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On the Duty of Civil Disobedience
On the Duty of Civil Disobedience

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of On the Duty of Civil Disobedience is here in full — 172 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.
Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which also I believe—“That government is best which governs not at all;” and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have.
Government is at best but an expedient; but most governments are usually, and all governments are sometimes, inexpedient.
The objections which have been brought against a standing army, and they are many and weighty, and deserve to prevail, may also at last be brought against a standing government.
The standing army is only an arm of the standing government.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

On the Duty of Civil Disobedience

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of On the Duty of Civil Disobedience is here in full — 172 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/34 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.
Line 2
Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which also I believe—“That government is best which governs not at all;” and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have.
Line 3
Government is at best but an expedient; but most governments are usually, and all governments are sometimes, inexpedient.
Line 4
The objections which have been brought against a standing army, and they are many and weighty, and deserve to prevail, may also at last be brought against a standing government.
/ðə əbˈdʒekʃənz wɪtʃ hæv bɪn brɔːt əˈɡenst ə ˈstændɪŋ ˈɑːrmi ənd ðeɪ ɑːr ˈmeni ənd ˈweɪti ənd dɪˈzɜːrv tuː prɪˈveɪl meɪ ˈɔːlsoʊ æt læst biː brɔːt əˈɡenst ə ˈstændɪŋ ˈɡʌvərmənt/
Line 5
The standing army is only an arm of the standing government.
/ðə ˈstændɪŋ ˈɑːrmi ɪz ˈoʊnli æn ɑːrm ʌv ðə ˈstændɪŋ ˈɡʌvərmənt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

amounts noun US /əˈmaʊnts/

plural of “amount” — a quantity of money

From this reading “Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which also I believe—“That government is best which governs not at all;” and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have.”

Disobedience noun US /ˌdɪsəˈbiːdiəns/

the failure to obey

From this reading “On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.”

expedient adjective US /ɪkˈspiːdiənt/

serving to promote your interest

From this reading “Government is at best but an expedient; but most governments are usually, and all governments are sometimes, inexpedient.”

governments noun US /ˈɡʌvərmənts/

plural of “government” — the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading “Government is at best but an expedient; but most governments are usually, and all governments are sometimes, inexpedient.”

governs verb US /ˈɡʌvərnz/

third-person singular of “govern” — bring into conformity with rules or principles or usage; impose regulations

From this reading “On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.”

motto noun US /ˈmɑːtoʊ/

a favorite saying of a sect or political group

From this reading “On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.”

systematically adverb US /ˌsɪstəˈmætɪkli/

in a systematic or consistent manner

From this reading “On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.”

weighty adjective US /ˈweɪti/

having relatively great weight; heavy

From this reading “The objections which have been brought against a standing army, and they are many and weighty, and deserve to prevail, may also at last be brought against a standing government.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1849

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The objections which have been brought against a standing army, and they are many and weighty, and deserve to prevail, may also at last be brought against a standing government.

acceptverbUS /ækˈsept/

consider or hold as true

From this reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.

actedverbUS /ˈæktɪd/

past form of “act” — perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading The objections which have been brought against a standing army, and they are many and weighty, and deserve to prevail, may also at last be brought against a standing government.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which also I believe—“That government is best which governs not at all;” and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which also I believe—“That government is best which governs not at all;” and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have.

amountsnounUS /əˈmaʊnts/

plural of “amount” — a quantity of money

From this reading Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which also I believe—“That government is best which governs not at all;” and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Government is at best but an expedient; but most governments are usually, and all governments are sometimes, inexpedient.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which also I believe—“That government is best which governs not at all;” and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have.

armnounUS /ɑːrm/

a human limb; technically the part of the superior limb between the shoulder and the elbow but commonly used to refer to the whole superior limb

From this reading The standing army is only an arm of the standing government.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading The objections which have been brought against a standing army, and they are many and weighty, and deserve to prevail, may also at last be brought against a standing government.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which also I believe—“That government is best which governs not at all;” and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which also I believe—“That government is best which governs not at all;” and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The objections which have been brought against a standing army, and they are many and weighty, and deserve to prevail, may also at last be brought against a standing government.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which also I believe—“That government is best which governs not at all;” and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading The objections which have been brought against a standing army, and they are many and weighty, and deserve to prevail, may also at last be brought against a standing government.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Government is at best but an expedient; but most governments are usually, and all governments are sometimes, inexpedient.

CarriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which also I believe—“That government is best which governs not at all;” and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have.

CiviladjectiveUS /ˈsɪvəl/

applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military

From this reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.

deserveverbUS /dɪˈzɜːrv/

be worthy or deserving

From this reading The objections which have been brought against a standing army, and they are many and weighty, and deserve to prevail, may also at last be brought against a standing government.

DisobediencenounUS /ˌdɪsəˈbiːdiəns/

the failure to obey

From this reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.

DutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.

expedientadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspiːdiənt/

serving to promote your interest

From this reading Government is at best but an expedient; but most governments are usually, and all governments are sometimes, inexpedient.

finallyadverbUS /ˈfaɪnəli/

after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay

From this reading Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which also I believe—“That government is best which governs not at all;” and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which also I believe—“That government is best which governs not at all;” and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have.

GovernmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.

governmentsnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənts/

plural of “government” — the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading Government is at best but an expedient; but most governments are usually, and all governments are sometimes, inexpedient.

governsverbUS /ˈɡʌvərnz/

third-person singular of “govern” — bring into conformity with rules or principles or usage; impose regulations

From this reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which also I believe—“That government is best which governs not at all;” and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have.

heartilyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrtəli/

with gusto and without reservation

From this reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.

inexpedientadjective

not suitable or advisable

From this reading Government is at best but an expedient; but most governments are usually, and all governments are sometimes, inexpedient.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which also I believe—“That government is best which governs not at all;” and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The objections which have been brought against a standing army, and they are many and weighty, and deserve to prevail, may also at last be brought against a standing government.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The objections which have been brought against a standing army, and they are many and weighty, and deserve to prevail, may also at last be brought against a standing government.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The objections which have been brought against a standing army, and they are many and weighty, and deserve to prevail, may also at last be brought against a standing government.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which also I believe—“That government is best which governs not at all;” and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Government is at best but an expedient; but most governments are usually, and all governments are sometimes, inexpedient.

mottonounUS /ˈmɑːtoʊ/

a favorite saying of a sect or political group

From this reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which also I believe—“That government is best which governs not at all;” and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have.

objectionsnounUS /əbˈdʒekʃənz/

plural of “objection” — the act of expressing earnest opposition or protest

From this reading The objections which have been brought against a standing army, and they are many and weighty, and deserve to prevail, may also at last be brought against a standing government.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The standing army is only an arm of the standing government.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which also I believe—“That government is best which governs not at all;” and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have.

preparedadjectiveUS /priˈperd/

made ready or fit or suitable beforehand

From this reading Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which also I believe—“That government is best which governs not at all;” and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have.

prevailverbUS /prɪˈveɪl/

be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance

From this reading The objections which have been brought against a standing army, and they are many and weighty, and deserve to prevail, may also at last be brought against a standing government.

rapidlyadverbUS /ˈræpədli/

with speed

From this reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.

ResistancenounUS /rɪˈzɪstəns/

the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with

From this reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading Government is at best but an expedient; but most governments are usually, and all governments are sometimes, inexpedient.

standingadjectiveUS /ˈstændɪŋ/

having a supporting base

From this reading The objections which have been brought against a standing army, and they are many and weighty, and deserve to prevail, may also at last be brought against a standing government.

systematicallyadverbUS /ˌsɪstəˈmætɪkli/

in a systematic or consistent manner

From this reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which also I believe—“That government is best which governs not at all;” and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which also I believe—“That government is best which governs not at all;” and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have.

titlenounUS /ˈtaɪtəl/

a heading that names a statute or legislative bill; may give a brief summary of the matters it deals with

From this reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.

usuallyadverbUS /ˈjuːʒəwəli/

under normal conditions

From this reading Government is at best but an expedient; but most governments are usually, and all governments are sometimes, inexpedient.

weightyadjectiveUS /ˈweɪti/

having relatively great weight; heavy

From this reading The objections which have been brought against a standing army, and they are many and weighty, and deserve to prevail, may also at last be brought against a standing government.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which also I believe—“That government is best which governs not at all;” and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Government I heartily accept the motto,—“That government is best which governs least;” and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which also I believe—“That government is best which governs not at all;” and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have.

Chapter 1 of On the Duty of Civil Disobedience by Henry David Thoreau holds 172 sentences, grouped into 35 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of On the Duty of Civil Disobedience contain?

Chapter 1 holds 172 sentences of On the Duty of Civil Disobedience, unabridged, divided into 35 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of On the Duty of Civil Disobedience by Henry David Thoreau exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 172 sentences, grouped into 35 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of On the Duty of Civil Disobedience?

Work through the 35 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 35 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience

Common questions about reading On the Duty of Civil Disobedience by Henry David Thoreau on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of On the Duty of Civil Disobedience?

Yes. All 341 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #71 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of On the Duty of Civil Disobedience is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #71, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does On the Duty of Civil Disobedience take to read?

About 28 minutes of reading across 69 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read On the Duty of Civil Disobedience section by section

How to work through On the Duty of Civil Disobedience section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 2 chapters of On the Duty of Civil Disobedience to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in On the Duty of Civil Disobedience

Words and structures a reader meets early in On the Duty of Civil Disobedience, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Civil
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On the Duty of Civil Disobedience; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Disobedience
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On the Duty of Civil Disobedience; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Original
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On the Duty of Civil Disobedience; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Title
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On the Duty of Civil Disobedience; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.