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On the Irrawaddy
On the Irrawaddy

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of On the Irrawaddy is here in full — 308 sentences across 62 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for On the Irrawaddy
Context Illustration Reading 1/61 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
After the officer left him, Stanley sat thinking for a long time.
He himself inclined strongly towards the river; but he saw that, at present, the difficulties would be very great.
The war boats were passing up and down, and bodies of troops were being carried down in large craft.
In every village the men, he knew, were assembling and drilling.
Even in Ava he could see the difference in the population, the proportion of men to women having markedly decreased since his arrival.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

On the Irrawaddy

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of On the Irrawaddy is here in full — 308 sentences across 62 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/61 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
After the officer left him, Stanley sat thinking for a long time.
/ˈæftər ðə ˈɔːfəsər left hɪm ˈstænli sæt ˈθɪŋkɪŋ fɔːr ə lɔːŋ taɪm/
Line 2
He himself inclined strongly towards the river; but he saw that, at present, the difficulties would be very great.
/hiː hɪmˈself ˌɪnˈklaɪnd ˈstrɔːŋli təˈwɔːrdz ðə ˈrɪvər bʌt hiː sɔː ðæt æt ˈprezənt ðə ˈdɪfəkəltiz wʊd biː ˈveri ɡreɪt/
Line 3
The war boats were passing up and down, and bodies of troops were being carried down in large craft.
/ðə wɔːr boʊts wɜːr ˈpæsɪŋ ʌp ənd daʊn ənd ˈbɑːdiz ʌv truːps wɜːr ˈbiːɪŋ ˈkærid daʊn ɪn lɑːrdʒ kræft/
Line 4
In every village the men, he knew, were assembling and drilling.
/ɪn ˈevəri ˈvɪlədʒ ðə men hiː nuː wɜːr əˈsembəlɪŋ ənd ˈdrɪlɪŋ/
Line 5
Even in Ava he could see the difference in the population, the proportion of men to women having markedly decreased since his arrival.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

assembling noun US /əˈsembəlɪŋ/

the act of gathering something together

From this reading “In every village the men, he knew, were assembling and drilling.”

craft noun US /kræft/

the skilled practice of a practical occupation

From this reading “The war boats were passing up and down, and bodies of troops were being carried down in large craft.”

decreased adjective US /dɪˈkriːst/

made less in size or amount or degree

From this reading “Even in Ava he could see the difference in the population, the proportion of men to women having markedly decreased since his arrival.”

drilling noun US /ˈdrɪlɪŋ/

the act of drilling

From this reading “In every village the men, he knew, were assembling and drilling.”

markedly adverb US /ˈmɑːrkədli/

in a clearly noticeable manner

From this reading “Even in Ava he could see the difference in the population, the proportion of men to women having markedly decreased since his arrival.”

population noun US /ˌpɑːpjəˈleɪʃən/

the people who inhabit a territory or state

From this reading “Even in Ava he could see the difference in the population, the proportion of men to women having markedly decreased since his arrival.”

proportion noun US /prəˈpɔːrʃən/

the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole

From this reading “Even in Ava he could see the difference in the population, the proportion of men to women having markedly decreased since his arrival.”

Stanley noun US /ˈstænli/

United States inventor who built a steam-powered automobile (1849-1918)

From this reading “After the officer left him, Stanley sat thinking for a long time.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading After the officer left him, Stanley sat thinking for a long time.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After the officer left him, Stanley sat thinking for a long time.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The war boats were passing up and down, and bodies of troops were being carried down in large craft.

arrivalnounUS /ərˈaɪvəl/

accomplishment of an objective

From this reading Even in Ava he could see the difference in the population, the proportion of men to women having markedly decreased since his arrival.

assemblingnounUS /əˈsembəlɪŋ/

the act of gathering something together

From this reading In every village the men, he knew, were assembling and drilling.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He himself inclined strongly towards the river; but he saw that, at present, the difficulties would be very great.

Ava

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even in Ava he could see the difference in the population, the proportion of men to women having markedly decreased since his arrival.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading He himself inclined strongly towards the river; but he saw that, at present, the difficulties would be very great.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The war boats were passing up and down, and bodies of troops were being carried down in large craft.

boatsnounUS /boʊts/

plural of “boat” — a small vessel for travel on water

From this reading The war boats were passing up and down, and bodies of troops were being carried down in large craft.

bodiesnounUS /ˈbɑːdiz/

plural of “body” — the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading The war boats were passing up and down, and bodies of troops were being carried down in large craft.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He himself inclined strongly towards the river; but he saw that, at present, the difficulties would be very great.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading The war boats were passing up and down, and bodies of troops were being carried down in large craft.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Even in Ava he could see the difference in the population, the proportion of men to women having markedly decreased since his arrival.

craftnounUS /kræft/

the skilled practice of a practical occupation

From this reading The war boats were passing up and down, and bodies of troops were being carried down in large craft.

decreasedadjectiveUS /dɪˈkriːst/

made less in size or amount or degree

From this reading Even in Ava he could see the difference in the population, the proportion of men to women having markedly decreased since his arrival.

differencenounUS /ˈdɪfərəns/

the quality of being unlike or dissimilar

From this reading Even in Ava he could see the difference in the population, the proportion of men to women having markedly decreased since his arrival.

difficultiesnounUS /ˈdɪfəkəltiz/

plural of “difficulty” — an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading He himself inclined strongly towards the river; but he saw that, at present, the difficulties would be very great.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The war boats were passing up and down, and bodies of troops were being carried down in large craft.

drillingnounUS /ˈdrɪlɪŋ/

the act of drilling

From this reading In every village the men, he knew, were assembling and drilling.

EvenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Even in Ava he could see the difference in the population, the proportion of men to women having markedly decreased since his arrival.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading In every village the men, he knew, were assembling and drilling.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading After the officer left him, Stanley sat thinking for a long time.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading He himself inclined strongly towards the river; but he saw that, at present, the difficulties would be very great.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Even in Ava he could see the difference in the population, the proportion of men to women having markedly decreased since his arrival.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He himself inclined strongly towards the river; but he saw that, at present, the difficulties would be very great.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading After the officer left him, Stanley sat thinking for a long time.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading He himself inclined strongly towards the river; but he saw that, at present, the difficulties would be very great.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Even in Ava he could see the difference in the population, the proportion of men to women having markedly decreased since his arrival.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The war boats were passing up and down, and bodies of troops were being carried down in large craft.

inclinedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈklaɪnd/

(often followed by “to”) having a preference, disposition, or tendency

From this reading He himself inclined strongly towards the river; but he saw that, at present, the difficulties would be very great.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading In every village the men, he knew, were assembling and drilling.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The war boats were passing up and down, and bodies of troops were being carried down in large craft.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading After the officer left him, Stanley sat thinking for a long time.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading After the officer left him, Stanley sat thinking for a long time.

markedlyadverbUS /ˈmɑːrkədli/

in a clearly noticeable manner

From this reading Even in Ava he could see the difference in the population, the proportion of men to women having markedly decreased since his arrival.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading In every village the men, he knew, were assembling and drilling.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The war boats were passing up and down, and bodies of troops were being carried down in large craft.

officernounUS /ˈɔːfəsər/

any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading After the officer left him, Stanley sat thinking for a long time.

passingnounUS /ˈpæsɪŋ/

(American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate

From this reading The war boats were passing up and down, and bodies of troops were being carried down in large craft.

populationnounUS /ˌpɑːpjəˈleɪʃən/

the people who inhabit a territory or state

From this reading Even in Ava he could see the difference in the population, the proportion of men to women having markedly decreased since his arrival.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading He himself inclined strongly towards the river; but he saw that, at present, the difficulties would be very great.

proportionnounUS /prəˈpɔːrʃən/

the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole

From this reading Even in Ava he could see the difference in the population, the proportion of men to women having markedly decreased since his arrival.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading He himself inclined strongly towards the river; but he saw that, at present, the difficulties would be very great.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading After the officer left him, Stanley sat thinking for a long time.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading He himself inclined strongly towards the river; but he saw that, at present, the difficulties would be very great.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Even in Ava he could see the difference in the population, the proportion of men to women having markedly decreased since his arrival.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Even in Ava he could see the difference in the population, the proportion of men to women having markedly decreased since his arrival.

StanleynounUS /ˈstænli/

United States inventor who built a steam-powered automobile (1849-1918)

From this reading After the officer left him, Stanley sat thinking for a long time.

stronglyadverbUS /ˈstrɔːŋli/

with strength or in a strong manner

From this reading He himself inclined strongly towards the river; but he saw that, at present, the difficulties would be very great.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He himself inclined strongly towards the river; but he saw that, at present, the difficulties would be very great.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading After the officer left him, Stanley sat thinking for a long time.

thinkingnounUS /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/

the process of using your mind to consider something carefully

From this reading After the officer left him, Stanley sat thinking for a long time.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading After the officer left him, Stanley sat thinking for a long time.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Even in Ava he could see the difference in the population, the proportion of men to women having markedly decreased since his arrival.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading He himself inclined strongly towards the river; but he saw that, at present, the difficulties would be very great.

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading The war boats were passing up and down, and bodies of troops were being carried down in large craft.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The war boats were passing up and down, and bodies of troops were being carried down in large craft.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading He himself inclined strongly towards the river; but he saw that, at present, the difficulties would be very great.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading In every village the men, he knew, were assembling and drilling.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading The war boats were passing up and down, and bodies of troops were being carried down in large craft.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The war boats were passing up and down, and bodies of troops were being carried down in large craft.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading Even in Ava he could see the difference in the population, the proportion of men to women having markedly decreased since his arrival.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading He himself inclined strongly towards the river; but he saw that, at present, the difficulties would be very great.

Chapter 4 of On the Irrawaddy by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty holds 308 sentences, grouped into 62 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of On the Irrawaddy contain?

Chapter 4 holds 308 sentences of On the Irrawaddy, unabridged, divided into 62 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of On the Irrawaddy by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 308 sentences, grouped into 62 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of On the Irrawaddy?

Work through the 62 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 62 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading On the Irrawaddy

Common questions about reading On the Irrawaddy by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of On the Irrawaddy?

Yes. All 4806 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #21242 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of On the Irrawaddy is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #21242, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does On the Irrawaddy take to read?

About 400 minutes of reading across 962 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read On the Irrawaddy section by section

How to work through On the Irrawaddy section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of On the Irrawaddy to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in On the Irrawaddy

Words and structures a reader meets early in On the Irrawaddy, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Party
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On the Irrawaddy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Assembled
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On the Irrawaddy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hotel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On the Irrawaddy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Calcutta
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On the Irrawaddy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.