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Ombra
Ombra

Chapter XXVIII

Chapter 28 of Ombra is here in full — 146 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.
He was young, handsome, and well-dressed, and the continual salutes he received as he moved along testified that he was well known in Florence.
The old man’s eye (knowing nothing about him) dwelt on him with a certain pleasure.
That he was a genial, friendly young soul there could be no doubt; so pleasant were his salutations to great and small, made with hat and hand and voice, as continually as a prince’s salutations to his subjects.
Probably he was a young prince, or duke, or marchesino; at all events, a noble of the old blue blood, which, in Italy, is at once so uncontaminated and so popular.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Ombra

Chapter XXVIII

Chapter 28 of Ombra is here in full — 146 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.
Line 2
He was young, handsome, and well-dressed, and the continual salutes he received as he moved along testified that he was well known in Florence.
Line 3
The old man’s eye (knowing nothing about him) dwelt on him with a certain pleasure.
/ðə oʊld mænz aɪ ˈnoʊɪŋ ˈnʌθɪŋ əˈbaʊt hɪm dwelt ɑːn hɪm wɪð ə ˈsɜːrtən ˈpleʒər/
Line 4
That he was a genial, friendly young soul there could be no doubt; so pleasant were his salutations to great and small, made with hat and hand and voice, as continually as a prince’s salutations to his subjects.
Line 5
Probably he was a young prince, or duke, or marchesino; at all events, a noble of the old blue blood, which, in Italy, is at once so uncontaminated and so popular.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bouquet noun US /buːˈkeɪ/

an arrangement of flowers that is usually given as a present

From this reading “Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.”

continual adjective US /kənˈtɪnjuːəl/

recurring regularly or frequently in a prolonged and closely spaced series

From this reading “He was young, handsome, and well-dressed, and the continual salutes he received as he moved along testified that he was well known in Florence.”

genial adjective US /ˈdʒiːnjəl/

diffusing warmth and friendliness

From this reading “That he was a genial, friendly young soul there could be no doubt; so pleasant were his salutations to great and small, made with hat and hand and voice, as continually as a prince’s salutations to his subjects.”

prince's noun US /ˈprɪnsɪz/

possessive form of “prince” — a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

salutes noun US /səˈluːts/

plural of “salute” — an act of honor or courteous recognition

From this reading “He was young, handsome, and well-dressed, and the continual salutes he received as he moved along testified that he was well known in Florence.”

testified verb US /ˈtestəfaɪd/

inflected form of “testify” — give testimony in a court of law

From this reading “He was young, handsome, and well-dressed, and the continual salutes he received as he moved along testified that he was well known in Florence.”

uncontaminated adjective US /ˌʌnkənˈtæməneɪtɪd/

not corrupted by contact or association

From this reading “Probably he was a young prince, or duke, or marchesino; at all events, a noble of the old blue blood, which, in Italy, is at once so uncontaminated and so popular.”

violets noun US /ˈvaɪələts/

plural of “violet” — any of numerous low-growing violas with small flowers

From this reading “Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Next morning adjective + noun

In this reading “Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.”

young man adjective + noun

a teenager or a young adult male

In this reading “Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.”

at once preposition + adverb

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

In this reading “Probably he was a young prince, or duke, or marchesino; at all events, a noble of the old blue blood, which, in Italy, is at once so uncontaminated and so popular.”

well known adverb + adjective

In this reading “He was young, handsome, and well-dressed, and the continual salutes he received as he moved along testified that he was well known in Florence.”

all events adjective + noun counted as “all event”

In this reading “Probably he was a young prince, or duke, or marchesino; at all events, a noble of the old blue blood, which, in Italy, is at once so uncontaminated and so popular.”

young prince adjective + noun

In this reading “Probably he was a young prince, or duke, or marchesino; at all events, a noble of the old blue blood, which, in Italy, is at once so uncontaminated and so popular.”

in front preposition + noun

at or in the front

In this reading “Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.”

dwelt on verb + particle counted as “dwell on”

delay

In this reading “The old man’s eye (knowing nothing about him) dwelt on him with a certain pleasure.”

All words in this reading · 93

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The old man’s eye (knowing nothing about him) dwelt on him with a certain pleasure.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Probably he was a young prince, or duke, or marchesino; at all events, a noble of the old blue blood, which, in Italy, is at once so uncontaminated and so popular.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading He was young, handsome, and well-dressed, and the continual salutes he received as he moved along testified that he was well known in Florence.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He was young, handsome, and well-dressed, and the continual salutes he received as he moved along testified that he was well known in Florence.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He was young, handsome, and well-dressed, and the continual salutes he received as he moved along testified that he was well known in Florence.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Probably he was a young prince, or duke, or marchesino; at all events, a noble of the old blue blood, which, in Italy, is at once so uncontaminated and so popular.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading That he was a genial, friendly young soul there could be no doubt; so pleasant were his salutations to great and small, made with hat and hand and voice, as continually as a prince’s salutations to his subjects.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading Probably he was a young prince, or duke, or marchesino; at all events, a noble of the old blue blood, which, in Italy, is at once so uncontaminated and so popular.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading Probably he was a young prince, or duke, or marchesino; at all events, a noble of the old blue blood, which, in Italy, is at once so uncontaminated and so popular.

bouquetnounUS /buːˈkeɪ/

an arrangement of flowers that is usually given as a present

From this reading Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.

caughtverbUS /kɑːt/

inflected form of “catch” — discover or come upon accidentally, suddenly, or unexpectedly; catch somebody doing something or in a certain state

From this reading Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading The old man’s eye (knowing nothing about him) dwelt on him with a certain pleasure.

continualadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːəl/

recurring regularly or frequently in a prolonged and closely spaced series

From this reading He was young, handsome, and well-dressed, and the continual salutes he received as he moved along testified that he was well known in Florence.

continuallyadverbUS /kənˈtɪnjuːəli/

seemingly without interruption

From this reading That he was a genial, friendly young soul there could be no doubt; so pleasant were his salutations to great and small, made with hat and hand and voice, as continually as a prince’s salutations to his subjects.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading That he was a genial, friendly young soul there could be no doubt; so pleasant were his salutations to great and small, made with hat and hand and voice, as continually as a prince’s salutations to his subjects.

Courtenay

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.

doubtnounUS /daʊt/

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading That he was a genial, friendly young soul there could be no doubt; so pleasant were his salutations to great and small, made with hat and hand and voice, as continually as a prince’s salutations to his subjects.

dukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading Probably he was a young prince, or duke, or marchesino; at all events, a noble of the old blue blood, which, in Italy, is at once so uncontaminated and so popular.

dweltverbUS /dwelt/

inflected form of “dwell” — think moodily or anxiously about something

From this reading The old man’s eye (knowing nothing about him) dwelt on him with a certain pleasure.

eventsnounUS /ɪˈvents/

plural of “event” — something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading Probably he was a young prince, or duke, or marchesino; at all events, a noble of the old blue blood, which, in Italy, is at once so uncontaminated and so popular.

exactlyadverbUS /ɪɡˈzæktli/

indicating exactness or preciseness

From this reading Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.

eyenounUS /aɪ/

the organ of sight

From this reading Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.

FlorencenounUS /ˈflɔːrəns/

a city in central Italy on the Arno; provincial capital of Tuscany; center of the Italian Renaissance from 14th to 16th centuries

From this reading He was young, handsome, and well-dressed, and the continual salutes he received as he moved along testified that he was well known in Florence.

friendlyadjectiveUS /ˈfrendli/

characteristic of or befitting a friend

From this reading That he was a genial, friendly young soul there could be no doubt; so pleasant were his salutations to great and small, made with hat and hand and voice, as continually as a prince’s salutations to his subjects.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.

genialadjectiveUS /ˈdʒiːnjəl/

diffusing warmth and friendliness

From this reading That he was a genial, friendly young soul there could be no doubt; so pleasant were his salutations to great and small, made with hat and hand and voice, as continually as a prince’s salutations to his subjects.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.

handsomeadjectiveUS /ˈhænsəm/

pleasing in appearance especially by reason of conformity to ideals of form and proportion

From this reading He was young, handsome, and well-dressed, and the continual salutes he received as he moved along testified that he was well known in Florence.

hatnounUS /hæt/

headdress that protects the head from bad weather; has shaped crown and usually a brim

From this reading That he was a genial, friendly young soul there could be no doubt; so pleasant were his salutations to great and small, made with hat and hand and voice, as continually as a prince’s salutations to his subjects.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was young, handsome, and well-dressed, and the continual salutes he received as he moved along testified that he was well known in Florence.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.

hotelnounUS /hoʊˈtel/

a building where travelers can pay for lodging and meals and other services

From this reading Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Probably he was a young prince, or duke, or marchesino; at all events, a noble of the old blue blood, which, in Italy, is at once so uncontaminated and so popular.

ItalynounUS /ˈɪtəli/

a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD

From this reading Probably he was a young prince, or duke, or marchesino; at all events, a noble of the old blue blood, which, in Italy, is at once so uncontaminated and so popular.

knowingadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊɪŋ/

evidencing the possession of inside information

From this reading The old man’s eye (knowing nothing about him) dwelt on him with a certain pleasure.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading He was young, handsome, and well-dressed, and the continual salutes he received as he moved along testified that he was well known in Florence.

Lung-Arno

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading That he was a genial, friendly young soul there could be no doubt; so pleasant were his salutations to great and small, made with hat and hand and voice, as continually as a prince’s salutations to his subjects.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.

man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The old man’s eye (knowing nothing about him) dwelt on him with a certain pleasure.

marchesino

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Probably he was a young prince, or duke, or marchesino; at all events, a noble of the old blue blood, which, in Italy, is at once so uncontaminated and so popular.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.

movedadjectiveUS /muːvd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading He was young, handsome, and well-dressed, and the continual salutes he received as he moved along testified that he was well known in Florence.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.

NextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading That he was a genial, friendly young soul there could be no doubt; so pleasant were his salutations to great and small, made with hat and hand and voice, as continually as a prince’s salutations to his subjects.

nobleadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊbəl/

impressive in appearance

From this reading Probably he was a young prince, or duke, or marchesino; at all events, a noble of the old blue blood, which, in Italy, is at once so uncontaminated and so popular.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading The old man’s eye (knowing nothing about him) dwelt on him with a certain pleasure.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The old man’s eye (knowing nothing about him) dwelt on him with a certain pleasure.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The old man’s eye (knowing nothing about him) dwelt on him with a certain pleasure.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Probably he was a young prince, or duke, or marchesino; at all events, a noble of the old blue blood, which, in Italy, is at once so uncontaminated and so popular.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Probably he was a young prince, or duke, or marchesino; at all events, a noble of the old blue blood, which, in Italy, is at once so uncontaminated and so popular.

pleasantadjectiveUS /ˈplezənt/

affording pleasure; being in harmony with your taste or likings

From this reading That he was a genial, friendly young soul there could be no doubt; so pleasant were his salutations to great and small, made with hat and hand and voice, as continually as a prince’s salutations to his subjects.

pleasurenounUS /ˈpleʒər/

a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading The old man’s eye (knowing nothing about him) dwelt on him with a certain pleasure.

popularadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːpjələr/

regarded with great favor, approval, or affection especially by the general public

From this reading Probably he was a young prince, or duke, or marchesino; at all events, a noble of the old blue blood, which, in Italy, is at once so uncontaminated and so popular.

princenounUS /prɪns/

a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading Probably he was a young prince, or duke, or marchesino; at all events, a noble of the old blue blood, which, in Italy, is at once so uncontaminated and so popular.

prince'snounUS /ˈprɪnsɪz/

possessive form of “prince” — a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading That he was a genial, friendly young soul there could be no doubt; so pleasant were his salutations to great and small, made with hat and hand and voice, as continually as a prince’s salutations to his subjects.

ProbablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading Probably he was a young prince, or duke, or marchesino; at all events, a noble of the old blue blood, which, in Italy, is at once so uncontaminated and so popular.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading He was young, handsome, and well-dressed, and the continual salutes he received as he moved along testified that he was well known in Florence.

salutations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That he was a genial, friendly young soul there could be no doubt; so pleasant were his salutations to great and small, made with hat and hand and voice, as continually as a prince’s salutations to his subjects.

salutesnounUS /səˈluːts/

plural of “salute” — an act of honor or courteous recognition

From this reading He was young, handsome, and well-dressed, and the continual salutes he received as he moved along testified that he was well known in Florence.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading That he was a genial, friendly young soul there could be no doubt; so pleasant were his salutations to great and small, made with hat and hand and voice, as continually as a prince’s salutations to his subjects.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading That he was a genial, friendly young soul there could be no doubt; so pleasant were his salutations to great and small, made with hat and hand and voice, as continually as a prince’s salutations to his subjects.

soulnounUS /soʊl/

the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading That he was a genial, friendly young soul there could be no doubt; so pleasant were his salutations to great and small, made with hat and hand and voice, as continually as a prince’s salutations to his subjects.

subjectsnounUS /ˈsʌbdʒɪkts/

plural of “subject” — the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading That he was a genial, friendly young soul there could be no doubt; so pleasant were his salutations to great and small, made with hat and hand and voice, as continually as a prince’s salutations to his subjects.

testifiedverbUS /ˈtestəfaɪd/

inflected form of “testify” — give testimony in a court of law

From this reading He was young, handsome, and well-dressed, and the continual salutes he received as he moved along testified that he was well known in Florence.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He was young, handsome, and well-dressed, and the continual salutes he received as he moved along testified that he was well known in Florence.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading That he was a genial, friendly young soul there could be no doubt; so pleasant were his salutations to great and small, made with hat and hand and voice, as continually as a prince’s salutations to his subjects.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.

uncontaminatedadjectiveUS /ˌʌnkənˈtæməneɪtɪd/

not corrupted by contact or association

From this reading Probably he was a young prince, or duke, or marchesino; at all events, a noble of the old blue blood, which, in Italy, is at once so uncontaminated and so popular.

violetsnounUS /ˈvaɪələts/

plural of “violet” — any of numerous low-growing violas with small flowers

From this reading Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.

voicenounUS /vɔɪs/

the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading That he was a genial, friendly young soul there could be no doubt; so pleasant were his salutations to great and small, made with hat and hand and voice, as continually as a prince’s salutations to his subjects.

walkingadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːkɪŋ/

close enough to be walked to

From this reading Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading He was young, handsome, and well-dressed, and the continual salutes he received as he moved along testified that he was well known in Florence.

well-dressedadjective

having tasteful clothing and being scrupulously neat

From this reading He was young, handsome, and well-dressed, and the continual salutes he received as he moved along testified that he was well known in Florence.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading That he was a genial, friendly young soul there could be no doubt; so pleasant were his salutations to great and small, made with hat and hand and voice, as continually as a prince’s salutations to his subjects.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Probably he was a young prince, or duke, or marchesino; at all events, a noble of the old blue blood, which, in Italy, is at once so uncontaminated and so popular.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Next morning, when Mr. Courtenay took his way from the hotel to the Lung-Arno, his eye was caught by the appearance of a young man who was walking exactly in front of him with a great bouquet of violets in his hand.

Chapter 28 of Ombra by Mrs. (Margaret) Oliphant holds 146 sentences, grouped into 30 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 28 of Ombra contain?

Chapter 28 holds 146 sentences of Ombra, unabridged, divided into 30 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 28 of Ombra by Mrs. (Margaret) Oliphant exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 146 sentences, grouped into 30 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 28 of Ombra?

Work through the 30 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 30 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 28 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 28 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Ombra

Common questions about reading Ombra by Mrs. (Margaret) Oliphant on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Ombra?

Yes. All 8995 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #53583 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Ombra is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #53583, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Ombra take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1799 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Ombra section by section

How to work through Ombra section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Ombra to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Ombra

Words and structures a reader meets early in Ombra, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ombra; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Madonna
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ombra; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Squire
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ombra; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Arden
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ombra; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.