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Olive in Italy
Olive in Italy

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of Olive in Italy is here in full — 164 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The Villa Fiorelli is set high among the olive groves above the village of Settignano.
There are Medicean balls on a shield over the great wrought-iron gates, and the swarthy splendid banker princes appear as the Magi in the faded fresco painting of the Nativity in the chapel.
They have knelt there in the straw of the stable of Bethlehem for more than four hundred years.
The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.
The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Olive in Italy

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of Olive in Italy is here in full — 164 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Villa Fiorelli is set high among the olive groves above the village of Settignano.
Line 2
There are Medicean balls on a shield over the great wrought-iron gates, and the swarthy splendid banker princes appear as the Magi in the faded fresco painting of the Nativity in the chapel.
Line 3
They have knelt there in the straw of the stable of Bethlehem for more than four hundred years.
/ðeɪ hæv nelt ðer ɪn ðə strɔː ʌv ðə ˈsteɪbəl ʌv ˈbeθlɪhem fɔːr mɔːr ðæn fɔːr ˈhʌndrəd jɪrz/
Line 4
The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.
Line 5
The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bethlehem noun US /ˈbeθlɪhem/

a town in eastern Pennsylvania on the Lehigh River to the northwest of Philadelphia; an important center for steel production

From this reading “They have knelt there in the straw of the stable of Bethlehem for more than four hundred years.”

fresco noun US /ˈfreskoʊ/

a mural done with watercolors on wet plaster

From this reading “There are Medicean balls on a shield over the great wrought-iron gates, and the swarthy splendid banker princes appear as the Magi in the faded fresco painting of the Nativity in the chapel.”

loiter verb US /ˈlɔɪtər/

be about

From this reading “The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.”

Magi noun US /ˈmeɪdʒaɪ/

(New Testament) the sages who visited Jesus and Mary and Joseph shortly after Jesus was born

From this reading “There are Medicean balls on a shield over the great wrought-iron gates, and the swarthy splendid banker princes appear as the Magi in the faded fresco painting of the Nativity in the chapel.”

Nativity noun US /nəˈtɪvəti/

the event of being born

From this reading “There are Medicean balls on a shield over the great wrought-iron gates, and the swarthy splendid banker princes appear as the Magi in the faded fresco painting of the Nativity in the chapel.”

sonnets noun US /ˈsɑːnɪts/

plural of “sonnet” — a verse form consisting of 14 lines with a fixed rhyme scheme

From this reading “The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.”

swarthy adjective US /ˈswɔːrði/

naturally having skin of a dark color

From this reading “There are Medicean balls on a shield over the great wrought-iron gates, and the swarthy splendid banker princes appear as the Magi in the faded fresco painting of the Nativity in the chapel.”

thrusts noun US /θrʌsts/

plural of “thrust” — the force used in pushing

From this reading “The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.”

All words in this reading · 111

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading There are Medicean balls on a shield over the great wrought-iron gates, and the swarthy splendid banker princes appear as the Magi in the faded fresco painting of the Nativity in the chapel.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading The Villa Fiorelli is set high among the olive groves above the village of Settignano.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading The Villa Fiorelli is set high among the olive groves above the village of Settignano.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading There are Medicean balls on a shield over the great wrought-iron gates, and the swarthy splendid banker princes appear as the Magi in the faded fresco painting of the Nativity in the chapel.

appearverbUS /əˈpɪr/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading There are Medicean balls on a shield over the great wrought-iron gates, and the swarthy splendid banker princes appear as the Magi in the faded fresco painting of the Nativity in the chapel.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There are Medicean balls on a shield over the great wrought-iron gates, and the swarthy splendid banker princes appear as the Magi in the faded fresco painting of the Nativity in the chapel.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading There are Medicean balls on a shield over the great wrought-iron gates, and the swarthy splendid banker princes appear as the Magi in the faded fresco painting of the Nativity in the chapel.

ballsnounUS /bɔːlz/

plural of “ball” — round object that is hit or thrown or kicked in games

From this reading There are Medicean balls on a shield over the great wrought-iron gates, and the swarthy splendid banker princes appear as the Magi in the faded fresco painting of the Nativity in the chapel.

bankernounUS /ˈbæŋkər/

a financier who owns or is an executive in a bank

From this reading There are Medicean balls on a shield over the great wrought-iron gates, and the swarthy splendid banker princes appear as the Magi in the faded fresco painting of the Nativity in the chapel.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.

belongedverbUS /bɪˈlɔːŋd/

past form of “belong” — be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.

BethlehemnounUS /ˈbeθlɪhem/

a town in eastern Pennsylvania on the Lehigh River to the northwest of Philadelphia; an important center for steel production

From this reading They have knelt there in the straw of the stable of Bethlehem for more than four hundred years.

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.

chapelnounUS /ˈtʃæpəl/

a place of worship that has its own altar

From this reading There are Medicean balls on a shield over the great wrought-iron gates, and the swarthy splendid banker princes appear as the Magi in the faded fresco painting of the Nativity in the chapel.

cypresses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.

daggernounUS /ˈdæɡ.ər/

A short knife with a pointed and edged blade, used as a stealth weapon.

From this reading The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.

eldernounUS /ˈeldər/

a person who is older than you are

From this reading The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.

fadedadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪdəd/

having lost freshness or brilliance of color

From this reading There are Medicean balls on a shield over the great wrought-iron gates, and the swarthy splendid banker princes appear as the Magi in the faded fresco painting of the Nativity in the chapel.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.

Fiorelli

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Villa Fiorelli is set high among the olive groves above the village of Settignano.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.

FlorencenounUS /ˈflɔːrəns/

a city in central Italy on the Arno; provincial capital of Tuscany; center of the Italian Renaissance from 14th to 16th centuries

From this reading The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading They have knelt there in the straw of the stable of Bethlehem for more than four hundred years.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading They have knelt there in the straw of the stable of Bethlehem for more than four hundred years.

fresconounUS /ˈfreskoʊ/

a mural done with watercolors on wet plaster

From this reading There are Medicean balls on a shield over the great wrought-iron gates, and the swarthy splendid banker princes appear as the Magi in the faded fresco painting of the Nativity in the chapel.

gardennounUS /ˈɡɑːrdən/

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.

gatesnounUS /ɡeɪts/

United States computer entrepreneur whose software company made him the youngest multi-billionaire in the history of the United States (born in 1955)

From this reading There are Medicean balls on a shield over the great wrought-iron gates, and the swarthy splendid banker princes appear as the Magi in the faded fresco painting of the Nativity in the chapel.

Giuliano

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading There are Medicean balls on a shield over the great wrought-iron gates, and the swarthy splendid banker princes appear as the Magi in the faded fresco painting of the Nativity in the chapel.

grovesnounUS /ɡroʊvz/

United States general who served as military director of the atomic bomb project (1896-1970)

From this reading The Villa Fiorelli is set high among the olive groves above the village of Settignano.

handsomeadjectiveUS /ˈhænsəm/

pleasing in appearance especially by reason of conformity to ideals of form and proportion

From this reading The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading They have knelt there in the straw of the stable of Bethlehem for more than four hundred years.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The Villa Fiorelli is set high among the olive groves above the village of Settignano.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.

honournounUS /ˈɑːnər/

the state of being honored

From this reading The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading They have knelt there in the straw of the stable of Bethlehem for more than four hundred years.

idlenessnounUS /ˈaɪdəlnəs/

having no employment

From this reading The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading There are Medicean balls on a shield over the great wrought-iron gates, and the swarthy splendid banker princes appear as the Magi in the faded fresco painting of the Nativity in the chapel.

infamousadjectiveUS /ˈɪnfəməs/

known widely and usually unfavorably

From this reading The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Villa Fiorelli is set high among the olive groves above the village of Settignano.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.

kneltverbUS /nelt/

inflected form of “kneel” — rest one's weight on one's knees

From this reading They have knelt there in the straw of the stable of Bethlehem for more than four hundred years.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.

listenedverbUS /ˈlɪsənd/

past form of “listen” — hear with intention

From this reading The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.

loiterverbUS /ˈlɔɪtər/

be about

From this reading The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.

lordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.

Lorenzo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.

lovernounUS /ˈlʌvər/

a person who loves someone or is loved by someone

From this reading The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.

MaginounUS /ˈmeɪdʒaɪ/

(New Testament) the sages who visited Jesus and Mary and Joseph shortly after Jesus was born

From this reading There are Medicean balls on a shield over the great wrought-iron gates, and the swarthy splendid banker princes appear as the Magi in the faded fresco painting of the Nativity in the chapel.

Medicean

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are Medicean balls on a shield over the great wrought-iron gates, and the swarthy splendid banker princes appear as the Magi in the faded fresco painting of the Nativity in the chapel.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading They have knelt there in the straw of the stable of Bethlehem for more than four hundred years.

NativitynounUS /nəˈtɪvəti/

the event of being born

From this reading There are Medicean balls on a shield over the great wrought-iron gates, and the swarthy splendid banker princes appear as the Magi in the faded fresco painting of the Nativity in the chapel.

nobili

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Villa Fiorelli is set high among the olive groves above the village of Settignano.

oliveadjectiveUS /ˈɑːləv/

of a yellow-green color similar to that of an unripe olive

From this reading The Villa Fiorelli is set high among the olive groves above the village of Settignano.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading There are Medicean balls on a shield over the great wrought-iron gates, and the swarthy splendid banker princes appear as the Magi in the faded fresco painting of the Nativity in the chapel.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading There are Medicean balls on a shield over the great wrought-iron gates, and the swarthy splendid banker princes appear as the Magi in the faded fresco painting of the Nativity in the chapel.

paintingnounUS /ˈpeɪntɪŋ/

graphic art consisting of an artistic composition made by applying paints to a surface

From this reading There are Medicean balls on a shield over the great wrought-iron gates, and the swarthy splendid banker princes appear as the Magi in the faded fresco painting of the Nativity in the chapel.

Pazzi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.

PopenounUS /poʊp/

the head of the Roman Catholic Church

From this reading The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.

princesnounUS /ˈprɪnsəz/

plural of “prince” — a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading There are Medicean balls on a shield over the great wrought-iron gates, and the swarthy splendid banker princes appear as the Magi in the faded fresco painting of the Nativity in the chapel.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.

recklessadjectiveUS /ˈrekləs/

marked by defiant disregard for danger or consequences

From this reading The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.

Salviati

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.

scentedadjectiveUS /ˈsentɪd/

having the sense of smell

From this reading The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The Villa Fiorelli is set high among the olive groves above the village of Settignano.

Settignano

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Villa Fiorelli is set high among the olive groves above the village of Settignano.

shadenounUS /ʃeɪd/

relative darkness caused by light rays being intercepted by an opaque body

From this reading The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.

shieldnounUS /ʃiːld/

a protective covering or structure

From this reading There are Medicean balls on a shield over the great wrought-iron gates, and the swarthy splendid banker princes appear as the Magi in the faded fresco painting of the Nativity in the chapel.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.

Simonetta

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.

soldadjectiveUS /soʊld/

disposed of to a purchaser

From this reading The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.

songsnounUS /sɔːŋz/

plural of “song” — a short musical composition with words

From this reading The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.

sonnetsnounUS /ˈsɑːnɪts/

plural of “sonnet” — a verse form consisting of 14 lines with a fixed rhyme scheme

From this reading The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.

splendidadjectiveUS /ˈsplendɪd/

having great beauty and splendor

From this reading There are Medicean balls on a shield over the great wrought-iron gates, and the swarthy splendid banker princes appear as the Magi in the faded fresco painting of the Nativity in the chapel.

stableadjectiveUS /ˈsteɪbəl/

resistant to change of position or condition

From this reading They have knelt there in the straw of the stable of Bethlehem for more than four hundred years.

strawnounUS /strɔː/

plant fiber used e.g. for making baskets and hats or as fodder

From this reading They have knelt there in the straw of the stable of Bethlehem for more than four hundred years.

sungnounUS /sʌŋ/

the imperial dynasty of China from 960 to 1279; noted for art and literature and philosophy

From this reading The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.

swarthyadjectiveUS /ˈswɔːrði/

naturally having skin of a dark color

From this reading There are Medicean balls on a shield over the great wrought-iron gates, and the swarthy splendid banker princes appear as the Magi in the faded fresco painting of the Nativity in the chapel.

terracenounUS /ˈterəs/

usually paved outdoor area adjoining a residence

From this reading The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading They have knelt there in the straw of the stable of Bethlehem for more than four hundred years.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Villa Fiorelli is set high among the olive groves above the village of Settignano.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There are Medicean balls on a shield over the great wrought-iron gates, and the swarthy splendid banker princes appear as the Magi in the faded fresco painting of the Nativity in the chapel.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They have knelt there in the straw of the stable of Bethlehem for more than four hundred years.

thrustsnounUS /θrʌsts/

plural of “thrust” — the force used in pushing

From this reading The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.

VillanounUS /ˈvɪlə/

Mexican revolutionary leader (1877-1923)

From this reading The Villa Fiorelli is set high among the olive groves above the village of Settignano.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading The Villa Fiorelli is set high among the olive groves above the village of Settignano.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading The villa belonged first to handsome, reckless Giuliano, the lover of Simonetta and others, and the father of a Pope, and when the dagger thrusts of the Pazzi put an end to his short life his elder brother and lord, Lorenzo, held it for a while before he sold it to the Salviati.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading The _nobili_ of Florence were used to loiter long ago on the terrace in the shade of the five cypresses, and women, famous or infamous, but always beautiful, listened to sonnets said and songs sung in their honour in the scented idleness of the rose garden.

wrought-iron

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are Medicean balls on a shield over the great wrought-iron gates, and the swarthy splendid banker princes appear as the Magi in the faded fresco painting of the Nativity in the chapel.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading They have knelt there in the straw of the stable of Bethlehem for more than four hundred years.

Chapter 21 of Olive in Italy by Moray Dalton holds 164 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of Olive in Italy contain?

Chapter 21 holds 164 sentences of Olive in Italy, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of Olive in Italy by Moray Dalton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 164 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of Olive in Italy?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Olive in Italy

Common questions about reading Olive in Italy by Moray Dalton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Olive in Italy?

Yes. All 4517 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #29512 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Olive in Italy is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #29512, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Olive in Italy take to read?

About 376 minutes of reading across 904 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Olive in Italy section by section

How to work through Olive in Italy section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 34 chapters of Olive in Italy to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Olive in Italy

Words and structures a reader meets early in Olive in Italy, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Mixed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Olive in Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Poureth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Olive in Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dregs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Olive in Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thereof
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Olive in Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.