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Oliver Goldsmith
Oliver Goldsmith

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of Oliver Goldsmith is here in full — 109 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE LITERARY CLUB Goldsmith's income accrued, not through royalties upon his few great and immortal works, but from arduous and endless ephemeral tasks.
This ceaseless taxation of the mental faculties probably represents the most exhausting of all the processes of gaining a decent livelihood.
Never the strongest of men, these relentless intellectual exactions gave the brain no rest, and kept the physical frame in a condition of constant nervous weakness.
Writing from a bed of sickness, he tells his employer almost pitifully, amid the strain of things, that he cannot complete his translations from Plutarch.
Without a pension or a sinecure in some office of the State, literary life at that time was fraught with such incalculable difficulties that it demanded the maximum of prudence to achieve the minimum of subsistence.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Oliver Goldsmith

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of Oliver Goldsmith is here in full — 109 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE LITERARY CLUB Goldsmith's income accrued, not through royalties upon his few great and immortal works, but from arduous and endless ephemeral tasks.
/ðə ˈlɪtəreri klʌb ˈɡoʊldsmɪθs ˈɪnkʌm əˈkruːd nɑːt θruː ˈrɔɪəltiz əˈpɑːn hɪz fjuː ɡreɪt ənd ɪˈmɔːr.t̬əl wɜːrks bʌt frʌm ˈɑːrdʒuːəs ənd ˈendləs ɪˈfemərəl tæsks/
Line 2
This ceaseless taxation of the mental faculties probably represents the most exhausting of all the processes of gaining a decent livelihood.
/ðɪs ˈsiːslɪs tækˈseɪʃən ʌv ðə ˈmentəl ˈfækəltiz ˈprɑːbəbliː ˌreprɪˈzents ðə moʊst ɪɡˈzɔːstɪŋ ʌv ɔːl ðə ˈprɑːsesəz ʌv ˈɡeɪnɪŋ ə ˈdiːsənt ˈlaɪvlihʊd/
Line 3
Never the strongest of men, these relentless intellectual exactions gave the brain no rest, and kept the physical frame in a condition of constant nervous weakness.
/ˈnevər ðə ˈstrɔːŋɡəst ʌv men ðiːz rɪˈlentlɪs ˌɪntəˈlektʃuːəl ɪɡˈzækʃənz ɡeɪv ðə breɪn noʊ rest ənd kept ðə ˈfɪzɪkəl freɪm ɪn ə kənˈdɪʃən ʌv ˈkɑːnstənt ˈnɜːrvəs ˈwiːknəs/
Line 4
Writing from a bed of sickness, he tells his employer almost pitifully, amid the strain of things, that he cannot complete his translations from Plutarch.
Line 5
Without a pension or a sinecure in some office of the State, literary life at that time was fraught with such incalculable difficulties that it demanded the maximum of prudence to achieve the minimum of subsistence.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accrued adjective US /əˈkruːd/

periodically accumulated over time

From this reading “THE LITERARY CLUB Goldsmith's income accrued, not through royalties upon his few great and immortal works, but from arduous and endless ephemeral tasks.”

ephemeral adjective US /ɪˈfemərəl/

lasting a very short time

From this reading “THE LITERARY CLUB Goldsmith's income accrued, not through royalties upon his few great and immortal works, but from arduous and endless ephemeral tasks.”

exactions noun US /ɪɡˈzækʃənz/

plural of “exaction” — act of demanding or levying by force or authority

From this reading “Never the strongest of men, these relentless intellectual exactions gave the brain no rest, and kept the physical frame in a condition of constant nervous weakness.”

Goldsmith's noun US /ˈɡoʊldsmɪθs/

possessive form of “goldsmith” — an artisan who makes jewelry and other objects out of gold

From this reading “THE LITERARY CLUB Goldsmith's income accrued, not through royalties upon his few great and immortal works, but from arduous and endless ephemeral tasks.”

maximum noun US /ˈmæksəməm/

the largest possible quantity

From this reading “Without a pension or a sinecure in some office of the State, literary life at that time was fraught with such incalculable difficulties that it demanded the maximum of prudence to achieve the minimum of subsistence.”

minimum noun US /ˈmɪnəməm/

the smallest possible quantity

From this reading “Without a pension or a sinecure in some office of the State, literary life at that time was fraught with such incalculable difficulties that it demanded the maximum of prudence to achieve the minimum of subsistence.”

royalties noun US /ˈrɔɪəltiz/

plural of “royalty” — payment to the holder of a patent or copyright or resource for the right to use their property

From this reading “THE LITERARY CLUB Goldsmith's income accrued, not through royalties upon his few great and immortal works, but from arduous and endless ephemeral tasks.”

taxation noun US /tækˈseɪʃən/

charge against a citizen's person or property or activity for the support of government

From this reading “This ceaseless taxation of the mental faculties probably represents the most exhausting of all the processes of gaining a decent livelihood.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

mental faculties adjective + noun counted as “mental faculty”

one of the inherent cognitive or perceptual powers of the mind

In this reading “This ceaseless taxation of the mental faculties probably represents the most exhausting of all the processes of gaining a decent livelihood.”

literary life adjective + noun

In this reading “Without a pension or a sinecure in some office of the State, literary life at that time was fraught with such incalculable difficulties that it demanded the maximum of prudence to achieve the minimum of subsistence.”

processes of verb + particle counted as “process of”

In this reading “This ceaseless taxation of the mental faculties probably represents the most exhausting of all the processes of gaining a decent livelihood.”

of subsistence preposition + noun

In this reading “Without a pension or a sinecure in some office of the State, literary life at that time was fraught with such incalculable difficulties that it demanded the maximum of prudence to achieve the minimum of subsistence.”

All words in this reading · 97

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading This ceaseless taxation of the mental faculties probably represents the most exhausting of all the processes of gaining a decent livelihood.

accruedadjectiveUS /əˈkruːd/

periodically accumulated over time

From this reading THE LITERARY CLUB Goldsmith's income accrued, not through royalties upon his few great and immortal works, but from arduous and endless ephemeral tasks.

achieveverbUS /əˈtʃiːv/

to gain with effort

From this reading Without a pension or a sinecure in some office of the State, literary life at that time was fraught with such incalculable difficulties that it demanded the maximum of prudence to achieve the minimum of subsistence.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading This ceaseless taxation of the mental faculties probably represents the most exhausting of all the processes of gaining a decent livelihood.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Writing from a bed of sickness, he tells his employer almost pitifully, amid the strain of things, that he cannot complete his translations from Plutarch.

amidprepositionUS /əˈmɪd/

in the middle of; surrounded by

From this reading Writing from a bed of sickness, he tells his employer almost pitifully, amid the strain of things, that he cannot complete his translations from Plutarch.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE LITERARY CLUB Goldsmith's income accrued, not through royalties upon his few great and immortal works, but from arduous and endless ephemeral tasks.

arduousadjectiveUS /ˈɑːrdʒuːəs/

characterized by effort to the point of exhaustion; especially physical effort

From this reading THE LITERARY CLUB Goldsmith's income accrued, not through royalties upon his few great and immortal works, but from arduous and endless ephemeral tasks.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Without a pension or a sinecure in some office of the State, literary life at that time was fraught with such incalculable difficulties that it demanded the maximum of prudence to achieve the minimum of subsistence.

bednounUS /bed/

a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep

From this reading Writing from a bed of sickness, he tells his employer almost pitifully, amid the strain of things, that he cannot complete his translations from Plutarch.

brainnounUS /breɪn/

that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord

From this reading Never the strongest of men, these relentless intellectual exactions gave the brain no rest, and kept the physical frame in a condition of constant nervous weakness.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading THE LITERARY CLUB Goldsmith's income accrued, not through royalties upon his few great and immortal works, but from arduous and endless ephemeral tasks.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Writing from a bed of sickness, he tells his employer almost pitifully, amid the strain of things, that he cannot complete his translations from Plutarch.

ceaselessadjectiveUS /ˈsiːslɪs/

uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing

From this reading This ceaseless taxation of the mental faculties probably represents the most exhausting of all the processes of gaining a decent livelihood.

CLUBnounUS /klʌb/

a team of professional baseball players who play and travel together

From this reading THE LITERARY CLUB Goldsmith's income accrued, not through royalties upon his few great and immortal works, but from arduous and endless ephemeral tasks.

completeverbUS /kəmˈpliːt/

come or bring to a finish or an end

From this reading Writing from a bed of sickness, he tells his employer almost pitifully, amid the strain of things, that he cannot complete his translations from Plutarch.

conditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading Never the strongest of men, these relentless intellectual exactions gave the brain no rest, and kept the physical frame in a condition of constant nervous weakness.

constantadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnstənt/

unvarying in nature

From this reading Never the strongest of men, these relentless intellectual exactions gave the brain no rest, and kept the physical frame in a condition of constant nervous weakness.

decentadjectiveUS /ˈdiːsənt/

socially or conventionally correct; refined or virtuous

From this reading This ceaseless taxation of the mental faculties probably represents the most exhausting of all the processes of gaining a decent livelihood.

demandedverbUS /dɪˈmændəd/

past form of “demand” — request urgently and forcefully

From this reading Without a pension or a sinecure in some office of the State, literary life at that time was fraught with such incalculable difficulties that it demanded the maximum of prudence to achieve the minimum of subsistence.

difficultiesnounUS /ˈdɪfəkəltiz/

plural of “difficulty” — an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading Without a pension or a sinecure in some office of the State, literary life at that time was fraught with such incalculable difficulties that it demanded the maximum of prudence to achieve the minimum of subsistence.

employernounUS /emˈplɔɪər/

a person or firm that employs workers

From this reading Writing from a bed of sickness, he tells his employer almost pitifully, amid the strain of things, that he cannot complete his translations from Plutarch.

endlessadjectiveUS /ˈendləs/

tiresomely long; seemingly without end

From this reading THE LITERARY CLUB Goldsmith's income accrued, not through royalties upon his few great and immortal works, but from arduous and endless ephemeral tasks.

ephemeraladjectiveUS /ɪˈfemərəl/

lasting a very short time

From this reading THE LITERARY CLUB Goldsmith's income accrued, not through royalties upon his few great and immortal works, but from arduous and endless ephemeral tasks.

exactionsnounUS /ɪɡˈzækʃənz/

plural of “exaction” — act of demanding or levying by force or authority

From this reading Never the strongest of men, these relentless intellectual exactions gave the brain no rest, and kept the physical frame in a condition of constant nervous weakness.

exhaustingadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪŋ/

having a debilitating effect

From this reading This ceaseless taxation of the mental faculties probably represents the most exhausting of all the processes of gaining a decent livelihood.

facultiesnounUS /ˈfækəltiz/

plural of “faculty” — one of the inherent cognitive or perceptual powers of the mind

From this reading This ceaseless taxation of the mental faculties probably represents the most exhausting of all the processes of gaining a decent livelihood.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading THE LITERARY CLUB Goldsmith's income accrued, not through royalties upon his few great and immortal works, but from arduous and endless ephemeral tasks.

frameverbUS /freɪm/

enclose in or as if in a frame

From this reading Never the strongest of men, these relentless intellectual exactions gave the brain no rest, and kept the physical frame in a condition of constant nervous weakness.

fraughtadjectiveUS /frɔːt/

marked by distress

From this reading Without a pension or a sinecure in some office of the State, literary life at that time was fraught with such incalculable difficulties that it demanded the maximum of prudence to achieve the minimum of subsistence.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading THE LITERARY CLUB Goldsmith's income accrued, not through royalties upon his few great and immortal works, but from arduous and endless ephemeral tasks.

gainingverbUS /ˈɡeɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “gain” — obtain

From this reading This ceaseless taxation of the mental faculties probably represents the most exhausting of all the processes of gaining a decent livelihood.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Never the strongest of men, these relentless intellectual exactions gave the brain no rest, and kept the physical frame in a condition of constant nervous weakness.

Goldsmith'snounUS /ˈɡoʊldsmɪθs/

possessive form of “goldsmith” — an artisan who makes jewelry and other objects out of gold

From this reading THE LITERARY CLUB Goldsmith's income accrued, not through royalties upon his few great and immortal works, but from arduous and endless ephemeral tasks.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading THE LITERARY CLUB Goldsmith's income accrued, not through royalties upon his few great and immortal works, but from arduous and endless ephemeral tasks.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Writing from a bed of sickness, he tells his employer almost pitifully, amid the strain of things, that he cannot complete his translations from Plutarch.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading THE LITERARY CLUB Goldsmith's income accrued, not through royalties upon his few great and immortal works, but from arduous and endless ephemeral tasks.

immortaladjUS /ɪˈmɔːr.t̬əl/

Living forever; never dying or decaying. (Bất tử, trường tồn vĩnh cửu.)

From this reading THE LITERARY CLUB Goldsmith's income accrued, not through royalties upon his few great and immortal works, but from arduous and endless ephemeral tasks.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Never the strongest of men, these relentless intellectual exactions gave the brain no rest, and kept the physical frame in a condition of constant nervous weakness.

incalculableadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkælkjələbəl/

not able to be computed or enumerated

From this reading Without a pension or a sinecure in some office of the State, literary life at that time was fraught with such incalculable difficulties that it demanded the maximum of prudence to achieve the minimum of subsistence.

incomenounUS /ˈɪnkʌm/

the financial gain (earned or unearned) accruing over a given period of time

From this reading THE LITERARY CLUB Goldsmith's income accrued, not through royalties upon his few great and immortal works, but from arduous and endless ephemeral tasks.

intellectualadjectiveUS /ˌɪntəˈlektʃuːəl/

of or associated with or requiring the use of the mind

From this reading Never the strongest of men, these relentless intellectual exactions gave the brain no rest, and kept the physical frame in a condition of constant nervous weakness.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Without a pension or a sinecure in some office of the State, literary life at that time was fraught with such incalculable difficulties that it demanded the maximum of prudence to achieve the minimum of subsistence.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading Never the strongest of men, these relentless intellectual exactions gave the brain no rest, and kept the physical frame in a condition of constant nervous weakness.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Without a pension or a sinecure in some office of the State, literary life at that time was fraught with such incalculable difficulties that it demanded the maximum of prudence to achieve the minimum of subsistence.

LITERARYadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəreri/

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading THE LITERARY CLUB Goldsmith's income accrued, not through royalties upon his few great and immortal works, but from arduous and endless ephemeral tasks.

livelihoodnounUS /ˈlaɪvlihʊd/

the financial means whereby one lives

From this reading This ceaseless taxation of the mental faculties probably represents the most exhausting of all the processes of gaining a decent livelihood.

maximumnounUS /ˈmæksəməm/

the largest possible quantity

From this reading Without a pension or a sinecure in some office of the State, literary life at that time was fraught with such incalculable difficulties that it demanded the maximum of prudence to achieve the minimum of subsistence.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Never the strongest of men, these relentless intellectual exactions gave the brain no rest, and kept the physical frame in a condition of constant nervous weakness.

mentaladjectiveUS /ˈmentəl/

involving the mind or an intellectual process

From this reading This ceaseless taxation of the mental faculties probably represents the most exhausting of all the processes of gaining a decent livelihood.

minimumnounUS /ˈmɪnəməm/

the smallest possible quantity

From this reading Without a pension or a sinecure in some office of the State, literary life at that time was fraught with such incalculable difficulties that it demanded the maximum of prudence to achieve the minimum of subsistence.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading This ceaseless taxation of the mental faculties probably represents the most exhausting of all the processes of gaining a decent livelihood.

nervousadjectiveUS /ˈnɜːrvəs/

easily agitated

From this reading Never the strongest of men, these relentless intellectual exactions gave the brain no rest, and kept the physical frame in a condition of constant nervous weakness.

NeveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Never the strongest of men, these relentless intellectual exactions gave the brain no rest, and kept the physical frame in a condition of constant nervous weakness.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Never the strongest of men, these relentless intellectual exactions gave the brain no rest, and kept the physical frame in a condition of constant nervous weakness.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading THE LITERARY CLUB Goldsmith's income accrued, not through royalties upon his few great and immortal works, but from arduous and endless ephemeral tasks.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading This ceaseless taxation of the mental faculties probably represents the most exhausting of all the processes of gaining a decent livelihood.

officenounUS /ˈɔːfɪs/

place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading Without a pension or a sinecure in some office of the State, literary life at that time was fraught with such incalculable difficulties that it demanded the maximum of prudence to achieve the minimum of subsistence.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Without a pension or a sinecure in some office of the State, literary life at that time was fraught with such incalculable difficulties that it demanded the maximum of prudence to achieve the minimum of subsistence.

pensionnounUS /ˈpenʃən/

a regular payment to a person that is intended to allow them to subsist without working

From this reading Without a pension or a sinecure in some office of the State, literary life at that time was fraught with such incalculable difficulties that it demanded the maximum of prudence to achieve the minimum of subsistence.

physicaladjectiveUS /ˈfɪzɪkəl/

involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit

From this reading Never the strongest of men, these relentless intellectual exactions gave the brain no rest, and kept the physical frame in a condition of constant nervous weakness.

pitifullyadverbUS /ˈpɪtɪfəli/

to a pitiful degree

From this reading Writing from a bed of sickness, he tells his employer almost pitifully, amid the strain of things, that he cannot complete his translations from Plutarch.

Plutarchnoun

Greek biographer who wrote Parallel Lives (46?-120 AD)

From this reading Writing from a bed of sickness, he tells his employer almost pitifully, amid the strain of things, that he cannot complete his translations from Plutarch.

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading This ceaseless taxation of the mental faculties probably represents the most exhausting of all the processes of gaining a decent livelihood.

processesnounUS /ˈprɑːsesəz/

plural of “process” — a particular course of action intended to achieve a result

From this reading This ceaseless taxation of the mental faculties probably represents the most exhausting of all the processes of gaining a decent livelihood.

prudencenounUS /ˈpruːdəns/

discretion in practical affairs

From this reading Without a pension or a sinecure in some office of the State, literary life at that time was fraught with such incalculable difficulties that it demanded the maximum of prudence to achieve the minimum of subsistence.

relentlessadjectiveUS /rɪˈlentlɪs/

not to be placated or appeased or moved by entreaty

From this reading Never the strongest of men, these relentless intellectual exactions gave the brain no rest, and kept the physical frame in a condition of constant nervous weakness.

representsverbUS /ˌreprɪˈzents/

third-person singular of “represent” — take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to

From this reading This ceaseless taxation of the mental faculties probably represents the most exhausting of all the processes of gaining a decent livelihood.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading Never the strongest of men, these relentless intellectual exactions gave the brain no rest, and kept the physical frame in a condition of constant nervous weakness.

royaltiesnounUS /ˈrɔɪəltiz/

plural of “royalty” — payment to the holder of a patent or copyright or resource for the right to use their property

From this reading THE LITERARY CLUB Goldsmith's income accrued, not through royalties upon his few great and immortal works, but from arduous and endless ephemeral tasks.

sicknessnounUS /ˈsɪknəs/

impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism

From this reading Writing from a bed of sickness, he tells his employer almost pitifully, amid the strain of things, that he cannot complete his translations from Plutarch.

sinecurenoun

a benefice to which no spiritual or pastoral duties are attached

From this reading Without a pension or a sinecure in some office of the State, literary life at that time was fraught with such incalculable difficulties that it demanded the maximum of prudence to achieve the minimum of subsistence.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Without a pension or a sinecure in some office of the State, literary life at that time was fraught with such incalculable difficulties that it demanded the maximum of prudence to achieve the minimum of subsistence.

StatenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Without a pension or a sinecure in some office of the State, literary life at that time was fraught with such incalculable difficulties that it demanded the maximum of prudence to achieve the minimum of subsistence.

strainnounUS /streɪn/

(physics) deformation of a physical body under the action of applied forces

From this reading Writing from a bed of sickness, he tells his employer almost pitifully, amid the strain of things, that he cannot complete his translations from Plutarch.

strongestadjectiveUS /ˈstrɔːŋɡəst/

superlative of “strong” — having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading Never the strongest of men, these relentless intellectual exactions gave the brain no rest, and kept the physical frame in a condition of constant nervous weakness.

subsistencenounUS /səbˈsɪstəns/

minimal (or marginal) resources for subsisting

From this reading Without a pension or a sinecure in some office of the State, literary life at that time was fraught with such incalculable difficulties that it demanded the maximum of prudence to achieve the minimum of subsistence.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Without a pension or a sinecure in some office of the State, literary life at that time was fraught with such incalculable difficulties that it demanded the maximum of prudence to achieve the minimum of subsistence.

tasksnounUS /tæsks/

plural of “task” — any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading THE LITERARY CLUB Goldsmith's income accrued, not through royalties upon his few great and immortal works, but from arduous and endless ephemeral tasks.

taxationnounUS /tækˈseɪʃən/

charge against a citizen's person or property or activity for the support of government

From this reading This ceaseless taxation of the mental faculties probably represents the most exhausting of all the processes of gaining a decent livelihood.

tellsnounUS /telz/

plural of “tell” — a Swiss patriot who lived in the early 14th century and who was renowned for his skill as an archer

From this reading Writing from a bed of sickness, he tells his employer almost pitifully, amid the strain of things, that he cannot complete his translations from Plutarch.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Writing from a bed of sickness, he tells his employer almost pitifully, amid the strain of things, that he cannot complete his translations from Plutarch.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE LITERARY CLUB Goldsmith's income accrued, not through royalties upon his few great and immortal works, but from arduous and endless ephemeral tasks.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Never the strongest of men, these relentless intellectual exactions gave the brain no rest, and kept the physical frame in a condition of constant nervous weakness.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading Writing from a bed of sickness, he tells his employer almost pitifully, amid the strain of things, that he cannot complete his translations from Plutarch.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This ceaseless taxation of the mental faculties probably represents the most exhausting of all the processes of gaining a decent livelihood.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading THE LITERARY CLUB Goldsmith's income accrued, not through royalties upon his few great and immortal works, but from arduous and endless ephemeral tasks.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Without a pension or a sinecure in some office of the State, literary life at that time was fraught with such incalculable difficulties that it demanded the maximum of prudence to achieve the minimum of subsistence.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Without a pension or a sinecure in some office of the State, literary life at that time was fraught with such incalculable difficulties that it demanded the maximum of prudence to achieve the minimum of subsistence.

translationsnounUS /trænzˈleɪʃənz/

plural of “translation” — a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language

From this reading Writing from a bed of sickness, he tells his employer almost pitifully, amid the strain of things, that he cannot complete his translations from Plutarch.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading THE LITERARY CLUB Goldsmith's income accrued, not through royalties upon his few great and immortal works, but from arduous and endless ephemeral tasks.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Without a pension or a sinecure in some office of the State, literary life at that time was fraught with such incalculable difficulties that it demanded the maximum of prudence to achieve the minimum of subsistence.

weaknessnounUS /ˈwiːknəs/

a flaw or weak point

From this reading Never the strongest of men, these relentless intellectual exactions gave the brain no rest, and kept the physical frame in a condition of constant nervous weakness.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Without a pension or a sinecure in some office of the State, literary life at that time was fraught with such incalculable difficulties that it demanded the maximum of prudence to achieve the minimum of subsistence.

WithoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Without a pension or a sinecure in some office of the State, literary life at that time was fraught with such incalculable difficulties that it demanded the maximum of prudence to achieve the minimum of subsistence.

worksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading THE LITERARY CLUB Goldsmith's income accrued, not through royalties upon his few great and immortal works, but from arduous and endless ephemeral tasks.

WritingnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋ/

the act of creating written works

From this reading Writing from a bed of sickness, he tells his employer almost pitifully, amid the strain of things, that he cannot complete his translations from Plutarch.

Chapter 6 of Oliver Goldsmith by E. S. Lang (Ernest Segar Lang), -1916 Buckland holds 109 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of Oliver Goldsmith contain?

Chapter 6 holds 109 sentences of Oliver Goldsmith, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of Oliver Goldsmith by E. S. Lang (Ernest Segar Lang), -1916 Buckland exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 109 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of Oliver Goldsmith?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Oliver Goldsmith

Common questions about reading Oliver Goldsmith by E. S. Lang (Ernest Segar Lang), -1916 Buckland on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Oliver Goldsmith?

Yes. All 987 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #31462 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Oliver Goldsmith is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #31462, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Oliver Goldsmith take to read?

About 82 minutes of reading across 198 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Oliver Goldsmith section by section

How to work through Oliver Goldsmith section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 9 chapters of Oliver Goldsmith to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Oliver Goldsmith

Words and structures a reader meets early in Oliver Goldsmith, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Oliver
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Oliver Goldsmith; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Goldsmith
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Oliver Goldsmith; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Painting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Oliver Goldsmith; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Reynolds
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Oliver Goldsmith; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.