Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
On Compromise
On Compromise

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of On Compromise is here in full — 279 sentences across 56 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for On Compromise
Context Illustration Reading 1/55 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
OF THE POSSIBLE UTILITY OF ERROR.
_Das Wahre fördert; aus dem Irrthum entwickelt sich nichts, er verwickeltuns nur.--_ GOETHE.
At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.
This is the question of a dual doctrine.
In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

On Compromise

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of On Compromise is here in full — 279 sentences across 56 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/55 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
OF THE POSSIBLE UTILITY OF ERROR.
/ʌv ðə ˈpɑːsəbəl juːˈtɪləti ʌv ˈerər/
Line 2
_Das Wahre fördert; aus dem Irrthum entwickelt sich nichts, er verwickeltuns nur.--_ GOETHE.
Line 3
At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.
Line 4
This is the question of a dual doctrine.
/ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈkwestʃən ʌv ə ˈduːəl ˈdɑːktrən/
Line 5
In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aus noun US /aʊz/

plural of “au” — a soft yellow malleable ductile (trivalent and univalent) metallic element; occurs mainly as nuggets in rocks and alluvial deposits; does not react with most chemicals but is attacked by chlorine and aqua regia

From this reading “_Das Wahre fördert; aus dem Irrthum entwickelt sich nichts, er verwickeltuns nur.--_ GOETHE.”

Das noun US /dæs/

any of several small ungulate mammals of Africa and Asia with rodent-like incisors and feet with hooflike toes

dual adjective US /ˈduːəl/

consisting of or involving two parts or components usually in pairs

From this reading “This is the question of a dual doctrine.”

goethe noun US /ɡoʊθ/

German poet and novelist and dramatist who lived in Weimar (1749-1832)

From this reading “_Das Wahre fördert; aus dem Irrthum entwickelt sich nichts, er verwickeltuns nur.--_ GOETHE.”

overrule verb US /ˈoʊvərruːl/

rule against

From this reading “At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.”

plainer adjective US /ˈpleɪnər/

comparative of “plain” — clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading “In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.”

utility noun US /juːˈtɪləti/

a company that performs a public service; subject to government regulation

From this reading “OF THE POSSIBLE UTILITY OF ERROR.”

variance noun US /ˈveriəns/

an event that departs from expectations

From this reading “At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.”

All words in this reading · 92

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

allowedverbUS /əˈlaʊd/

past form of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

ausnounUS /aʊz/

plural of “au” — a soft yellow malleable ductile (trivalent and univalent) metallic element; occurs mainly as nuggets in rocks and alluvial deposits; does not react with most chemicals but is attacked by chlorine and aqua regia

From this reading _Das Wahre fördert; aus dem Irrthum entwickelt sich nichts, er verwickeltuns nur.--_ GOETHE.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

classesnounUS /ˈklæsəz/

plural of “class” — a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

communitynounUS /kəˈmjuːnəti/

a group of people living in a particular local area

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

DasnounUS /dæs/

any of several small ungulate mammals of Africa and Asia with rodent-like incisors and feet with hooflike toes

From this reading _Das Wahre fördert; aus dem Irrthum entwickelt sich nichts, er verwickeltuns nur.--_ GOETHE.

dem

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Das Wahre fördert; aus dem Irrthum entwickelt sich nichts, er verwickeltuns nur.--_ GOETHE.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

doctrinenounUS /ˈdɑːktrən/

a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school

From this reading This is the question of a dual doctrine.

dualadjectiveUS /ˈduːəl/

consisting of or involving two parts or components usually in pairs

From this reading This is the question of a dual doctrine.

encourageverbUS /enˈkɜːrɪdʒ/

contribute to the progress or growth of

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

enlightenedadjectiveUS /ˌenˈlaɪtənd/

having knowledge and spiritual insight

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

entwickelt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Das Wahre fördert; aus dem Irrthum entwickelt sich nichts, er verwickeltuns nur.--_ GOETHE.

ernounUS /ər/

a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; occurs with yttrium

From this reading _Das Wahre fördert; aus dem Irrthum entwickelt sich nichts, er verwickeltuns nur.--_ GOETHE.

ERRORnounUS /ˈerər/

a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading OF THE POSSIBLE UTILITY OF ERROR.

existingadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ/

presently existing

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

expedientadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspiːdiənt/

serving to promote your interest

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

factsnounUS /fækts/

plural of “fact” — a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

fortunateadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrtʃənət/

having unexpected good fortune

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

fördert

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Das Wahre fördert; aus dem Irrthum entwickelt sich nichts, er verwickeltuns nur.--_ GOETHE.

GOETHEnounUS /ɡoʊθ/

German poet and novelist and dramatist who lived in Weimar (1749-1832)

From this reading _Das Wahre fördert; aus dem Irrthum entwickelt sich nichts, er verwickeltuns nur.--_ GOETHE.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

ideasnounUS /aɪˈdiːəz/

plural of “idea” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

indispensably

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

inquirynounUS /ˌɪnˈkwaɪriː/

a search for knowledge

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

Irrthum

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Das Wahre fördert; aus dem Irrthum entwickelt sich nichts, er verwickeltuns nur.--_ GOETHE.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This is the question of a dual doctrine.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

liesnounUS /laɪz/

plural of “lie” — a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

nichts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Das Wahre fördert; aus dem Irrthum entwickelt sich nichts, er verwickeltuns nur.--_ GOETHE.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

nur

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Das Wahre fördert; aus dem Irrthum entwickelt sich nichts, er verwickeltuns nur.--_ GOETHE.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading OF THE POSSIBLE UTILITY OF ERROR.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

openlyadverbUS /ˈoʊpənli/

in an open way

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

oughtmodal verbUS /ɔːt/

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

outsetnounUS /ˈaʊtset/

the time at which something is supposed to begin

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

overruleverbUS /ˈoʊvərruːl/

rule against

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

plaineradjectiveUS /ˈpleɪnər/

comparative of “plain” — clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

possessverbUS /pəˈzes/

have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

POSSIBLEadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading OF THE POSSIBLE UTILITY OF ERROR.

preliminaryadjectiveUS /prɪˈlɪməneri/

denoting an action or event preceding or in preparation for something more important

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

principlesnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəlz/

plural of “principle” — a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

regardnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrd/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

sich

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Das Wahre fördert; aus dem Irrthum entwickelt sich nichts, er verwickeltuns nur.--_ GOETHE.

silencenounUS /ˈsaɪ.ləns/

Complete absence of sound; a state of quietness and stillness.

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading OF THE POSSIBLE UTILITY OF ERROR.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This is the question of a dual doctrine.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

usefuladjectiveUS /ˈjuːsfəl/

being of use or service

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

UTILITYnounUS /juːˈtɪləti/

a company that performs a public service; subject to government regulation

From this reading OF THE POSSIBLE UTILITY OF ERROR.

variancenounUS /ˈveriəns/

an event that departs from expectations

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

verwickeltuns

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Das Wahre fördert; aus dem Irrthum entwickelt sich nichts, er verwickeltuns nur.--_ GOETHE.

Wahre

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Das Wahre fördert; aus dem Irrthum entwickelt sich nichts, er verwickeltuns nur.--_ GOETHE.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading At the outset of an inquiry how far existing facts ought to be allowed to overrule ideas and principles that are at variance with them, a preliminary question lies in our way, about which it may be well to say something.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading In plainer words, the question whether it is expedient that the more enlightened classes in a community should upon system not only possess their light in silence, but whether they should openly encourage a doctrine for the less enlightened classes which they do not believe to be true for themselves, while they regard it as indispensably useful in the case of less fortunate people.

Chapter 2 of On Compromise by John Morley holds 279 sentences, grouped into 56 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of On Compromise contain?

Chapter 2 holds 279 sentences of On Compromise, unabridged, divided into 56 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of On Compromise by John Morley exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 279 sentences, grouped into 56 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of On Compromise?

Work through the 56 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 56 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading On Compromise

Common questions about reading On Compromise by John Morley on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of On Compromise?

Yes. All 1902 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11557 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of On Compromise is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11557, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does On Compromise take to read?

About 158 minutes of reading across 381 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read On Compromise section by section

How to work through On Compromise section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 5 chapters of On Compromise to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in On Compromise

Words and structures a reader meets early in On Compromise, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Introductory
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On Compromise; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Design
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On Compromise; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Following
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On Compromise; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Essay
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On Compromise; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.