this reading “But the trapper did not appear cast down or discouraged, although he, too, was apparently disappointed in the result of his journey.”

entirely alone adverb + adjective

In this reading “The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After grasping the hand of the lad, he said:

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading But the trapper did not appear cast down or discouraged, although he, too, was apparently disappointed in the result of his journey.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The next moment the copse parted, and to the surprise and pleasure of Harry Northend, not an Indian or wild animal, but old Robsart himself appeared.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The next moment the copse parted, and to the surprise and pleasure of Harry Northend, not an Indian or wild animal, but old Robsart himself appeared.

animalnounUS /ˈænəməl/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading The next moment the copse parted, and to the surprise and pleasure of Harry Northend, not an Indian or wild animal, but old Robsart himself appeared.

apparentlyadverbUS /əˈperəntli/

from appearances alone

From this reading But the trapper did not appear cast down or discouraged, although he, too, was apparently disappointed in the result of his journey.

appearverbUS /əˈpɪr/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading But the trapper did not appear cast down or discouraged, although he, too, was apparently disappointed in the result of his journey.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The next moment the copse parted, and to the surprise and pleasure of Harry Northend, not an Indian or wild animal, but old Robsart himself appeared.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.

bitteradjectiveUS /ˈbɪtər/

marked by strong resentment or cynicism

From this reading The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.

bringverbUS /brɪŋ/

take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The next moment the copse parted, and to the surprise and pleasure of Harry Northend, not an Indian or wild animal, but old Robsart himself appeared.

castverbUS /kæst/

put or send forth

From this reading But the trapper did not appear cast down or discouraged, although he, too, was apparently disappointed in the result of his journey.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.

copsenoun

a dense growth of bushes

From this reading The next moment the copse parted, and to the surprise and pleasure of Harry Northend, not an Indian or wild animal, but old Robsart himself appeared.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.

disappointedadjectiveUS /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/

disappointingly unsuccessful

From this reading But the trapper did not appear cast down or discouraged, although he, too, was apparently disappointed in the result of his journey.

disappointmentnounUS /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/

a feeling of dissatisfaction that results when your expectations are not realized

From this reading The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.

discouragedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskɜːrədʒd/

made less hopeful or enthusiastic

From this reading But the trapper did not appear cast down or discouraged, although he, too, was apparently disappointed in the result of his journey.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading “What do you s’pose, younker?

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading But the trapper did not appear cast down or discouraged, although he, too, was apparently disappointed in the result of his journey.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.

expectingverbUS /ɪkˈspektɪŋ/

-ing form of “expect” — regard something as probable or likely

From this reading The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.

graspingnounUS /ˈɡræspɪŋ/

understanding with difficulty

From this reading After grasping the hand of the lad, he said:

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading After grasping the hand of the lad, he said:

HarryverbUS /ˈheri/

annoy continually or chronically

From this reading The next moment the copse parted, and to the surprise and pleasure of Harry Northend, not an Indian or wild animal, but old Robsart himself appeared.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading The next moment the copse parted, and to the surprise and pleasure of Harry Northend, not an Indian or wild animal, but old Robsart himself appeared.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.

hopesnounUS /hoʊps/

plural of “hope” — a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But the trapper did not appear cast down or discouraged, although he, too, was apparently disappointed in the result of his journey.

IndianadjectiveUS /ˈɪndiən/

of or relating to or characteristic of India or the East Indies or their peoples or languages or cultures

From this reading The next moment the copse parted, and to the surprise and pleasure of Harry Northend, not an Indian or wild animal, but old Robsart himself appeared.

journeyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading But the trapper did not appear cast down or discouraged, although he, too, was apparently disappointed in the result of his journey.

ladnounUS /læd/

a boy or man

From this reading The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.

LittleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.

meetingnounUS /ˈmiːtɪŋ/

a formally arranged gathering

From this reading The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.

mingledverbUS /ˈmɪŋɡəld/

past form of “mingle” — to bring or combine together or with something else

From this reading The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading The next moment the copse parted, and to the surprise and pleasure of Harry Northend, not an Indian or wild animal, but old Robsart himself appeared.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading The next moment the copse parted, and to the surprise and pleasure of Harry Northend, not an Indian or wild animal, but old Robsart himself appeared.

nightfallnounUS /ˈnaɪtfɔːl/

the time of day immediately following sunset

From this reading The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.

Northend

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next moment the copse parted, and to the surprise and pleasure of Harry Northend, not an Indian or wild animal, but old Robsart himself appeared.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The next moment the copse parted, and to the surprise and pleasure of Harry Northend, not an Indian or wild animal, but old Robsart himself appeared.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The next moment the copse parted, and to the surprise and pleasure of Harry Northend, not an Indian or wild animal, but old Robsart himself appeared.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The next moment the copse parted, and to the surprise and pleasure of Harry Northend, not an Indian or wild animal, but old Robsart himself appeared.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The next moment the copse parted, and to the surprise and pleasure of Harry Northend, not an Indian or wild animal, but old Robsart himself appeared.

partedadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːrtɪd/

having a margin incised almost to the base so as to create distinct divisions or lobes

From this reading The next moment the copse parted, and to the surprise and pleasure of Harry Northend, not an Indian or wild animal, but old Robsart himself appeared.

pleasurenounUS /ˈpleʒər/

a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading The next moment the copse parted, and to the surprise and pleasure of Harry Northend, not an Indian or wild animal, but old Robsart himself appeared.

resultnounUS /rɪˈzʌlt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading But the trapper did not appear cast down or discouraged, although he, too, was apparently disappointed in the result of his journey.

RifleverbUS /ˈraɪfəl/

steal goods; take as spoils

From this reading The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.

Robsart

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next moment the copse parted, and to the surprise and pleasure of Harry Northend, not an Indian or wild animal, but old Robsart himself appeared.

s'pose

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “What do you s’pose, younker?

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading After grasping the hand of the lad, he said:

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.

surprisenounUS /sərˈpraɪz/

the astonishment you feel when something totally unexpected happens to you

From this reading The next moment the copse parted, and to the surprise and pleasure of Harry Northend, not an Indian or wild animal, but old Robsart himself appeared.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The next moment the copse parted, and to the surprise and pleasure of Harry Northend, not an Indian or wild animal, but old Robsart himself appeared.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The next moment the copse parted, and to the surprise and pleasure of Harry Northend, not an Indian or wild animal, but old Robsart himself appeared.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading But the trapper did not appear cast down or discouraged, although he, too, was apparently disappointed in the result of his journey.

trappernounUS /ˈtræpər/

someone who sets traps for animals (usually to obtain their furs)

From this reading But the trapper did not appear cast down or discouraged, although he, too, was apparently disappointed in the result of his journey.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading “What do you s’pose, younker?

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading The next moment the copse parted, and to the surprise and pleasure of Harry Northend, not an Indian or wild animal, but old Robsart himself appeared.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The lad was not expecting him before nightfall, but he had strong hopes that when he did come he would bring Little Rifle with him; when he saw, therefore, that he was entirely alone, the pleasure of meeting his old friend again was mingled with a bitter disappointment.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “What do you s’pose, younker?

younkernounUS /ˈjʌŋkər/

a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading “What do you s’pose, younker?

Chapter 14 of Old Ruff, the Trapper by Edward Sylvester Ellis holds 37 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 14 of Old Ruff, the Trapper contain?

Chapter 14 holds 37 sentences of Old Ruff, the Trapper, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 14 of Old Ruff, the Trapper by Edward Sylvester Ellis exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 37 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 14 of Old Ruff, the Trapper?

Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 8 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 14 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 14 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Old Ruff, the Trapper

Common questions about reading Old Ruff, the Trapper by Edward Sylvester Ellis on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Old Ruff, the Trapper?

Yes. All 1625 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #66085 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Old Ruff, the Trapper is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #66085, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Old Ruff, the Trapper take to read?

About 135 minutes of reading across 325 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Old Ruff, the Trapper section by section

How to work through Old Ruff, the Trapper section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 20 chapters of Old Ruff, the Trapper to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Old Ruff, the Trapper

Words and structures a reader meets early in Old Ruff, the Trapper, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Trapper
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Old Ruff, the Trapper; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Young
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Old Ruff, the Trapper; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fur-hunters
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Old Ruff, the Trapper; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sequel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Old Ruff, the Trapper; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.