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Oliver Ellis
Oliver Ellis

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Oliver Ellis is here in full — 114 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Oliver Ellis
Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A SURPRISE.
During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.
Then I conveyed this impromptu engine (which I had lashed with a tough creeper to the yard arm) along the shore towards the cavern, where I intended to use it as a drag and lever.
On this evening, as if an adventure was about to be achieved, I was struck (I know not why) by the wild, rugged, and beautiful aspect of this lonely island.
About the cavern-mouth, the foreground of the view was a rocky beach, on which the waves of the Caribean sea were dashing in white foam, for the trade-wind blew freshly from the east.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Oliver Ellis

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Oliver Ellis is here in full — 114 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A SURPRISE.
/ə sərˈpraɪz/
Line 2
During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.
Line 3
Then I conveyed this impromptu engine (which I had lashed with a tough creeper to the yard arm) along the shore towards the cavern, where I intended to use it as a drag and lever.
Line 4
On this evening, as if an adventure was about to be achieved, I was struck (I know not why) by the wild, rugged, and beautiful aspect of this lonely island.
/ɑːn ðɪs ˈiːvnɪŋ æz ɪf æn ædˈventʃər wɑːz əˈbaʊt tuː biː əˈtʃiːvd aɪ wɑːz strʌk aɪ noʊ nɑːt waɪ baɪ ðə waɪld ˈrʌɡəd ənd ˈbjuːtəfəl ˈæspekt ʌv ðɪs ˈloʊnli ˈaɪlənd/
Line 5
About the cavern-mouth, the foreground of the view was a rocky beach, on which the waves of the Caribean sea were dashing in white foam, for the trade-wind blew freshly from the east.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

anvil noun US /ˈænvəl/

a heavy block of iron or steel on which hot metals are shaped by hammering

From this reading “During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.”

flinty adjective US /ˈflɪnti/

containing flint

From this reading “During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.”

foreground noun US /ˈfɔːrɡraʊnd/

the part of a scene that is near the viewer

From this reading “About the cavern-mouth, the foreground of the view was a rocky beach, on which the waves of the Caribean sea were dashing in white foam, for the trade-wind blew freshly from the east.”

freshly adverb US /ˈfreʃli/

very recently

From this reading “About the cavern-mouth, the foreground of the view was a rocky beach, on which the waves of the Caribean sea were dashing in white foam, for the trade-wind blew freshly from the east.”

impromptu noun US /ˌɪmˈprɑːmptuː/

an extemporaneous speech or remark

From this reading “Then I conveyed this impromptu engine (which I had lashed with a tough creeper to the yard arm) along the shore towards the cavern, where I intended to use it as a drag and lever.”

lever noun US /ˈlevər/

a rigid bar pivoted about a fulcrum

From this reading “Then I conveyed this impromptu engine (which I had lashed with a tough creeper to the yard arm) along the shore towards the cavern, where I intended to use it as a drag and lever.”

sling verb US /slɪŋ/

hurl as if with a sling

From this reading “During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.”

toiled verb US /tɔɪld/

past form of “toil” — work hard

From this reading “During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

white foam noun + noun

In this reading “About the cavern-mouth, the foreground of the view was a rocky beach, on which the waves of the Caribean sea were dashing in white foam, for the trade-wind blew freshly from the east.”

next day adjective + noun

In this reading “During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.”

along the shore preposition + article + noun counted as “along … shore”

In this reading “Then I conveyed this impromptu engine (which I had lashed with a tough creeper to the yard arm) along the shore towards the cavern, where I intended to use it as a drag and lever.”

lonely island adjective + noun

In this reading “On this evening, as if an adventure was about to be achieved, I was struck (I know not why) by the wild, rugged, and beautiful aspect of this lonely island.”

from the east preposition + article + noun counted as “from … east”

In this reading “About the cavern-mouth, the foreground of the view was a rocky beach, on which the waves of the Caribean sea were dashing in white foam, for the trade-wind blew freshly from the east.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A SURPRISE.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading On this evening, as if an adventure was about to be achieved, I was struck (I know not why) by the wild, rugged, and beautiful aspect of this lonely island.

achievedverbUS /əˈtʃiːvd/

past form of “achieve” — to gain with effort

From this reading On this evening, as if an adventure was about to be achieved, I was struck (I know not why) by the wild, rugged, and beautiful aspect of this lonely island.

adventureverbUS /ædˈventʃər/

take a risk in the hope of a favorable outcome

From this reading On this evening, as if an adventure was about to be achieved, I was struck (I know not why) by the wild, rugged, and beautiful aspect of this lonely island.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading Then I conveyed this impromptu engine (which I had lashed with a tough creeper to the yard arm) along the shore towards the cavern, where I intended to use it as a drag and lever.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.

anvilnounUS /ˈænvəl/

a heavy block of iron or steel on which hot metals are shaped by hammering

From this reading During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.

armnounUS /ɑːrm/

a human limb; technically the part of the superior limb between the shoulder and the elbow but commonly used to refer to the whole superior limb

From this reading Then I conveyed this impromptu engine (which I had lashed with a tough creeper to the yard arm) along the shore towards the cavern, where I intended to use it as a drag and lever.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.

ashoreadverbUS /əˈʃɔːr/

towards the shore from the water

From this reading During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.

aspectnounUS /ˈæspekt/

a distinct feature or element in a problem

From this reading On this evening, as if an adventure was about to be achieved, I was struck (I know not why) by the wild, rugged, and beautiful aspect of this lonely island.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading On this evening, as if an adventure was about to be achieved, I was struck (I know not why) by the wild, rugged, and beautiful aspect of this lonely island.

beachnounUS /biːtʃ/

an area of sand sloping down to the water of a sea or lake

From this reading About the cavern-mouth, the foreground of the view was a rocky beach, on which the waves of the Caribean sea were dashing in white foam, for the trade-wind blew freshly from the east.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading On this evening, as if an adventure was about to be achieved, I was struck (I know not why) by the wild, rugged, and beautiful aspect of this lonely island.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.

blewverbUS /bluː/

inflected form of “blow” — exhale hard

From this reading About the cavern-mouth, the foreground of the view was a rocky beach, on which the waves of the Caribean sea were dashing in white foam, for the trade-wind blew freshly from the east.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading On this evening, as if an adventure was about to be achieved, I was struck (I know not why) by the wild, rugged, and beautiful aspect of this lonely island.

Caribean

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About the cavern-mouth, the foreground of the view was a rocky beach, on which the waves of the Caribean sea were dashing in white foam, for the trade-wind blew freshly from the east.

cavernnounUS /ˈkæv.ərn/

A large, vast underground cave, often filled with forgotten ancient treasures.

From this reading Then I conveyed this impromptu engine (which I had lashed with a tough creeper to the yard arm) along the shore towards the cavern, where I intended to use it as a drag and lever.

cavern-mouth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About the cavern-mouth, the foreground of the view was a rocky beach, on which the waves of the Caribean sea were dashing in white foam, for the trade-wind blew freshly from the east.

conveyedverbUS /kənˈveɪd/

past form of “convey” — (of information) make known; pass on

From this reading Then I conveyed this impromptu engine (which I had lashed with a tough creeper to the yard arm) along the shore towards the cavern, where I intended to use it as a drag and lever.

creepernoun

any plant (as ivy or periwinkle) that grows by creeping

From this reading Then I conveyed this impromptu engine (which I had lashed with a tough creeper to the yard arm) along the shore towards the cavern, where I intended to use it as a drag and lever.

dashingadjectiveUS /ˈdæʃɪŋ/

lively and spirited

From this reading About the cavern-mouth, the foreground of the view was a rocky beach, on which the waves of the Caribean sea were dashing in white foam, for the trade-wind blew freshly from the east.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.

dragverbUS /dræɡ/

pull, as against a resistance

From this reading Then I conveyed this impromptu engine (which I had lashed with a tough creeper to the yard arm) along the shore towards the cavern, where I intended to use it as a drag and lever.

DuringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.

eastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading About the cavern-mouth, the foreground of the view was a rocky beach, on which the waves of the Caribean sea were dashing in white foam, for the trade-wind blew freshly from the east.

enginenounUS /ˈendʒən/

motor that converts thermal energy to mechanical work

From this reading Then I conveyed this impromptu engine (which I had lashed with a tough creeper to the yard arm) along the shore towards the cavern, where I intended to use it as a drag and lever.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading On this evening, as if an adventure was about to be achieved, I was struck (I know not why) by the wild, rugged, and beautiful aspect of this lonely island.

flintyadjectiveUS /ˈflɪnti/

containing flint

From this reading During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.

foamnounUS /foʊm/

a mass of small bubbles formed in or on a liquid

From this reading About the cavern-mouth, the foreground of the view was a rocky beach, on which the waves of the Caribean sea were dashing in white foam, for the trade-wind blew freshly from the east.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading About the cavern-mouth, the foreground of the view was a rocky beach, on which the waves of the Caribean sea were dashing in white foam, for the trade-wind blew freshly from the east.

foregroundnounUS /ˈfɔːrɡraʊnd/

the part of a scene that is near the viewer

From this reading About the cavern-mouth, the foreground of the view was a rocky beach, on which the waves of the Caribean sea were dashing in white foam, for the trade-wind blew freshly from the east.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.

freshlyadverbUS /ˈfreʃli/

very recently

From this reading About the cavern-mouth, the foreground of the view was a rocky beach, on which the waves of the Caribean sea were dashing in white foam, for the trade-wind blew freshly from the east.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.

hammernounUS /ˈhæmər/

the part of a gunlock that strikes the percussion cap when the trigger is pulled

From this reading During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.

hookverbUS /hʊk/

fasten with a hook

From this reading During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading On this evening, as if an adventure was about to be achieved, I was struck (I know not why) by the wild, rugged, and beautiful aspect of this lonely island.

impromptunounUS /ˌɪmˈprɑːmptuː/

an extemporaneous speech or remark

From this reading Then I conveyed this impromptu engine (which I had lashed with a tough creeper to the yard arm) along the shore towards the cavern, where I intended to use it as a drag and lever.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading About the cavern-mouth, the foreground of the view was a rocky beach, on which the waves of the Caribean sea were dashing in white foam, for the trade-wind blew freshly from the east.

intendedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtendɪd/

resulting from one's intentions

From this reading Then I conveyed this impromptu engine (which I had lashed with a tough creeper to the yard arm) along the shore towards the cavern, where I intended to use it as a drag and lever.

ironnounUS /ˈaɪərn/

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.

islandnounUS /ˈaɪlənd/

a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading On this evening, as if an adventure was about to be achieved, I was struck (I know not why) by the wild, rugged, and beautiful aspect of this lonely island.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Then I conveyed this impromptu engine (which I had lashed with a tough creeper to the yard arm) along the shore towards the cavern, where I intended to use it as a drag and lever.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading On this evening, as if an adventure was about to be achieved, I was struck (I know not why) by the wild, rugged, and beautiful aspect of this lonely island.

lashedverbUS /læʃt/

past form of “lash” — beat severely with a whip or rod

From this reading Then I conveyed this impromptu engine (which I had lashed with a tough creeper to the yard arm) along the shore towards the cavern, where I intended to use it as a drag and lever.

levernounUS /ˈlevər/

a rigid bar pivoted about a fulcrum

From this reading Then I conveyed this impromptu engine (which I had lashed with a tough creeper to the yard arm) along the shore towards the cavern, where I intended to use it as a drag and lever.

lonelyadjectiveUS /ˈloʊnli/

lacking companions or companionship

From this reading On this evening, as if an adventure was about to be achieved, I was struck (I know not why) by the wild, rugged, and beautiful aspect of this lonely island.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading On this evening, as if an adventure was about to be achieved, I was struck (I know not why) by the wild, rugged, and beautiful aspect of this lonely island.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On this evening, as if an adventure was about to be achieved, I was struck (I know not why) by the wild, rugged, and beautiful aspect of this lonely island.

rockyadjectiveUS /ˈrɑːki/

abounding in rocks or stones

From this reading About the cavern-mouth, the foreground of the view was a rocky beach, on which the waves of the Caribean sea were dashing in white foam, for the trade-wind blew freshly from the east.

ruggedadjectiveUS /ˈrʌɡəd/

sturdy and strong in constitution or construction; enduring

From this reading On this evening, as if an adventure was about to be achieved, I was struck (I know not why) by the wild, rugged, and beautiful aspect of this lonely island.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading About the cavern-mouth, the foreground of the view was a rocky beach, on which the waves of the Caribean sea were dashing in white foam, for the trade-wind blew freshly from the east.

shorenounUS /ʃɔːr/

the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading Then I conveyed this impromptu engine (which I had lashed with a tough creeper to the yard arm) along the shore towards the cavern, where I intended to use it as a drag and lever.

slingverbUS /slɪŋ/

hurl as if with a sling

From this reading During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.

speciesnounUS /ˈspiːʃiz/

(biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed

From this reading During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.

stonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.

struckadjectiveUS /strʌk/

(used in combination) affected by something overwhelming

From this reading On this evening, as if an adventure was about to be achieved, I was struck (I know not why) by the wild, rugged, and beautiful aspect of this lonely island.

SURPRISEnounUS /sərˈpraɪz/

the astonishment you feel when something totally unexpected happens to you

From this reading A SURPRISE.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then I conveyed this impromptu engine (which I had lashed with a tough creeper to the yard arm) along the shore towards the cavern, where I intended to use it as a drag and lever.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Then I conveyed this impromptu engine (which I had lashed with a tough creeper to the yard arm) along the shore towards the cavern, where I intended to use it as a drag and lever.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.

toiledverbUS /tɔɪld/

past form of “toil” — work hard

From this reading During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.

topsail-yard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.

toughadjectiveUS /tʌf/

not given to gentleness or sentimentality

From this reading Then I conveyed this impromptu engine (which I had lashed with a tough creeper to the yard arm) along the shore towards the cavern, where I intended to use it as a drag and lever.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading Then I conveyed this impromptu engine (which I had lashed with a tough creeper to the yard arm) along the shore towards the cavern, where I intended to use it as a drag and lever.

trade-wind

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About the cavern-mouth, the foreground of the view was a rocky beach, on which the waves of the Caribean sea were dashing in white foam, for the trade-wind blew freshly from the east.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading Then I conveyed this impromptu engine (which I had lashed with a tough creeper to the yard arm) along the shore towards the cavern, where I intended to use it as a drag and lever.

usingnounUS /ˈjuːzɪŋ/

an act that exploits or victimizes someone (treats them unfairly)

From this reading During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.

viewnounUS /vjuː/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading About the cavern-mouth, the foreground of the view was a rocky beach, on which the waves of the Caribean sea were dashing in white foam, for the trade-wind blew freshly from the east.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading On this evening, as if an adventure was about to be achieved, I was struck (I know not why) by the wild, rugged, and beautiful aspect of this lonely island.

washedadjectiveUS /wɑːʃt/

clean by virtue of having been washed in water

From this reading During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.

wavesnounUS /weɪvz/

plural of “wave” — one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)

From this reading About the cavern-mouth, the foreground of the view was a rocky beach, on which the waves of the Caribean sea were dashing in white foam, for the trade-wind blew freshly from the east.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading About the cavern-mouth, the foreground of the view was a rocky beach, on which the waves of the Caribean sea were dashing in white foam, for the trade-wind blew freshly from the east.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Then I conveyed this impromptu engine (which I had lashed with a tough creeper to the yard arm) along the shore towards the cavern, where I intended to use it as a drag and lever.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading About the cavern-mouth, the foreground of the view was a rocky beach, on which the waves of the Caribean sea were dashing in white foam, for the trade-wind blew freshly from the east.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading On this evening, as if an adventure was about to be achieved, I was struck (I know not why) by the wild, rugged, and beautiful aspect of this lonely island.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading On this evening, as if an adventure was about to be achieved, I was struck (I know not why) by the wild, rugged, and beautiful aspect of this lonely island.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading During the whole of the next day I toiled to form a species of hook, from the iron sling of the topsail-yard, with which I had been washed ashore--using a long flinty stone as a hammer, and another as an anvil.

yardnounUS /jɑːrd/

a unit of length equal to 3 feet; defined as 91.44 centimeters; originally taken to be the average length of a stride

From this reading Then I conveyed this impromptu engine (which I had lashed with a tough creeper to the yard arm) along the shore towards the cavern, where I intended to use it as a drag and lever.

Chapter 31 of Oliver Ellis by James Grant holds 114 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Oliver Ellis contain?

Chapter 31 holds 114 sentences of Oliver Ellis, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Oliver Ellis by James Grant exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 114 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Oliver Ellis?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Oliver Ellis

Common questions about reading Oliver Ellis by James Grant on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Oliver Ellis?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Oliver Ellis is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Oliver Ellis take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Oliver Ellis section by section

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  2. Read one section

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Vocabulary met early in Oliver Ellis

Words and structures a reader meets early in Oliver Ellis, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Oliver Ellis, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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