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On the Border with Andrew Jackson
On the Border with Andrew Jackson

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of On the Border with Andrew Jackson is here in full — 74 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/14 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.
As things stood, almost any other commander would have fallen back until arrangements could be made to feed the army; but Jackson held on grimly.
He knew that this was the time to strike; if he retreated the savages would at once conclude that it was a sign of fear on the part of the paleface, and so their ravages would have grown greater than ever.
“The contractors must do better!” declared the haggard commander of the forces of Tennessee.
“No matter what comes or goes, this force must hold its place.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

On the Border with Andrew Jackson

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of On the Border with Andrew Jackson is here in full — 74 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.
Line 2
As things stood, almost any other commander would have fallen back until arrangements could be made to feed the army; but Jackson held on grimly.
/æz θɪŋz stʊd ˈɔːlmoʊst ˈeni ˈʌðər kəˈmændər wʊd hæv ˈfɑːlən bæk ənˈtɪl ərˈeɪndʒmənts kʊd biː meɪd tuː fiːd ðə ˈɑːrmi bʌt ˈdʒæksən held ɑːn ˈɡrɪmli/
Line 3
He knew that this was the time to strike; if he retreated the savages would at once conclude that it was a sign of fear on the part of the paleface, and so their ravages would have grown greater than ever.
Line 4
“The contractors must do better!” declared the haggard commander of the forces of Tennessee.
/ðə ˈkɑːntræktərz mʌst duː ˈbetər dɪˈklerd ðə ˈhæɡərd kəˈmændər ʌv ðə ˈfɔːrsɪz ʌv ˌtenəˈsiː/
Line 5
“No matter what comes or goes, this force must hold its place.
/noʊ ˈmætər wʌt kʌmz ɔːr ɡoʊz ðɪs fɔːrs mʌst hoʊld ɪts pleɪs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

conclude verb US /kənˈkluːd/

decide by reasoning; draw or come to a conclusion

From this reading “He knew that this was the time to strike; if he retreated the savages would at once conclude that it was a sign of fear on the part of the paleface, and so their ravages would have grown greater than ever.”

contractors noun US /ˈkɑːntræktərz/

plural of “contractor” — someone (a person or firm) who contracts to build things

From this reading ““The contractors must do better!” declared the haggard commander of the forces of Tennessee.”

haggard adjective US /ˈhæɡərd/

showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

From this reading ““The contractors must do better!” declared the haggard commander of the forces of Tennessee.”

irregularly adverb US /ˌɪˈreɡjələrli/

at an uneven rate

From this reading “AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.”

ravages noun US /ˈrævɪdʒɪz/

plural of “ravage” — (usually plural) a destructive action

From this reading “He knew that this was the time to strike; if he retreated the savages would at once conclude that it was a sign of fear on the part of the paleface, and so their ravages would have grown greater than ever.”

retreated noun US /riˈtriːtəd/

people who have retreated

From this reading “He knew that this was the time to strike; if he retreated the savages would at once conclude that it was a sign of fear on the part of the paleface, and so their ravages would have grown greater than ever.”

smoothness noun US /ˈsmuːðnəs/

a texture without roughness; smooth to the touch

From this reading “AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.”

Tennessee noun US /ˌtenəˈsiː/

a state in east central United States

From this reading ““The contractors must do better!” declared the haggard commander of the forces of Tennessee.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

at once preposition + adverb

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

In this reading “He knew that this was the time to strike; if he retreated the savages would at once conclude that it was a sign of fear on the part of the paleface, and so their ravages would have grown greater than ever.”

in spite preposition + noun

In this reading “AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.”

through the forests preposition + article + noun counted as “through … forest”

In this reading “AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.”

across the mountains preposition + article + noun counted as “across … mountain”

In this reading “AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.”

on the part preposition + article + noun counted as “on … part”

In this reading “He knew that this was the time to strike; if he retreated the savages would at once conclude that it was a sign of fear on the part of the paleface, and so their ravages would have grown greater than ever.”

almost any adverb + adjective

In this reading “As things stood, almost any other commander would have fallen back until arrangements could be made to feed the army; but Jackson held on grimly.”

All words in this reading · 93

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He knew that this was the time to strike; if he retreated the savages would at once conclude that it was a sign of fear on the part of the paleface, and so their ravages would have grown greater than ever.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading As things stood, almost any other commander would have fallen back until arrangements could be made to feed the army; but Jackson held on grimly.

ANdeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading As things stood, almost any other commander would have fallen back until arrangements could be made to feed the army; but Jackson held on grimly.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading As things stood, almost any other commander would have fallen back until arrangements could be made to feed the army; but Jackson held on grimly.

arrangementsnounUS /ərˈeɪndʒmənts/

plural of “arrangement” — the thing arranged or agreed to

From this reading As things stood, almost any other commander would have fallen back until arrangements could be made to feed the army; but Jackson held on grimly.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As things stood, almost any other commander would have fallen back until arrangements could be made to feed the army; but Jackson held on grimly.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading As things stood, almost any other commander would have fallen back until arrangements could be made to feed the army; but Jackson held on grimly.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading As things stood, almost any other commander would have fallen back until arrangements could be made to feed the army; but Jackson held on grimly.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading “The contractors must do better!” declared the haggard commander of the forces of Tennessee.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading As things stood, almost any other commander would have fallen back until arrangements could be made to feed the army; but Jackson held on grimly.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.

comesnounUS /kʌmz/

plural of “come” — the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

From this reading “No matter what comes or goes, this force must hold its place.

commandernounUS /kəˈmændər/

an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading As things stood, almost any other commander would have fallen back until arrangements could be made to feed the army; but Jackson held on grimly.

concludeverbUS /kənˈkluːd/

decide by reasoning; draw or come to a conclusion

From this reading He knew that this was the time to strike; if he retreated the savages would at once conclude that it was a sign of fear on the part of the paleface, and so their ravages would have grown greater than ever.

contractorsnounUS /ˈkɑːntræktərz/

plural of “contractor” — someone (a person or firm) who contracts to build things

From this reading “The contractors must do better!” declared the haggard commander of the forces of Tennessee.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.

declaredadjectiveUS /dɪˈklerd/

made known or openly avowed

From this reading “The contractors must do better!” declared the haggard commander of the forces of Tennessee.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading He knew that this was the time to strike; if he retreated the savages would at once conclude that it was a sign of fear on the part of the paleface, and so their ravages would have grown greater than ever.

fallenadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlən/

having dropped by the force of gravity

From this reading As things stood, almost any other commander would have fallen back until arrangements could be made to feed the army; but Jackson held on grimly.

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading He knew that this was the time to strike; if he retreated the savages would at once conclude that it was a sign of fear on the part of the paleface, and so their ravages would have grown greater than ever.

feedverbUS /fiːd/

provide as food

From this reading As things stood, almost any other commander would have fallen back until arrangements could be made to feed the army; but Jackson held on grimly.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading “No matter what comes or goes, this force must hold its place.

forcesnounUS /ˈfɔːrsɪz/

plural of “force” — a powerful effect or influence

From this reading “The contractors must do better!” declared the haggard commander of the forces of Tennessee.

forestsnounUS /ˈfɔːrəsts/

plural of “forest” — the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.

FortnounUS /fɔːrt/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.

GeneraladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.

goesnounUS /ɡoʊz/

plural of “go” — a time period for working (after which you will be relieved by someone else)

From this reading “No matter what comes or goes, this force must hold its place.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading He knew that this was the time to strike; if he retreated the savages would at once conclude that it was a sign of fear on the part of the paleface, and so their ravages would have grown greater than ever.

grimlyadverbUS /ˈɡrɪmli/

in a grim implacable manner

From this reading As things stood, almost any other commander would have fallen back until arrangements could be made to feed the army; but Jackson held on grimly.

grownadjectiveUS /ɡroʊn/

(of animals) fully developed

From this reading He knew that this was the time to strike; if he retreated the savages would at once conclude that it was a sign of fear on the part of the paleface, and so their ravages would have grown greater than ever.

haggardadjectiveUS /ˈhæɡərd/

showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

From this reading “The contractors must do better!” declared the haggard commander of the forces of Tennessee.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading As things stood, almost any other commander would have fallen back until arrangements could be made to feed the army; but Jackson held on grimly.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He knew that this was the time to strike; if he retreated the savages would at once conclude that it was a sign of fear on the part of the paleface, and so their ravages would have grown greater than ever.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading As things stood, almost any other commander would have fallen back until arrangements could be made to feed the army; but Jackson held on grimly.

holdverbUS /hoʊld/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading “No matter what comes or goes, this force must hold its place.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading He knew that this was the time to strike; if he retreated the savages would at once conclude that it was a sign of fear on the part of the paleface, and so their ravages would have grown greater than ever.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.

INDIANadjectiveUS /ˈɪndiən/

of or relating to or characteristic of India or the East Indies or their peoples or languages or cultures

From this reading AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.

irregularlyadverbUS /ˌɪˈreɡjələrli/

at an uneven rate

From this reading AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He knew that this was the time to strike; if he retreated the savages would at once conclude that it was a sign of fear on the part of the paleface, and so their ravages would have grown greater than ever.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading “No matter what comes or goes, this force must hold its place.

JacksonnounUS /ˈdʒæksən/

English film actress who later became a member of British Parliament (born in 1936)

From this reading AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading He knew that this was the time to strike; if he retreated the savages would at once conclude that it was a sign of fear on the part of the paleface, and so their ravages would have grown greater than ever.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading As things stood, almost any other commander would have fallen back until arrangements could be made to feed the army; but Jackson held on grimly.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading “No matter what comes or goes, this force must hold its place.

MESSENGERnounUS /ˈmesəndʒər/

a person who carries a message

From this reading AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading “The contractors must do better!” declared the haggard commander of the forces of Tennessee.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading “No matter what comes or goes, this force must hold its place.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading As things stood, almost any other commander would have fallen back until arrangements could be made to feed the army; but Jackson held on grimly.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading He knew that this was the time to strike; if he retreated the savages would at once conclude that it was a sign of fear on the part of the paleface, and so their ravages would have grown greater than ever.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading “No matter what comes or goes, this force must hold its place.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading As things stood, almost any other commander would have fallen back until arrangements could be made to feed the army; but Jackson held on grimly.

paleface

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He knew that this was the time to strike; if he retreated the savages would at once conclude that it was a sign of fear on the part of the paleface, and so their ravages would have grown greater than ever.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading He knew that this was the time to strike; if he retreated the savages would at once conclude that it was a sign of fear on the part of the paleface, and so their ravages would have grown greater than ever.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading “No matter what comes or goes, this force must hold its place.

ravagesnounUS /ˈrævɪdʒɪz/

plural of “ravage” — (usually plural) a destructive action

From this reading He knew that this was the time to strike; if he retreated the savages would at once conclude that it was a sign of fear on the part of the paleface, and so their ravages would have grown greater than ever.

retreatednounUS /riˈtriːtəd/

people who have retreated

From this reading He knew that this was the time to strike; if he retreated the savages would at once conclude that it was a sign of fear on the part of the paleface, and so their ravages would have grown greater than ever.

savagesnounUS /ˈsævədʒəz/

plural of “savage” — a member of an uncivilized people

From this reading He knew that this was the time to strike; if he retreated the savages would at once conclude that it was a sign of fear on the part of the paleface, and so their ravages would have grown greater than ever.

signnounUS /saɪn/

a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading He knew that this was the time to strike; if he retreated the savages would at once conclude that it was a sign of fear on the part of the paleface, and so their ravages would have grown greater than ever.

smoothnessnounUS /ˈsmuːðnəs/

a texture without roughness; smooth to the touch

From this reading AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He knew that this was the time to strike; if he retreated the savages would at once conclude that it was a sign of fear on the part of the paleface, and so their ravages would have grown greater than ever.

spitenounUS /spaɪt/

feeling a need to see others suffer

From this reading AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading As things stood, almost any other commander would have fallen back until arrangements could be made to feed the army; but Jackson held on grimly.

strikeverbUS /straɪk/

deliver a sharp blow, as with the hand, fist, or weapon

From this reading He knew that this was the time to strike; if he retreated the savages would at once conclude that it was a sign of fear on the part of the paleface, and so their ravages would have grown greater than ever.

Strother

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.

suppliesnounUS /səˈplaɪz/

plural of “supply” — an amount of something available for use

From this reading AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.

TennesseenounUS /ˌtenəˈsiː/

a state in east central United States

From this reading “The contractors must do better!” declared the haggard commander of the forces of Tennessee.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading He knew that this was the time to strike; if he retreated the savages would at once conclude that it was a sign of fear on the part of the paleface, and so their ravages would have grown greater than ever.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading He knew that this was the time to strike; if he retreated the savages would at once conclude that it was a sign of fear on the part of the paleface, and so their ravages would have grown greater than ever.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading He knew that this was the time to strike; if he retreated the savages would at once conclude that it was a sign of fear on the part of the paleface, and so their ravages would have grown greater than ever.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading He knew that this was the time to strike; if he retreated the savages would at once conclude that it was a sign of fear on the part of the paleface, and so their ravages would have grown greater than ever.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading As things stood, almost any other commander would have fallen back until arrangements could be made to feed the army; but Jackson held on grimly.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading As things stood, almost any other commander would have fallen back until arrangements could be made to feed the army; but Jackson held on grimly.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He knew that this was the time to strike; if he retreated the savages would at once conclude that it was a sign of fear on the part of the paleface, and so their ravages would have grown greater than ever.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading “No matter what comes or goes, this force must hold its place.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading AN INDIAN MESSENGER At Fort Strother things were going with little smoothness; in spite of all that General Jackson could do, supplies came very irregularly through the forests and across the mountains.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading As things stood, almost any other commander would have fallen back until arrangements could be made to feed the army; but Jackson held on grimly.

Chapter 10 of On the Border with Andrew Jackson by John T. (John Thomas) McIntyre holds 74 sentences, grouped into 15 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of On the Border with Andrew Jackson contain?

Chapter 10 holds 74 sentences of On the Border with Andrew Jackson, unabridged, divided into 15 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of On the Border with Andrew Jackson by John T. (John Thomas) McIntyre exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 74 sentences, grouped into 15 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of On the Border with Andrew Jackson?

Work through the 15 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Is this the complete text of On the Border with Andrew Jackson?

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Vocabulary met early in On the Border with Andrew Jackson

Words and structures a reader meets early in On the Border with Andrew Jackson, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of On the Border with Andrew Jackson, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of On the Border with Andrew Jackson, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of On the Border with Andrew Jackson, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.