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On the eve: A novel
On the eve: A novel

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of On the eve: A novel is here in full — 428 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for On the eve: A novel
Context Illustration Reading 1/85 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.
To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.
Elena, the Russian girl, is the central figure of the novel.
In comparing her with Turgenev’s other women, the reader will remark that he is allowed to come into closer spiritual contact with her than even with Lisa.
The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

On the eve: A novel

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of On the eve: A novel is here in full — 428 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/85 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.
Line 2
To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.
/tuː ðə ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ˈriːdər ɑːn ðə iːv ɪz ə ˈtʃɑːrmɪŋli drɔːn ˈpɪktʃər ʌv ə ˈkwaɪət ˈrʌʃən ˈhaʊshoʊld wɪð ə ˈdeləkət əˈnæləsəs ʌv ə jʌŋ ɡɜːrlz soʊl bʌt tuː ˈrʌʃənz ɪt ɪz ˈɔːlsoʊ ə diːp ənd ˈpenətreɪtɪŋ ˌdaɪəɡˈnoʊsəs ʌv ðə ˈdestəniz ʌv ðə ˈrʌʃə ʌv ðə ˈfɪftiz/
Line 3
Elena, the Russian girl, is the central figure of the novel.
Line 4
In comparing her with Turgenev’s other women, the reader will remark that he is allowed to come into closer spiritual contact with her than even with Lisa.
Line 5
The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

analysis noun US /əˈnæləsəs/

an investigation of the component parts of a whole and their relations in making up the whole

From this reading “To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.”

charmingly adverb US /ˈtʃɑːrmɪŋli/

in a charming manner

From this reading “To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.”

comparing noun US /kəmˈperɪŋ/

the act of examining resemblances

From this reading “In comparing her with Turgenev’s other women, the reader will remark that he is allowed to come into closer spiritual contact with her than even with Lisa.”

destinies noun US /ˈdestəniz/

plural of “destiny” — an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading “To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.”

diagnosis noun US /ˌdaɪəɡˈnoʊsəs/

identifying the nature or cause of some phenomenon

From this reading “To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.”

fifties noun US /ˈfɪftiz/

the decade from 1950 to 1959

From this reading “To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.”

innermost adjective US /ˈɪnərmoʊst/

being deepest within the self

From this reading “The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.”

technique noun US /tekˈniːk/

a practical method or art applied to some particular task

From this reading “Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.”

All words in this reading · 119

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1859

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.

allowedverbUS /əˈlaʊd/

past form of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading In comparing her with Turgenev’s other women, the reader will remark that he is allowed to come into closer spiritual contact with her than even with Lisa.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

analysisnounUS /əˈnæləsəs/

an investigation of the component parts of a whole and their relations in making up the whole

From this reading To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

centraladjectiveUS /ˈsentrəl/

serving as an essential component

From this reading Elena, the Russian girl, is the central figure of the novel.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.

charminglyadverbUS /ˈtʃɑːrmɪŋli/

in a charming manner

From this reading To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.

closeradverbUS /ˈkloʊsər/

(comparative of “near” or “close”) within a shorter distance

From this reading In comparing her with Turgenev’s other women, the reader will remark that he is allowed to come into closer spiritual contact with her than even with Lisa.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading In comparing her with Turgenev’s other women, the reader will remark that he is allowed to come into closer spiritual contact with her than even with Lisa.

comparingnounUS /kəmˈperɪŋ/

the act of examining resemblances

From this reading In comparing her with Turgenev’s other women, the reader will remark that he is allowed to come into closer spiritual contact with her than even with Lisa.

ConstancenounUS /ˈkɑːnstəns/

a lake in southeastern Germany on the northern side of the Swiss Alps; forms part of the Rhine River

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

contactnounUS /ˈkɑːntækt/

close interaction

From this reading In comparing her with Turgenev’s other women, the reader will remark that he is allowed to come into closer spiritual contact with her than even with Lisa.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.

delicateadjectiveUS /ˈdeləkət/

exquisitely fine and subtle and pleasing; susceptible to injury

From this reading To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.

depthsnounUS /depθs/

(plural) the deepest and most remote part

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

destiniesnounUS /ˈdestəniz/

plural of “destiny” — an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.

diagnosisnounUS /ˌdaɪəɡˈnoʊsəs/

identifying the nature or cause of some phenomenon

From this reading To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.

drawnadjectiveUS /drɔːn/

showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

From this reading To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.

EdwardnounUS /ˈedwərd/

King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

Elena

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Elena, the Russian girl, is the central figure of the novel.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.

EvenounUS /iːv/

(Old Testament) Adam's wife in Judeo-Christian mythology: the first woman and mother of the human race; God created Eve from Adam's rib and placed Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden

From this reading To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading In comparing her with Turgenev’s other women, the reader will remark that he is allowed to come into closer spiritual contact with her than even with Lisa.

exquisiteadjectiveUS /ˈekskwəzət/

intense or sharp

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

fictionnounUS /ˈfɪkʃən/

a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact

From this reading The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.

fiftiesnounUS /ˈfɪftiz/

the decade from 1950 to 1959

From this reading To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.

figurenounUS /ˈfɪɡjər/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading Elena, the Russian girl, is the central figure of the novel.

figuresnounUS /ˈfɪɡjərz/

plural of “figure” — a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

Garnett

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.

girlnounUS /ɡɜːrl/

a young female

From this reading Elena, the Russian girl, is the central figure of the novel.

girl'snounUS /ɡɜːrlz/

possessive form of “girl” — a young female

From this reading To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

harmonynounUS /ˈhɑːrməni/

compatibility in opinion and action

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In comparing her with Turgenev’s other women, the reader will remark that he is allowed to come into closer spiritual contact with her than even with Lisa.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading In comparing her with Turgenev’s other women, the reader will remark that he is allowed to come into closer spiritual contact with her than even with Lisa.

holdsnounUS /hoʊldz/

plural of “hold” — the act of grasping

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

householdnounUS /ˈhaʊshoʊld/

a social unit living together

From this reading To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.

imaginationnounUS /ˌɪmædʒəˈneɪʃən/

the formation of a mental image of something that is not perceived as real and is not present to the senses

From this reading The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

innermostadjectiveUS /ˈɪnərmoʊst/

being deepest within the self

From this reading The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading In comparing her with Turgenev’s other women, the reader will remark that he is allowed to come into closer spiritual contact with her than even with Lisa.

introductionnounUS /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of beginning something new

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.

lieverbUS /laɪ/

be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

Lisa

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In comparing her with Turgenev’s other women, the reader will remark that he is allowed to come into closer spiritual contact with her than even with Lisa.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

meaningnounUS /ˈmiːnɪŋ/

the message that is intended or expressed or signified

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.

novelnounUS /ˈnɑːvəl/

an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

obscureverbUS /əbsˈkjʊr/

make less visible or unclear

From this reading The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading In comparing her with Turgenev’s other women, the reader will remark that he is allowed to come into closer spiritual contact with her than even with Lisa.

penetratingadjectiveUS /ˈpenətreɪtɪŋ/

having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions

From this reading To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.

picturenounUS /ˈpɪktʃər/

a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.

playverbUS /pleɪ/

participate in games or sport

From this reading The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.

portraitsnounUS /ˈpɔːrtrəts/

plural of “portrait” — a word picture of a person's appearance and character

From this reading The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.

publishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌblɪʃt/

prepared and printed for distribution and sale

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

quietadjectiveUS /ˈkwaɪət/

characterized by an absence or near absence of agitation or activity

From this reading To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.

remarknounUS /rɪˈmɑːrk/

a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information

From this reading In comparing her with Turgenev’s other women, the reader will remark that he is allowed to come into closer spiritual contact with her than even with Lisa.

RussianounUS /ˈrʌʃə/

a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia and others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991

From this reading To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.

RussiannounUS /ˈrʌʃən/

a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

RussiansnounUS /ˈrʌʃənz/

plural of “russian” — a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.

secretnounUS /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.

secretsnounUS /ˈsiːkrəts/

plural of “secret” — something that should remain hidden from others (especially information that is not to be passed on)

From this reading The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

simplicitynounUS /sɪmˈplɪsəti/

the quality of being simple or uncompounded

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

soulnounUS /soʊl/

the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.

spiritualadjectiveUS /ˈspɪrɪtʃuːəl/

concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church

From this reading In comparing her with Turgenev’s other women, the reader will remark that he is allowed to come into closer spiritual contact with her than even with Lisa.

springsnounUS /sprɪŋz/

plural of “spring” — the season of growth

From this reading The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.

standsnounUS /stændz/

plural of “stand” — a support or foundation

From this reading The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.

successfuladjectiveUS /səkˈsesfəl/

having succeeded or being marked by a favorable outcome

From this reading The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.

techniquenounUS /tekˈniːk/

a practical method or art applied to some particular task

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading In comparing her with Turgenev’s other women, the reader will remark that he is allowed to come into closer spiritual contact with her than even with Lisa.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In comparing her with Turgenev’s other women, the reader will remark that he is allowed to come into closer spiritual contact with her than even with Lisa.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.

TranslatedverbUS /trænzˈleɪtɪd/

past form of “translate” — restate (words) from one language into another language

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

Turgenev's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In comparing her with Turgenev’s other women, the reader will remark that he is allowed to come into closer spiritual contact with her than even with Lisa.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.

veiledadjectiveUS /veɪld/

having or as if having a veil or concealing cover

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The successful portraits of women drawn by men in fiction are generally figures for the imagination to play on; however much that is told to one about them, the secret springs of their character are left a little obscure, but when Elena stands before us we know all the innermost secrets of her character.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading In comparing her with Turgenev’s other women, the reader will remark that he is allowed to come into closer spiritual contact with her than even with Lisa.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading In comparing her with Turgenev’s other women, the reader will remark that he is allowed to come into closer spiritual contact with her than even with Lisa.

worksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading Translated from the Russian By Constance Garnett [With an introduction by Edward Garnett] This exquisite novel, first published in 1859, like so many great works of art, holds depths of meaning which at first sight lie veiled under the simplicity and harmony of the technique.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading To the English reader _On the Eve_ is a charmingly drawn picture of a quiet Russian household, with a delicate analysis of a young girl’s soul; but to Russians it is also a deep and penetrating diagnosis of the destinies of the Russia of the fifties.

Chapter 1 of On the eve: A novel by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev holds 428 sentences, grouped into 86 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of On the eve: A novel contain?

Chapter 1 holds 428 sentences of On the eve: A novel, unabridged, divided into 86 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of On the eve: A novel by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 428 sentences, grouped into 86 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of On the eve: A novel?

Work through the 86 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 86 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading On the eve: A novel

Common questions about reading On the eve: A novel by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of On the eve: A novel?

Yes. All 3807 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6902 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of On the eve: A novel is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6902, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does On the eve: A novel take to read?

About 317 minutes of reading across 762 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read On the eve: A novel section by section

How to work through On the eve: A novel section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 9 chapters of On the eve: A novel to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in On the eve: A novel

Words and structures a reader meets early in On the eve: A novel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Translated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On the eve: A novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Russian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On the eve: A novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Constance
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On the eve: A novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Garnett
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On the eve: A novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.