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On the Kentucky Frontier
On the Kentucky Frontier

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of On the Kentucky Frontier is here in full — 136 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for On the Kentucky Frontier
Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
BESIEGED.
This kind of warfare was new to me.
Although living on the frontier so far from any other settlement, our cabin had never before been attacked by savages.
My father was killed some distance away from home, and, judging from the signs nearabout the place where he had been tortured to death, it seemed certain that no more than three Indians had captured him.
Most likely it was a party of hunters, who had not really come out for mischief, but seeing an opportunity to take the life of a white man seized upon it.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

On the Kentucky Frontier

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of On the Kentucky Frontier is here in full — 136 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
BESIEGED.
/bɪˈsiːdʒd/
Line 2
This kind of warfare was new to me.
/ðɪs kaɪnd ʌv ˈwɔːrfer wɑːz nuː tuː miː/
Line 3
Although living on the frontier so far from any other settlement, our cabin had never before been attacked by savages.
/ˌɔːlˈðoʊ ˈlɪvɪŋ ɑːn ðə frənˈtɪr soʊ fɑːr frʌm ˈeni ˈʌðər ˈsetəlmənt ˈaʊər ˈkæbən hæd ˈnevər bɪˈfɔːr bɪn əˈtækt baɪ ˈsævədʒəz/
Line 4
My father was killed some distance away from home, and, judging from the signs nearabout the place where he had been tortured to death, it seemed certain that no more than three Indians had captured him.
Line 5
Most likely it was a party of hunters, who had not really come out for mischief, but seeing an opportunity to take the life of a white man seized upon it.
/moʊst ˈlaɪkli ɪt wɑːz ə ˈpɑːrti ʌv ˈhʌntərz huː hæd nɑːt ˈrɪli kʌm aʊt fɔːr ˈmɪstʃəf bʌt ˈsiːɪŋ æn ˌɑːpərˈtuːnəti tuː teɪk ðə laɪf ʌv ə waɪt mæn siːzd əˈpɑːn ɪt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

besieged adjective US /bɪˈsiːdʒd/

surrounded by hostile forces

From this reading “BESIEGED.”

frontier noun US /frənˈtɪr/

a wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country

From this reading “Although living on the frontier so far from any other settlement, our cabin had never before been attacked by savages.”

hunters noun US /ˈhʌntərz/

plural of “hunter” — someone who hunts game

From this reading “Most likely it was a party of hunters, who had not really come out for mischief, but seeing an opportunity to take the life of a white man seized upon it.”

judging noun US /ˈdʒʌdʒɪŋ/

the cognitive process of reaching a decision or drawing conclusions

From this reading “My father was killed some distance away from home, and, judging from the signs nearabout the place where he had been tortured to death, it seemed certain that no more than three Indians had captured him.”

savages noun US /ˈsævədʒəz/

plural of “savage” — a member of an uncivilized people

From this reading “Although living on the frontier so far from any other settlement, our cabin had never before been attacked by savages.”

settlement noun US /ˈsetəlmənt/

a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading “Although living on the frontier so far from any other settlement, our cabin had never before been attacked by savages.”

tortured adjective US /ˈtɔːrtʃərd/

experiencing intense pain especially mental pain

From this reading “My father was killed some distance away from home, and, judging from the signs nearabout the place where he had been tortured to death, it seemed certain that no more than three Indians had captured him.”

warfare noun US /ˈwɔːrfer/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading “This kind of warfare was new to me.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Most likely adverb + adjective

In this reading “Most likely it was a party of hunters, who had not really come out for mischief, but seeing an opportunity to take the life of a white man seized upon it.”

some distance adjective + noun

In this reading “My father was killed some distance away from home, and, judging from the signs nearabout the place where he had been tortured to death, it seemed certain that no more than three Indians had captured him.”

seized upon verb + particle counted as “seize upon”

In this reading “Most likely it was a party of hunters, who had not really come out for mischief, but seeing an opportunity to take the life of a white man seized upon it.”

white man noun + noun

a man who is White

In this reading “Most likely it was a party of hunters, who had not really come out for mischief, but seeing an opportunity to take the life of a white man seized upon it.”

on the frontier preposition + article + noun counted as “on … frontier”

In this reading “Although living on the frontier so far from any other settlement, our cabin had never before been attacked by savages.”

come out verb + adjective

appear or become visible; make a showing

In this reading “Most likely it was a party of hunters, who had not really come out for mischief, but seeing an opportunity to take the life of a white man seized upon it.”

from home preposition + noun

In this reading “My father was killed some distance away from home, and, judging from the signs nearabout the place where he had been tortured to death, it seemed certain that no more than three Indians had captured him.”

All words in this reading · 78

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Most likely it was a party of hunters, who had not really come out for mischief, but seeing an opportunity to take the life of a white man seized upon it.

AlthoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Although living on the frontier so far from any other settlement, our cabin had never before been attacked by savages.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Most likely it was a party of hunters, who had not really come out for mischief, but seeing an opportunity to take the life of a white man seized upon it.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading My father was killed some distance away from home, and, judging from the signs nearabout the place where he had been tortured to death, it seemed certain that no more than three Indians had captured him.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Although living on the frontier so far from any other settlement, our cabin had never before been attacked by savages.

attackedverbUS /əˈtækt/

past form of “attack” — launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities or start warfare with

From this reading Although living on the frontier so far from any other settlement, our cabin had never before been attacked by savages.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading My father was killed some distance away from home, and, judging from the signs nearabout the place where he had been tortured to death, it seemed certain that no more than three Indians had captured him.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Although living on the frontier so far from any other settlement, our cabin had never before been attacked by savages.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Although living on the frontier so far from any other settlement, our cabin had never before been attacked by savages.

BESIEGEDadjectiveUS /bɪˈsiːdʒd/

surrounded by hostile forces

From this reading BESIEGED.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Most likely it was a party of hunters, who had not really come out for mischief, but seeing an opportunity to take the life of a white man seized upon it.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Although living on the frontier so far from any other settlement, our cabin had never before been attacked by savages.

cabinnounUS /ˈkæbən/

small room on a ship or boat where people sleep

From this reading Although living on the frontier so far from any other settlement, our cabin had never before been attacked by savages.

capturedverbUS /ˈkæptʃərd/

past form of “capture” — succeed in representing or expressing something intangible

From this reading My father was killed some distance away from home, and, judging from the signs nearabout the place where he had been tortured to death, it seemed certain that no more than three Indians had captured him.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading My father was killed some distance away from home, and, judging from the signs nearabout the place where he had been tortured to death, it seemed certain that no more than three Indians had captured him.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Most likely it was a party of hunters, who had not really come out for mischief, but seeing an opportunity to take the life of a white man seized upon it.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading My father was killed some distance away from home, and, judging from the signs nearabout the place where he had been tortured to death, it seemed certain that no more than three Indians had captured him.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading My father was killed some distance away from home, and, judging from the signs nearabout the place where he had been tortured to death, it seemed certain that no more than three Indians had captured him.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Although living on the frontier so far from any other settlement, our cabin had never before been attacked by savages.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading My father was killed some distance away from home, and, judging from the signs nearabout the place where he had been tortured to death, it seemed certain that no more than three Indians had captured him.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Most likely it was a party of hunters, who had not really come out for mischief, but seeing an opportunity to take the life of a white man seized upon it.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Although living on the frontier so far from any other settlement, our cabin had never before been attacked by savages.

frontiernounUS /frənˈtɪr/

a wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country

From this reading Although living on the frontier so far from any other settlement, our cabin had never before been attacked by savages.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Although living on the frontier so far from any other settlement, our cabin had never before been attacked by savages.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading My father was killed some distance away from home, and, judging from the signs nearabout the place where he had been tortured to death, it seemed certain that no more than three Indians had captured him.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading My father was killed some distance away from home, and, judging from the signs nearabout the place where he had been tortured to death, it seemed certain that no more than three Indians had captured him.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading My father was killed some distance away from home, and, judging from the signs nearabout the place where he had been tortured to death, it seemed certain that no more than three Indians had captured him.

huntersnounUS /ˈhʌntərz/

plural of “hunter” — someone who hunts game

From this reading Most likely it was a party of hunters, who had not really come out for mischief, but seeing an opportunity to take the life of a white man seized upon it.

IndiansnounUS /ˈɪndiənz/

plural of “indian” — a native or inhabitant of India

From this reading My father was killed some distance away from home, and, judging from the signs nearabout the place where he had been tortured to death, it seemed certain that no more than three Indians had captured him.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading My father was killed some distance away from home, and, judging from the signs nearabout the place where he had been tortured to death, it seemed certain that no more than three Indians had captured him.

judgingnounUS /ˈdʒʌdʒɪŋ/

the cognitive process of reaching a decision or drawing conclusions

From this reading My father was killed some distance away from home, and, judging from the signs nearabout the place where he had been tortured to death, it seemed certain that no more than three Indians had captured him.

killedverbUS /kɪld/

past form of “kill” — cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly

From this reading My father was killed some distance away from home, and, judging from the signs nearabout the place where he had been tortured to death, it seemed certain that no more than three Indians had captured him.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading This kind of warfare was new to me.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Most likely it was a party of hunters, who had not really come out for mischief, but seeing an opportunity to take the life of a white man seized upon it.

likelyadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪkli/

has a good chance of being the case or of coming about

From this reading Most likely it was a party of hunters, who had not really come out for mischief, but seeing an opportunity to take the life of a white man seized upon it.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading Although living on the frontier so far from any other settlement, our cabin had never before been attacked by savages.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Most likely it was a party of hunters, who had not really come out for mischief, but seeing an opportunity to take the life of a white man seized upon it.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading This kind of warfare was new to me.

mischiefnounUS /ˈmɪstʃəf/

reckless or malicious behavior that causes discomfort or annoyance in others

From this reading Most likely it was a party of hunters, who had not really come out for mischief, but seeing an opportunity to take the life of a white man seized upon it.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading My father was killed some distance away from home, and, judging from the signs nearabout the place where he had been tortured to death, it seemed certain that no more than three Indians had captured him.

MostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Most likely it was a party of hunters, who had not really come out for mischief, but seeing an opportunity to take the life of a white man seized upon it.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading My father was killed some distance away from home, and, judging from the signs nearabout the place where he had been tortured to death, it seemed certain that no more than three Indians had captured him.

nearabout

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My father was killed some distance away from home, and, judging from the signs nearabout the place where he had been tortured to death, it seemed certain that no more than three Indians had captured him.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Although living on the frontier so far from any other settlement, our cabin had never before been attacked by savages.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading This kind of warfare was new to me.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading My father was killed some distance away from home, and, judging from the signs nearabout the place where he had been tortured to death, it seemed certain that no more than three Indians had captured him.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Most likely it was a party of hunters, who had not really come out for mischief, but seeing an opportunity to take the life of a white man seized upon it.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading This kind of warfare was new to me.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Although living on the frontier so far from any other settlement, our cabin had never before been attacked by savages.

opportunitynounUS /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnəti/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading Most likely it was a party of hunters, who had not really come out for mischief, but seeing an opportunity to take the life of a white man seized upon it.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Although living on the frontier so far from any other settlement, our cabin had never before been attacked by savages.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Although living on the frontier so far from any other settlement, our cabin had never before been attacked by savages.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Most likely it was a party of hunters, who had not really come out for mischief, but seeing an opportunity to take the life of a white man seized upon it.

partynounUS /ˈpɑːrti/

an organization to gain political power

From this reading Most likely it was a party of hunters, who had not really come out for mischief, but seeing an opportunity to take the life of a white man seized upon it.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading My father was killed some distance away from home, and, judging from the signs nearabout the place where he had been tortured to death, it seemed certain that no more than three Indians had captured him.

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading Most likely it was a party of hunters, who had not really come out for mischief, but seeing an opportunity to take the life of a white man seized upon it.

savagesnounUS /ˈsævədʒəz/

plural of “savage” — a member of an uncivilized people

From this reading Although living on the frontier so far from any other settlement, our cabin had never before been attacked by savages.

seeingnounUS /ˈsiːɪŋ/

perception by means of the eyes

From this reading Most likely it was a party of hunters, who had not really come out for mischief, but seeing an opportunity to take the life of a white man seized upon it.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading My father was killed some distance away from home, and, judging from the signs nearabout the place where he had been tortured to death, it seemed certain that no more than three Indians had captured him.

seizedverbUS /siːzd/

past form of “seize” — take hold of; grab

From this reading Most likely it was a party of hunters, who had not really come out for mischief, but seeing an opportunity to take the life of a white man seized upon it.

settlementnounUS /ˈsetəlmənt/

a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading Although living on the frontier so far from any other settlement, our cabin had never before been attacked by savages.

signsnounUS /saɪnz/

plural of “sign” — a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading My father was killed some distance away from home, and, judging from the signs nearabout the place where he had been tortured to death, it seemed certain that no more than three Indians had captured him.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Although living on the frontier so far from any other settlement, our cabin had never before been attacked by savages.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading My father was killed some distance away from home, and, judging from the signs nearabout the place where he had been tortured to death, it seemed certain that no more than three Indians had captured him.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading Most likely it was a party of hunters, who had not really come out for mischief, but seeing an opportunity to take the life of a white man seized upon it.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading My father was killed some distance away from home, and, judging from the signs nearabout the place where he had been tortured to death, it seemed certain that no more than three Indians had captured him.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading My father was killed some distance away from home, and, judging from the signs nearabout the place where he had been tortured to death, it seemed certain that no more than three Indians had captured him.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Although living on the frontier so far from any other settlement, our cabin had never before been attacked by savages.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This kind of warfare was new to me.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading My father was killed some distance away from home, and, judging from the signs nearabout the place where he had been tortured to death, it seemed certain that no more than three Indians had captured him.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading This kind of warfare was new to me.

torturedadjectiveUS /ˈtɔːrtʃərd/

experiencing intense pain especially mental pain

From this reading My father was killed some distance away from home, and, judging from the signs nearabout the place where he had been tortured to death, it seemed certain that no more than three Indians had captured him.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Most likely it was a party of hunters, who had not really come out for mischief, but seeing an opportunity to take the life of a white man seized upon it.

warfarenounUS /ˈwɔːrfer/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading This kind of warfare was new to me.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This kind of warfare was new to me.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading My father was killed some distance away from home, and, judging from the signs nearabout the place where he had been tortured to death, it seemed certain that no more than three Indians had captured him.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading Most likely it was a party of hunters, who had not really come out for mischief, but seeing an opportunity to take the life of a white man seized upon it.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Most likely it was a party of hunters, who had not really come out for mischief, but seeing an opportunity to take the life of a white man seized upon it.

Chapter 2 of On the Kentucky Frontier by James Otis holds 136 sentences, grouped into 28 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of On the Kentucky Frontier contain?

Chapter 2 holds 136 sentences of On the Kentucky Frontier, unabridged, divided into 28 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of On the Kentucky Frontier by James Otis exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 136 sentences, grouped into 28 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of On the Kentucky Frontier?

Work through the 28 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 28 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading On the Kentucky Frontier

Common questions about reading On the Kentucky Frontier by James Otis on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of On the Kentucky Frontier?

Yes. All 1522 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #33890 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of On the Kentucky Frontier is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #33890, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does On the Kentucky Frontier take to read?

About 126 minutes of reading across 305 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read On the Kentucky Frontier section by section

How to work through On the Kentucky Frontier section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of On the Kentucky Frontier to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in On the Kentucky Frontier

Words and structures a reader meets early in On the Kentucky Frontier, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Kentucky
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On the Kentucky Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Frontier
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On the Kentucky Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On the Kentucky Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fighting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On the Kentucky Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.