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On the red staircase
On the red staircase

Chapter XIX

Chapter 19 of On the red staircase is here in full — 127 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for On the red staircase
Context Illustration Reading 1/25 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
POLOTSKY.
FOR a few moments I stood regarding the wretch in silence.
He was a picture of abject and villainous misery; knowing that he was in the hands of his most determined enemies, he fancied a fate as hideous as his own crimes.
A man who has been hard and brutal to others is, in his hour of reckoning, the most abject coward on earth.
Pierrot had fastened him securely in his chair, and he lay there writhing in his bonds, his face livid, and the cold sweat standing in beads on his brow.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

On the red staircase

Chapter XIX

Chapter 19 of On the red staircase is here in full — 127 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/25 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
POLOTSKY.
Line 2
FOR a few moments I stood regarding the wretch in silence.
/fɔːr ə fjuː ˈmoʊmənts aɪ stʊd rɪˈɡɑːrdɪŋ ðə retʃ ɪn ˈsaɪ.ləns/
Line 3
He was a picture of abject and villainous misery; knowing that he was in the hands of his most determined enemies, he fancied a fate as hideous as his own crimes.
/hiː wɑːz ə ˈpɪktʃər ʌv ˈæbdʒekt ənd ˈvɪlənəs ˈmɪzəri ˈnoʊɪŋ ðæt hiː wɑːz ɪn ðə hændz ʌv hɪz moʊst dɪˈtɜːrmənd ˈenəmiz hiː ˈfænsid ə feɪt æz ˈhɪdiəs æz hɪz oʊn kraɪmz/
Line 4
A man who has been hard and brutal to others is, in his hour of reckoning, the most abject coward on earth.
Line 5
Pierrot had fastened him securely in his chair, and he lay there writhing in his bonds, his face livid, and the cold sweat standing in beads on his brow.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abject adjective US /ˈæbdʒekt/

of the most contemptible kind

From this reading “He was a picture of abject and villainous misery; knowing that he was in the hands of his most determined enemies, he fancied a fate as hideous as his own crimes.”

beads noun US /biːdz/

several beads threaded together on a string

From this reading “Pierrot had fastened him securely in his chair, and he lay there writhing in his bonds, his face livid, and the cold sweat standing in beads on his brow.”

brutal adjective US /ˈbruːtəl/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading “A man who has been hard and brutal to others is, in his hour of reckoning, the most abject coward on earth.”

livid adjective US /ˈlɪvɪd/

anemic looking from illness or emotion

From this reading “Pierrot had fastened him securely in his chair, and he lay there writhing in his bonds, his face livid, and the cold sweat standing in beads on his brow.”

reckoning noun US /ˈrekənɪŋ/

problem solving that involves numbers or quantities

From this reading “A man who has been hard and brutal to others is, in his hour of reckoning, the most abject coward on earth.”

securely adverb US /sɪˈkjʊrli/

in a secure manner; in a manner free from danger

From this reading “Pierrot had fastened him securely in his chair, and he lay there writhing in his bonds, his face livid, and the cold sweat standing in beads on his brow.”

villainous adjective US /ˈvɪlənəs/

extremely wicked

From this reading “He was a picture of abject and villainous misery; knowing that he was in the hands of his most determined enemies, he fancied a fate as hideous as his own crimes.”

writhing adjective US /ˈraɪðɪŋ/

moving in a twisting or snake-like or wormlike fashion

From this reading “Pierrot had fastened him securely in his chair, and he lay there writhing in his bonds, his face livid, and the cold sweat standing in beads on his brow.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

cold sweat adjective + noun

the physical condition of concurrent perspiration and chill; associated with fear

In this reading “Pierrot had fastened him securely in his chair, and he lay there writhing in his bonds, his face livid, and the cold sweat standing in beads on his brow.”

most abject adverb + adjective

In this reading “A man who has been hard and brutal to others is, in his hour of reckoning, the most abject coward on earth.”

few moments adjective + noun counted as “few moment”

In this reading “FOR a few moments I stood regarding the wretch in silence.”

on earth preposition + noun

used with question words to convey surprise

In this reading “A man who has been hard and brutal to others is, in his hour of reckoning, the most abject coward on earth.”

in silence preposition + noun

In this reading “FOR a few moments I stood regarding the wretch in silence.”

lay there verb + particle

In this reading “Pierrot had fastened him securely in his chair, and he lay there writhing in his bonds, his face livid, and the cold sweat standing in beads on his brow.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading FOR a few moments I stood regarding the wretch in silence.

abjectadjectiveUS /ˈæbdʒekt/

of the most contemptible kind

From this reading He was a picture of abject and villainous misery; knowing that he was in the hands of his most determined enemies, he fancied a fate as hideous as his own crimes.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He was a picture of abject and villainous misery; knowing that he was in the hands of his most determined enemies, he fancied a fate as hideous as his own crimes.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He was a picture of abject and villainous misery; knowing that he was in the hands of his most determined enemies, he fancied a fate as hideous as his own crimes.

beadsnounUS /biːdz/

several beads threaded together on a string

From this reading Pierrot had fastened him securely in his chair, and he lay there writhing in his bonds, his face livid, and the cold sweat standing in beads on his brow.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading A man who has been hard and brutal to others is, in his hour of reckoning, the most abject coward on earth.

bondsnounUS /bɑːndz/

plural of “bond” — an electrical force linking atoms

From this reading Pierrot had fastened him securely in his chair, and he lay there writhing in his bonds, his face livid, and the cold sweat standing in beads on his brow.

brownounUS /braʊ/

the part of the face above the eyes

From this reading Pierrot had fastened him securely in his chair, and he lay there writhing in his bonds, his face livid, and the cold sweat standing in beads on his brow.

brutaladjectiveUS /ˈbruːtəl/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading A man who has been hard and brutal to others is, in his hour of reckoning, the most abject coward on earth.

chairnounUS /tʃer/

a seat for one person, with a support for the back

From this reading Pierrot had fastened him securely in his chair, and he lay there writhing in his bonds, his face livid, and the cold sweat standing in beads on his brow.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading Pierrot had fastened him securely in his chair, and he lay there writhing in his bonds, his face livid, and the cold sweat standing in beads on his brow.

cowardnounUS /ˈkaʊərd/

a person who shows fear or timidity

From this reading A man who has been hard and brutal to others is, in his hour of reckoning, the most abject coward on earth.

crimesnounUS /kraɪmz/

plural of “crime” — (criminal law) an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act

From this reading He was a picture of abject and villainous misery; knowing that he was in the hands of his most determined enemies, he fancied a fate as hideous as his own crimes.

determinedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtɜːrmənd/

characterized by great determination

From this reading He was a picture of abject and villainous misery; knowing that he was in the hands of his most determined enemies, he fancied a fate as hideous as his own crimes.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading A man who has been hard and brutal to others is, in his hour of reckoning, the most abject coward on earth.

enemiesnounUS /ˈenəmiz/

plural of “enemy” — an opposing military force

From this reading He was a picture of abject and villainous misery; knowing that he was in the hands of his most determined enemies, he fancied a fate as hideous as his own crimes.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Pierrot had fastened him securely in his chair, and he lay there writhing in his bonds, his face livid, and the cold sweat standing in beads on his brow.

fanciedadjectiveUS /ˈfænsid/

formed or conceived by the imagination

From this reading He was a picture of abject and villainous misery; knowing that he was in the hands of his most determined enemies, he fancied a fate as hideous as his own crimes.

fastenedadjectiveUS /ˈfæsənd/

firmly closed or secured

From this reading Pierrot had fastened him securely in his chair, and he lay there writhing in his bonds, his face livid, and the cold sweat standing in beads on his brow.

fatenounUS /feɪt/

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading He was a picture of abject and villainous misery; knowing that he was in the hands of his most determined enemies, he fancied a fate as hideous as his own crimes.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading FOR a few moments I stood regarding the wretch in silence.

FORprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading FOR a few moments I stood regarding the wretch in silence.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Pierrot had fastened him securely in his chair, and he lay there writhing in his bonds, his face livid, and the cold sweat standing in beads on his brow.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading He was a picture of abject and villainous misery; knowing that he was in the hands of his most determined enemies, he fancied a fate as hideous as his own crimes.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading A man who has been hard and brutal to others is, in his hour of reckoning, the most abject coward on earth.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A man who has been hard and brutal to others is, in his hour of reckoning, the most abject coward on earth.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was a picture of abject and villainous misery; knowing that he was in the hands of his most determined enemies, he fancied a fate as hideous as his own crimes.

hideousadjectiveUS /ˈhɪdiəs/

grossly offensive to decency or morality; causing horror

From this reading He was a picture of abject and villainous misery; knowing that he was in the hands of his most determined enemies, he fancied a fate as hideous as his own crimes.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Pierrot had fastened him securely in his chair, and he lay there writhing in his bonds, his face livid, and the cold sweat standing in beads on his brow.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He was a picture of abject and villainous misery; knowing that he was in the hands of his most determined enemies, he fancied a fate as hideous as his own crimes.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading A man who has been hard and brutal to others is, in his hour of reckoning, the most abject coward on earth.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading FOR a few moments I stood regarding the wretch in silence.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading FOR a few moments I stood regarding the wretch in silence.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A man who has been hard and brutal to others is, in his hour of reckoning, the most abject coward on earth.

knowingadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊɪŋ/

evidencing the possession of inside information

From this reading He was a picture of abject and villainous misery; knowing that he was in the hands of his most determined enemies, he fancied a fate as hideous as his own crimes.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Pierrot had fastened him securely in his chair, and he lay there writhing in his bonds, his face livid, and the cold sweat standing in beads on his brow.

lividadjectiveUS /ˈlɪvɪd/

anemic looking from illness or emotion

From this reading Pierrot had fastened him securely in his chair, and he lay there writhing in his bonds, his face livid, and the cold sweat standing in beads on his brow.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading A man who has been hard and brutal to others is, in his hour of reckoning, the most abject coward on earth.

miserynounUS /ˈmɪzəri/

a state of ill-being due to affliction or misfortune

From this reading He was a picture of abject and villainous misery; knowing that he was in the hands of his most determined enemies, he fancied a fate as hideous as his own crimes.

momentsnounUS /ˈmoʊmənts/

plural of “moment” — a particular point in time

From this reading FOR a few moments I stood regarding the wretch in silence.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading He was a picture of abject and villainous misery; knowing that he was in the hands of his most determined enemies, he fancied a fate as hideous as his own crimes.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He was a picture of abject and villainous misery; knowing that he was in the hands of his most determined enemies, he fancied a fate as hideous as his own crimes.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading A man who has been hard and brutal to others is, in his hour of reckoning, the most abject coward on earth.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A man who has been hard and brutal to others is, in his hour of reckoning, the most abject coward on earth.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading He was a picture of abject and villainous misery; knowing that he was in the hands of his most determined enemies, he fancied a fate as hideous as his own crimes.

picturenounUS /ˈpɪktʃər/

a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading He was a picture of abject and villainous misery; knowing that he was in the hands of his most determined enemies, he fancied a fate as hideous as his own crimes.

Pierrotnoun

a male character in French pantomime; usually dressed in white with a whitened face

From this reading Pierrot had fastened him securely in his chair, and he lay there writhing in his bonds, his face livid, and the cold sweat standing in beads on his brow.

POLOTSKY

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading POLOTSKY.

reckoningnounUS /ˈrekənɪŋ/

problem solving that involves numbers or quantities

From this reading A man who has been hard and brutal to others is, in his hour of reckoning, the most abject coward on earth.

regardingverbUS /rɪˈɡɑːrdɪŋ/

-ing form of “regard” — deem to be

From this reading FOR a few moments I stood regarding the wretch in silence.

securelyadverbUS /sɪˈkjʊrli/

in a secure manner; in a manner free from danger

From this reading Pierrot had fastened him securely in his chair, and he lay there writhing in his bonds, his face livid, and the cold sweat standing in beads on his brow.

silencenounUS /ˈsaɪ.ləns/

Complete absence of sound; a state of quietness and stillness.

From this reading FOR a few moments I stood regarding the wretch in silence.

standingadjectiveUS /ˈstændɪŋ/

having a supporting base

From this reading Pierrot had fastened him securely in his chair, and he lay there writhing in his bonds, his face livid, and the cold sweat standing in beads on his brow.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading FOR a few moments I stood regarding the wretch in silence.

sweatnounUS /swet/

salty fluid secreted by sweat glands

From this reading Pierrot had fastened him securely in his chair, and he lay there writhing in his bonds, his face livid, and the cold sweat standing in beads on his brow.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He was a picture of abject and villainous misery; knowing that he was in the hands of his most determined enemies, he fancied a fate as hideous as his own crimes.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading FOR a few moments I stood regarding the wretch in silence.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Pierrot had fastened him securely in his chair, and he lay there writhing in his bonds, his face livid, and the cold sweat standing in beads on his brow.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A man who has been hard and brutal to others is, in his hour of reckoning, the most abject coward on earth.

villainousadjectiveUS /ˈvɪlənəs/

extremely wicked

From this reading He was a picture of abject and villainous misery; knowing that he was in the hands of his most determined enemies, he fancied a fate as hideous as his own crimes.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was a picture of abject and villainous misery; knowing that he was in the hands of his most determined enemies, he fancied a fate as hideous as his own crimes.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading A man who has been hard and brutal to others is, in his hour of reckoning, the most abject coward on earth.

wretchnounUS /retʃ/

performs some wicked deed

From this reading FOR a few moments I stood regarding the wretch in silence.

writhingadjectiveUS /ˈraɪðɪŋ/

moving in a twisting or snake-like or wormlike fashion

From this reading Pierrot had fastened him securely in his chair, and he lay there writhing in his bonds, his face livid, and the cold sweat standing in beads on his brow.

Chapter 19 of On the red staircase by Mary Imlay Taylor holds 127 sentences, grouped into 26 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 19 of On the red staircase contain?

Chapter 19 holds 127 sentences of On the red staircase, unabridged, divided into 26 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 19 of On the red staircase by Mary Imlay Taylor exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 127 sentences, grouped into 26 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 19 of On the red staircase?

Work through the 26 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 26 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 19 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 19 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading On the red staircase

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Vocabulary met early in On the red staircase

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Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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