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On the Frontier
On the Frontier

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of On the Frontier is here in full — 199 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/39 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The 10th of August, 1852, brought little change to the dull monotony of wind, fog, and treeless coast line.
Only the sea was occasionally flecked with racing sails that outstripped the old, slow-creeping trader, or was at times streaked and blurred with the trailing smoke of a steamer.
There were a few strange footprints on those virgin sands, and a fresh track, that led from the beach over the rounded hills, dropped into the bosky recesses of a hidden valley beyond the coast range.
It was here that the refectory windows of the Mission of San Carmel had for years looked upon the reverse of that monotonous picture presented to the sea.
It was here that the trade winds, shorn of their fury and strength in the heated, oven-like air that rose from the valley, lost their weary way in the tangled recesses of the wooded slopes, and breathed their last at the foot of the stone cross before the Mission.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

On the Frontier

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of On the Frontier is here in full — 199 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/39 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The 10th of August, 1852, brought little change to the dull monotony of wind, fog, and treeless coast line.
Line 2
Only the sea was occasionally flecked with racing sails that outstripped the old, slow-creeping trader, or was at times streaked and blurred with the trailing smoke of a steamer.
Line 3
There were a few strange footprints on those virgin sands, and a fresh track, that led from the beach over the rounded hills, dropped into the bosky recesses of a hidden valley beyond the coast range.
Line 4
It was here that the refectory windows of the Mission of San Carmel had for years looked upon the reverse of that monotonous picture presented to the sea.
Line 5
It was here that the trade winds, shorn of their fury and strength in the heated, oven-like air that rose from the valley, lost their weary way in the tangled recesses of the wooded slopes, and breathed their last at the foot of the stone cross before the Mission.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

blurred adjective US /blɜːrd/

indistinct or hazy in outline

From this reading “Only the sea was occasionally flecked with racing sails that outstripped the old, slow-creeping trader, or was at times streaked and blurred with the trailing smoke of a steamer.”

footprints noun US /ˈfʊtprɪnts/

plural of “footprint” — a mark of a foot or shoe on a surface

From this reading “There were a few strange footprints on those virgin sands, and a fresh track, that led from the beach over the rounded hills, dropped into the bosky recesses of a hidden valley beyond the coast range.”

outstripped verb US /aʊtˈstrɪpt/

inflected form of “outstrip” — be or do something to a greater degree

From this reading “Only the sea was occasionally flecked with racing sails that outstripped the old, slow-creeping trader, or was at times streaked and blurred with the trailing smoke of a steamer.”

recesses noun US /ˈriːsesəz/

plural of “recess” — a state of abeyance or suspended business

From this reading “There were a few strange footprints on those virgin sands, and a fresh track, that led from the beach over the rounded hills, dropped into the bosky recesses of a hidden valley beyond the coast range.”

shorn adjective US /ʃɔːrn/

having the hair or wool cut or clipped off as if with shears or clippers

From this reading “It was here that the trade winds, shorn of their fury and strength in the heated, oven-like air that rose from the valley, lost their weary way in the tangled recesses of the wooded slopes, and breathed their last at the foot of the stone cross before the Mission.”

streaked adjective US /striːkt/

marked with or as if with stripes or linear discolorations

From this reading “Only the sea was occasionally flecked with racing sails that outstripped the old, slow-creeping trader, or was at times streaked and blurred with the trailing smoke of a steamer.”

trader noun US /ˈtreɪdər/

someone who purchases and maintains an inventory of goods to be sold

From this reading “Only the sea was occasionally flecked with racing sails that outstripped the old, slow-creeping trader, or was at times streaked and blurred with the trailing smoke of a steamer.”

treeless adjective US /ˈtriːləs/

not wooded

From this reading “The 10th of August, 1852, brought little change to the dull monotony of wind, fog, and treeless coast line.”

All words in this reading · 103

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

10th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The 10th of August, 1852, brought little change to the dull monotony of wind, fog, and treeless coast line.

1852

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The 10th of August, 1852, brought little change to the dull monotony of wind, fog, and treeless coast line.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Only the sea was occasionally flecked with racing sails that outstripped the old, slow-creeping trader, or was at times streaked and blurred with the trailing smoke of a steamer.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading It was here that the trade winds, shorn of their fury and strength in the heated, oven-like air that rose from the valley, lost their weary way in the tangled recesses of the wooded slopes, and breathed their last at the foot of the stone cross before the Mission.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The 10th of August, 1852, brought little change to the dull monotony of wind, fog, and treeless coast line.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Only the sea was occasionally flecked with racing sails that outstripped the old, slow-creeping trader, or was at times streaked and blurred with the trailing smoke of a steamer.

AugustnounUS /ˈɑːɡəst/

the month following July and preceding September

From this reading The 10th of August, 1852, brought little change to the dull monotony of wind, fog, and treeless coast line.

beachnounUS /biːtʃ/

an area of sand sloping down to the water of a sea or lake

From this reading There were a few strange footprints on those virgin sands, and a fresh track, that led from the beach over the rounded hills, dropped into the bosky recesses of a hidden valley beyond the coast range.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading It was here that the trade winds, shorn of their fury and strength in the heated, oven-like air that rose from the valley, lost their weary way in the tangled recesses of the wooded slopes, and breathed their last at the foot of the stone cross before the Mission.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading There were a few strange footprints on those virgin sands, and a fresh track, that led from the beach over the rounded hills, dropped into the bosky recesses of a hidden valley beyond the coast range.

blurredadjectiveUS /blɜːrd/

indistinct or hazy in outline

From this reading Only the sea was occasionally flecked with racing sails that outstripped the old, slow-creeping trader, or was at times streaked and blurred with the trailing smoke of a steamer.

boskyadjective

covered with or consisting of bushes or thickets

From this reading There were a few strange footprints on those virgin sands, and a fresh track, that led from the beach over the rounded hills, dropped into the bosky recesses of a hidden valley beyond the coast range.

breathedadjectiveUS /briːðd/

uttered without voice

From this reading It was here that the trade winds, shorn of their fury and strength in the heated, oven-like air that rose from the valley, lost their weary way in the tangled recesses of the wooded slopes, and breathed their last at the foot of the stone cross before the Mission.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading The 10th of August, 1852, brought little change to the dull monotony of wind, fog, and treeless coast line.

Carmel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was here that the refectory windows of the Mission of San Carmel had for years looked upon the reverse of that monotonous picture presented to the sea.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading The 10th of August, 1852, brought little change to the dull monotony of wind, fog, and treeless coast line.

coastnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading The 10th of August, 1852, brought little change to the dull monotony of wind, fog, and treeless coast line.

crossverbUS /krɔːs/

travel across or pass over

From this reading It was here that the trade winds, shorn of their fury and strength in the heated, oven-like air that rose from the valley, lost their weary way in the tangled recesses of the wooded slopes, and breathed their last at the foot of the stone cross before the Mission.

droppedverbUS /drɑːpt/

inflected form of “drop” — let fall to the ground

From this reading There were a few strange footprints on those virgin sands, and a fresh track, that led from the beach over the rounded hills, dropped into the bosky recesses of a hidden valley beyond the coast range.

dulladjectiveUS /dʌl/

lacking in liveliness or animation

From this reading The 10th of August, 1852, brought little change to the dull monotony of wind, fog, and treeless coast line.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading There were a few strange footprints on those virgin sands, and a fresh track, that led from the beach over the rounded hills, dropped into the bosky recesses of a hidden valley beyond the coast range.

fleckedadjective

having a pattern of dots

From this reading Only the sea was occasionally flecked with racing sails that outstripped the old, slow-creeping trader, or was at times streaked and blurred with the trailing smoke of a steamer.

fognounUS /fɑːɡ/

droplets of water vapor suspended in the air near the ground

From this reading The 10th of August, 1852, brought little change to the dull monotony of wind, fog, and treeless coast line.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading It was here that the trade winds, shorn of their fury and strength in the heated, oven-like air that rose from the valley, lost their weary way in the tangled recesses of the wooded slopes, and breathed their last at the foot of the stone cross before the Mission.

footprintsnounUS /ˈfʊtprɪnts/

plural of “footprint” — a mark of a foot or shoe on a surface

From this reading There were a few strange footprints on those virgin sands, and a fresh track, that led from the beach over the rounded hills, dropped into the bosky recesses of a hidden valley beyond the coast range.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was here that the refectory windows of the Mission of San Carmel had for years looked upon the reverse of that monotonous picture presented to the sea.

freshadjectiveUS /freʃ/

recently made, produced, or harvested

From this reading There were a few strange footprints on those virgin sands, and a fresh track, that led from the beach over the rounded hills, dropped into the bosky recesses of a hidden valley beyond the coast range.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading There were a few strange footprints on those virgin sands, and a fresh track, that led from the beach over the rounded hills, dropped into the bosky recesses of a hidden valley beyond the coast range.

furynounUS /ˈfjʊri/

a feeling of intense anger

From this reading It was here that the trade winds, shorn of their fury and strength in the heated, oven-like air that rose from the valley, lost their weary way in the tangled recesses of the wooded slopes, and breathed their last at the foot of the stone cross before the Mission.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It was here that the refectory windows of the Mission of San Carmel had for years looked upon the reverse of that monotonous picture presented to the sea.

heatedadjectiveUS /ˈhiːtəd/

made warm or hot (“het” is a dialectal variant of “heated”)

From this reading It was here that the trade winds, shorn of their fury and strength in the heated, oven-like air that rose from the valley, lost their weary way in the tangled recesses of the wooded slopes, and breathed their last at the foot of the stone cross before the Mission.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading It was here that the refectory windows of the Mission of San Carmel had for years looked upon the reverse of that monotonous picture presented to the sea.

hiddenadjectiveUS /ˈhɪdən/

not accessible to view

From this reading There were a few strange footprints on those virgin sands, and a fresh track, that led from the beach over the rounded hills, dropped into the bosky recesses of a hidden valley beyond the coast range.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading There were a few strange footprints on those virgin sands, and a fresh track, that led from the beach over the rounded hills, dropped into the bosky recesses of a hidden valley beyond the coast range.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was here that the trade winds, shorn of their fury and strength in the heated, oven-like air that rose from the valley, lost their weary way in the tangled recesses of the wooded slopes, and breathed their last at the foot of the stone cross before the Mission.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading There were a few strange footprints on those virgin sands, and a fresh track, that led from the beach over the rounded hills, dropped into the bosky recesses of a hidden valley beyond the coast range.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was here that the refectory windows of the Mission of San Carmel had for years looked upon the reverse of that monotonous picture presented to the sea.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading It was here that the trade winds, shorn of their fury and strength in the heated, oven-like air that rose from the valley, lost their weary way in the tangled recesses of the wooded slopes, and breathed their last at the foot of the stone cross before the Mission.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading There were a few strange footprints on those virgin sands, and a fresh track, that led from the beach over the rounded hills, dropped into the bosky recesses of a hidden valley beyond the coast range.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading The 10th of August, 1852, brought little change to the dull monotony of wind, fog, and treeless coast line.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The 10th of August, 1852, brought little change to the dull monotony of wind, fog, and treeless coast line.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading It was here that the refectory windows of the Mission of San Carmel had for years looked upon the reverse of that monotonous picture presented to the sea.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading It was here that the trade winds, shorn of their fury and strength in the heated, oven-like air that rose from the valley, lost their weary way in the tangled recesses of the wooded slopes, and breathed their last at the foot of the stone cross before the Mission.

MissionnounUS /ˈmɪʃən/

an organization of missionaries in a foreign land sent to carry on religious work

From this reading It was here that the refectory windows of the Mission of San Carmel had for years looked upon the reverse of that monotonous picture presented to the sea.

monotonousadjectiveUS /məˈnɑːtənəs/

tediously repetitious or lacking in variety

From this reading It was here that the refectory windows of the Mission of San Carmel had for years looked upon the reverse of that monotonous picture presented to the sea.

monotonynounUS /məˈnɑːtəni/

the quality of wearisome constancy, routine, and lack of variety

From this reading The 10th of August, 1852, brought little change to the dull monotony of wind, fog, and treeless coast line.

occasionallyadverbUS /əˈkeɪʒənəli/

sporadically and infrequently

From this reading Only the sea was occasionally flecked with racing sails that outstripped the old, slow-creeping trader, or was at times streaked and blurred with the trailing smoke of a steamer.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The 10th of August, 1852, brought little change to the dull monotony of wind, fog, and treeless coast line.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Only the sea was occasionally flecked with racing sails that outstripped the old, slow-creeping trader, or was at times streaked and blurred with the trailing smoke of a steamer.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading There were a few strange footprints on those virgin sands, and a fresh track, that led from the beach over the rounded hills, dropped into the bosky recesses of a hidden valley beyond the coast range.

OnlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Only the sea was occasionally flecked with racing sails that outstripped the old, slow-creeping trader, or was at times streaked and blurred with the trailing smoke of a steamer.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Only the sea was occasionally flecked with racing sails that outstripped the old, slow-creeping trader, or was at times streaked and blurred with the trailing smoke of a steamer.

outstrippedverbUS /aʊtˈstrɪpt/

inflected form of “outstrip” — be or do something to a greater degree

From this reading Only the sea was occasionally flecked with racing sails that outstripped the old, slow-creeping trader, or was at times streaked and blurred with the trailing smoke of a steamer.

oven-like

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was here that the trade winds, shorn of their fury and strength in the heated, oven-like air that rose from the valley, lost their weary way in the tangled recesses of the wooded slopes, and breathed their last at the foot of the stone cross before the Mission.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading There were a few strange footprints on those virgin sands, and a fresh track, that led from the beach over the rounded hills, dropped into the bosky recesses of a hidden valley beyond the coast range.

picturenounUS /ˈpɪktʃər/

a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading It was here that the refectory windows of the Mission of San Carmel had for years looked upon the reverse of that monotonous picture presented to the sea.

presentedverbUS /priˈzentɪd/

past form of “present” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading It was here that the refectory windows of the Mission of San Carmel had for years looked upon the reverse of that monotonous picture presented to the sea.

racingnounUS /ˈreɪsɪŋ/

the sport of engaging in contests of speed

From this reading Only the sea was occasionally flecked with racing sails that outstripped the old, slow-creeping trader, or was at times streaked and blurred with the trailing smoke of a steamer.

rangenounUS /reɪndʒ/

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading There were a few strange footprints on those virgin sands, and a fresh track, that led from the beach over the rounded hills, dropped into the bosky recesses of a hidden valley beyond the coast range.

recessesnounUS /ˈriːsesəz/

plural of “recess” — a state of abeyance or suspended business

From this reading There were a few strange footprints on those virgin sands, and a fresh track, that led from the beach over the rounded hills, dropped into the bosky recesses of a hidden valley beyond the coast range.

refectorynoun

a communal dining-hall (usually in a monastery)

From this reading It was here that the refectory windows of the Mission of San Carmel had for years looked upon the reverse of that monotonous picture presented to the sea.

reverseverbUS /rɪˈvɜːrs/

change to the contrary

From this reading It was here that the refectory windows of the Mission of San Carmel had for years looked upon the reverse of that monotonous picture presented to the sea.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading It was here that the trade winds, shorn of their fury and strength in the heated, oven-like air that rose from the valley, lost their weary way in the tangled recesses of the wooded slopes, and breathed their last at the foot of the stone cross before the Mission.

roundedadjectiveUS /ˈraʊndəd/

curving and somewhat round in shape rather than jagged

From this reading There were a few strange footprints on those virgin sands, and a fresh track, that led from the beach over the rounded hills, dropped into the bosky recesses of a hidden valley beyond the coast range.

sailsnounUS /seɪlz/

plural of “sail” — a large piece of fabric (usually canvas fabric) by means of which wind is used to propel a sailing vessel

From this reading Only the sea was occasionally flecked with racing sails that outstripped the old, slow-creeping trader, or was at times streaked and blurred with the trailing smoke of a steamer.

San

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was here that the refectory windows of the Mission of San Carmel had for years looked upon the reverse of that monotonous picture presented to the sea.

sandsnounUS /sændz/

the region of the shore of a lake or sea or ocean

From this reading There were a few strange footprints on those virgin sands, and a fresh track, that led from the beach over the rounded hills, dropped into the bosky recesses of a hidden valley beyond the coast range.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading Only the sea was occasionally flecked with racing sails that outstripped the old, slow-creeping trader, or was at times streaked and blurred with the trailing smoke of a steamer.

shornadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrn/

having the hair or wool cut or clipped off as if with shears or clippers

From this reading It was here that the trade winds, shorn of their fury and strength in the heated, oven-like air that rose from the valley, lost their weary way in the tangled recesses of the wooded slopes, and breathed their last at the foot of the stone cross before the Mission.

slopesnounUS /sloʊps/

plural of “slope” — an elevated geological formation

From this reading It was here that the trade winds, shorn of their fury and strength in the heated, oven-like air that rose from the valley, lost their weary way in the tangled recesses of the wooded slopes, and breathed their last at the foot of the stone cross before the Mission.

slow-creeping

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Only the sea was occasionally flecked with racing sails that outstripped the old, slow-creeping trader, or was at times streaked and blurred with the trailing smoke of a steamer.

smokenounUS /smoʊk/

a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas

From this reading Only the sea was occasionally flecked with racing sails that outstripped the old, slow-creeping trader, or was at times streaked and blurred with the trailing smoke of a steamer.

steamernounUS /ˈstiːmər/

a clam that is usually steamed in the shell

From this reading Only the sea was occasionally flecked with racing sails that outstripped the old, slow-creeping trader, or was at times streaked and blurred with the trailing smoke of a steamer.

stonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading It was here that the trade winds, shorn of their fury and strength in the heated, oven-like air that rose from the valley, lost their weary way in the tangled recesses of the wooded slopes, and breathed their last at the foot of the stone cross before the Mission.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading There were a few strange footprints on those virgin sands, and a fresh track, that led from the beach over the rounded hills, dropped into the bosky recesses of a hidden valley beyond the coast range.

streakedadjectiveUS /striːkt/

marked with or as if with stripes or linear discolorations

From this reading Only the sea was occasionally flecked with racing sails that outstripped the old, slow-creeping trader, or was at times streaked and blurred with the trailing smoke of a steamer.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading It was here that the trade winds, shorn of their fury and strength in the heated, oven-like air that rose from the valley, lost their weary way in the tangled recesses of the wooded slopes, and breathed their last at the foot of the stone cross before the Mission.

tangledadjectiveUS /ˈtæŋɡəld/

in a confused mass

From this reading It was here that the trade winds, shorn of their fury and strength in the heated, oven-like air that rose from the valley, lost their weary way in the tangled recesses of the wooded slopes, and breathed their last at the foot of the stone cross before the Mission.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Only the sea was occasionally flecked with racing sails that outstripped the old, slow-creeping trader, or was at times streaked and blurred with the trailing smoke of a steamer.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The 10th of August, 1852, brought little change to the dull monotony of wind, fog, and treeless coast line.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading It was here that the trade winds, shorn of their fury and strength in the heated, oven-like air that rose from the valley, lost their weary way in the tangled recesses of the wooded slopes, and breathed their last at the foot of the stone cross before the Mission.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There were a few strange footprints on those virgin sands, and a fresh track, that led from the beach over the rounded hills, dropped into the bosky recesses of a hidden valley beyond the coast range.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading There were a few strange footprints on those virgin sands, and a fresh track, that led from the beach over the rounded hills, dropped into the bosky recesses of a hidden valley beyond the coast range.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading Only the sea was occasionally flecked with racing sails that outstripped the old, slow-creeping trader, or was at times streaked and blurred with the trailing smoke of a steamer.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The 10th of August, 1852, brought little change to the dull monotony of wind, fog, and treeless coast line.

tracknounUS /træk/

a line or route along which something travels or moves

From this reading There were a few strange footprints on those virgin sands, and a fresh track, that led from the beach over the rounded hills, dropped into the bosky recesses of a hidden valley beyond the coast range.

tradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading It was here that the trade winds, shorn of their fury and strength in the heated, oven-like air that rose from the valley, lost their weary way in the tangled recesses of the wooded slopes, and breathed their last at the foot of the stone cross before the Mission.

tradernounUS /ˈtreɪdər/

someone who purchases and maintains an inventory of goods to be sold

From this reading Only the sea was occasionally flecked with racing sails that outstripped the old, slow-creeping trader, or was at times streaked and blurred with the trailing smoke of a steamer.

trailingnounUS /ˈtreɪlɪŋ/

the pursuit (of a person or animal) by following tracks or marks they left behind

From this reading Only the sea was occasionally flecked with racing sails that outstripped the old, slow-creeping trader, or was at times streaked and blurred with the trailing smoke of a steamer.

treelessadjectiveUS /ˈtriːləs/

not wooded

From this reading The 10th of August, 1852, brought little change to the dull monotony of wind, fog, and treeless coast line.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading It was here that the refectory windows of the Mission of San Carmel had for years looked upon the reverse of that monotonous picture presented to the sea.

valleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading There were a few strange footprints on those virgin sands, and a fresh track, that led from the beach over the rounded hills, dropped into the bosky recesses of a hidden valley beyond the coast range.

virginnounUS /ˈvɜːrdʒɪn/

a person who has never had sex

From this reading There were a few strange footprints on those virgin sands, and a fresh track, that led from the beach over the rounded hills, dropped into the bosky recesses of a hidden valley beyond the coast range.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Only the sea was occasionally flecked with racing sails that outstripped the old, slow-creeping trader, or was at times streaked and blurred with the trailing smoke of a steamer.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading It was here that the trade winds, shorn of their fury and strength in the heated, oven-like air that rose from the valley, lost their weary way in the tangled recesses of the wooded slopes, and breathed their last at the foot of the stone cross before the Mission.

wearyverbUS /ˈwɪri/

exhaust or get tired through overuse or great strain or stress

From this reading It was here that the trade winds, shorn of their fury and strength in the heated, oven-like air that rose from the valley, lost their weary way in the tangled recesses of the wooded slopes, and breathed their last at the foot of the stone cross before the Mission.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There were a few strange footprints on those virgin sands, and a fresh track, that led from the beach over the rounded hills, dropped into the bosky recesses of a hidden valley beyond the coast range.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading The 10th of August, 1852, brought little change to the dull monotony of wind, fog, and treeless coast line.

windowsnounUS /ˈwɪndoʊz/

(trademark) an operating system with a graphical user interface

From this reading It was here that the refectory windows of the Mission of San Carmel had for years looked upon the reverse of that monotonous picture presented to the sea.

windsnounUS /wɪndz/

plural of “wind” — air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading It was here that the trade winds, shorn of their fury and strength in the heated, oven-like air that rose from the valley, lost their weary way in the tangled recesses of the wooded slopes, and breathed their last at the foot of the stone cross before the Mission.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Only the sea was occasionally flecked with racing sails that outstripped the old, slow-creeping trader, or was at times streaked and blurred with the trailing smoke of a steamer.

woodedadjectiveUS /ˈwʊdɪd/

covered with growing trees and bushes etc

From this reading It was here that the trade winds, shorn of their fury and strength in the heated, oven-like air that rose from the valley, lost their weary way in the tangled recesses of the wooded slopes, and breathed their last at the foot of the stone cross before the Mission.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading It was here that the refectory windows of the Mission of San Carmel had for years looked upon the reverse of that monotonous picture presented to the sea.

Chapter 1 of On the Frontier by Bret Harte holds 199 sentences, grouped into 40 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of On the Frontier contain?

Chapter 1 holds 199 sentences of On the Frontier, unabridged, divided into 40 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of On the Frontier by Bret Harte exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 199 sentences, grouped into 40 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of On the Frontier?

Work through the 40 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 40 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading On the Frontier

Common questions about reading On the Frontier by Bret Harte on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of On the Frontier?

Yes. All 2361 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2574 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of On the Frontier is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2574, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does On the Frontier take to read?

About 196 minutes of reading across 473 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read On the Frontier section by section

How to work through On the Frontier section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 11 chapters of On the Frontier to begin.

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in On the Frontier

Words and structures a reader meets early in On the Frontier, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

August
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On the Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Brought
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On the Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Little
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On the Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Change
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On the Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.