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On the Road to Bagdad
On the Road to Bagdad

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of On the Road to Bagdad is here in full — 220 sentences across 44 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/44 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Esbul, the Armenian A grilling sun poured its rays down on to the desert and on to the heads and backs and shoulders of the Turks and British and Indians alike.
Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.
The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.
But see it now on this day of battle.
As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

On the Road to Bagdad

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of On the Road to Bagdad is here in full — 220 sentences across 44 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/44 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Esbul, the Armenian A grilling sun poured its rays down on to the desert and on to the heads and backs and shoulders of the Turks and British and Indians alike.
Line 2
Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.
Line 3
The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.
Line 4
But see it now on this day of battle.
/bʌt siː ɪt naʊ ɑːn ðɪs deɪ ʌv ˈbætəl/
Line 5
As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Armenian noun US /ɑːrˈmiːniən/

a native or inhabitant of Armenia

From this reading “Esbul, the Armenian A grilling sun poured its rays down on to the desert and on to the heads and backs and shoulders of the Turks and British and Indians alike.”

delved verb US /delvd/

past form of “delve” — turn up, loosen, or remove earth

From this reading “As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.”

Expeditionary adjective US /ˌekspəˈdɪʃəneri/

(used of military forces) designed for military operations abroad

From this reading “As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.”

grilling noun US /ˈɡrɪlɪŋ/

cooking by direct exposure to radiant heat (as over a fire or under a grill)

From this reading “Esbul, the Armenian A grilling sun poured its rays down on to the desert and on to the heads and backs and shoulders of the Turks and British and Indians alike.”

landmarks noun US /ˈlændmɑːrks/

plural of “landmark” — the position of a prominent or well-known object in a particular landscape

From this reading “As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.”

Mesopotamia noun US /ˌmesəpəˈteɪmiə/

the land between the Tigris and Euphrates; site of several ancient civilizations; part of what is now known as Iraq

From this reading “The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.”

prominently adverb US /ˈprɑːmənəntli/

in a prominent way

From this reading “Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.”

tallest adjective US /ˈtɔːlɪst/

superlative of “tall” — great in vertical dimension; high in stature

From this reading “As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

hundred yards noun + noun counted as “hundred yard”

In this reading “The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.”

seven hundred noun + noun

In this reading “The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.”

broad sheet adjective + noun

In this reading “Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.”

water flowing noun + noun

In this reading “Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.”

stretch of verb + particle

In this reading “The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.”

come up verb + adjective

bring forth, usually something desirable

In this reading “Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.”

stand out verb + adjective

be highly noticeable

In this reading “Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.”

All words in this reading · 149

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Esbul, the Armenian A grilling sun poured its rays down on to the desert and on to the heads and backs and shoulders of the Turks and British and Indians alike.

absolutelyadverbUS /ˌæbsəˈluːtli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

alikeadverbUS /əˈlaɪk/

equally

From this reading Esbul, the Armenian A grilling sun poured its rays down on to the desert and on to the heads and backs and shoulders of the Turks and British and Indians alike.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Esbul, the Armenian A grilling sun poured its rays down on to the desert and on to the heads and backs and shoulders of the Turks and British and Indians alike.

anglesnounUS /ˈæŋɡəlz/

plural of “angle” — the space between two lines or planes that intersect; the inclination of one line to another; measured in degrees or radians

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

ArmeniannounUS /ɑːrˈmiːniən/

a native or inhabitant of Armenia

From this reading Esbul, the Armenian A grilling sun poured its rays down on to the desert and on to the heads and backs and shoulders of the Turks and British and Indians alike.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

backsnounUS /bæks/

plural of “back” — the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine

From this reading Esbul, the Armenian A grilling sun poured its rays down on to the desert and on to the heads and backs and shoulders of the Turks and British and Indians alike.

banksnounUS /bæŋks/

English botanist who accompanied Captain Cook on his first voyage to the Pacific Ocean (1743-1820)

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading But see it now on this day of battle.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

besideprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪd/

next to; at the side of

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

borderedadjectiveUS /ˈbɔːrdərd/

having a border especially of a specified kind; sometimes used as a combining term

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

breadthnounUS /bredθ/

the capacity to understand a broad range of topics

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

brilliancenounUS /ˈbrɪljəns/

a light within the field of vision that is brighter than the brightness to which the eyes are adapted

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading Esbul, the Armenian A grilling sun poured its rays down on to the desert and on to the heads and backs and shoulders of the Turks and British and Indians alike.

broadadjectiveUS /brɔːd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

clamberedverbUS /ˈklæmbərd/

past form of “clamber” — climb awkwardly, as if by scrambling

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

closelyadverbUS /ˈkloʊsli/

in a close relation or position in time or space

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

conflictnounUS /ˈkɑːnflɪkt/

an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals)

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

darknessnounUS /ˈdɑːrknəs/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

delvedverbUS /delvd/

past form of “delve” — turn up, loosen, or remove earth

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

desertverbUS /ˈdezərt/

leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch

From this reading Esbul, the Armenian A grilling sun poured its rays down on to the desert and on to the heads and backs and shoulders of the Turks and British and Indians alike.

desertedadjectiveUS /dɪˈzɜːrtɪd/

forsaken by owner or inhabitants

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

devoidadjectiveUS /dɪˈvɔɪd/

completely wanting or lacking

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Esbul, the Armenian A grilling sun poured its rays down on to the desert and on to the heads and backs and shoulders of the Turks and British and Indians alike.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

Esbul

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Esbul, the Armenian A grilling sun poured its rays down on to the desert and on to the heads and backs and shoulders of the Turks and British and Indians alike.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

ExpeditionaryadjectiveUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃəneri/

(used of military forces) designed for military operations abroad

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

flanknounUS /flæŋk/

the side of military or naval formation

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

flashedverbUS /flæʃt/

past form of “flash” — gleam or glow intermittently

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

flatadjectiveUS /flæt/

having a surface without slope, tilt in which no part is higher or lower than another

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

flowingnounUS /ˈfloʊɪŋ/

the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

ForcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

furiousadjectiveUS /ˈfjʊriəs/

marked by extreme and violent energy

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

glancingverbUS /ˈɡlænsɪŋ/

-ing form of “glance” — throw a glance at; take a brief look at

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

glassesnounUS /ˈɡlæsəz/

(plural) optical instrument consisting of a frame that holds a pair of lenses for correcting defective vision

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

green-clad

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

grillingnounUS /ˈɡrɪlɪŋ/

cooking by direct exposure to radiant heat (as over a fire or under a grill)

From this reading Esbul, the Armenian A grilling sun poured its rays down on to the desert and on to the heads and backs and shoulders of the Turks and British and Indians alike.

habitationnounUS /ˌhæbəˈteɪʃən/

the native habitat or home of an animal or plant

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

headsnounUS /hedz/

plural of “head” — the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Esbul, the Armenian A grilling sun poured its rays down on to the desert and on to the heads and backs and shoulders of the Turks and British and Indians alike.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

IndiansnounUS /ˈɪndiənz/

plural of “indian” — a native or inhabitant of India

From this reading Esbul, the Armenian A grilling sun poured its rays down on to the desert and on to the heads and backs and shoulders of the Turks and British and Indians alike.

innocentadjectiveUS /ˈɪnəsənt/

free from evil or guilt

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Esbul, the Armenian A grilling sun poured its rays down on to the desert and on to the heads and backs and shoulders of the Turks and British and Indians alike.

landmarksnounUS /ˈlændmɑːrks/

plural of “landmark” — the position of a prominent or well-known object in a particular landscape

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

marshesnounUS /ˈmɑːrʃəz/

plural of “marsh” — low-lying wet land with grassy vegetation; usually is a transition zone between land and water

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

MesopotamianounUS /ˌmesəpəˈteɪmiə/

the land between the Tigris and Euphrates; site of several ancient civilizations; part of what is now known as Iraq

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

navaladjectiveUS /ˈneɪvəl/

connected with or belonging to or used in a navy

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

noisomeadjective

causing or able to cause nausea

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading But see it now on this day of battle.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Esbul, the Armenian A grilling sun poured its rays down on to the desert and on to the heads and backs and shoulders of the Turks and British and Indians alike.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Esbul, the Armenian A grilling sun poured its rays down on to the desert and on to the heads and backs and shoulders of the Turks and British and Indians alike.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

pairnounUS /per/

a set of two similar things considered as a unit

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

palm-tree

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

peeredverbUS /pɪrd/

past form of “peer” — look searchingly

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

portionnounUS /ˈpɔːrʃən/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

pouredverbUS /pɔːrd/

past form of “pour” — cause to run

From this reading Esbul, the Armenian A grilling sun poured its rays down on to the desert and on to the heads and backs and shoulders of the Turks and British and Indians alike.

prominentlyadverbUS /ˈprɑːmənəntli/

in a prominent way

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

raysnounUS /reɪz/

plural of “ray” — a column of light (as from a beacon)

From this reading Esbul, the Armenian A grilling sun poured its rays down on to the desert and on to the heads and backs and shoulders of the Turks and British and Indians alike.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

sandy-gravel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

scarceadverbUS /skers/

only a very short time before

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

scenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

searchedverbUS /sɜːrtʃt/

past form of “search” — try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading But see it now on this day of battle.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

sevennounUS /ˈsevən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

Shatt-el-Arab

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

sheetnounUS /ʃiːt/

any broad thin expanse or surface

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

shoneverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “shine” — be bright by reflecting or casting light

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

shouldersnounUS /ˈʃoʊldərz/

plural of “shoulder” — the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm

From this reading Esbul, the Armenian A grilling sun poured its rays down on to the desert and on to the heads and backs and shoulders of the Turks and British and Indians alike.

showedverbUS /ʃoʊd/

past form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

sloops

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

smoothlyadverbUS /ˈsmuːðli/

with no problems or difficulties

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

south-westadverb

to, toward, or in the southwest

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

speedverbUS /spiːd/

move hurridly

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

startlingadjectiveUS /ˈstɑːrtlɪŋ/

so remarkably different or sudden as to cause momentary shock or alarm

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

stretchverbUS /stretʃ/

occupy a large, elongated area

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

stretchingnounUS /ˈstretʃɪŋ/

act of expanding by lengthening or widening

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading Esbul, the Armenian A grilling sun poured its rays down on to the desert and on to the heads and backs and shoulders of the Turks and British and Indians alike.

supposingverbUS /səˈpoʊzɪŋ/

-ing form of “suppose” — express a supposition

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

tallestadjectiveUS /ˈtɔːlɪst/

superlative of “tall” — great in vertical dimension; high in stature

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Esbul, the Armenian A grilling sun poured its rays down on to the desert and on to the heads and backs and shoulders of the Turks and British and Indians alike.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Esbul, the Armenian A grilling sun poured its rays down on to the desert and on to the heads and backs and shoulders of the Turks and British and Indians alike.

topnounUS /tɑːp/

the upper part of anything

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

trenchesnounUS /ˈtrentʃɪz/

plural of “trench” — a ditch dug as a fortification having a parapet of the excavated earth

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

TurksnounUS /tɜːrks/

plural of “turk” — a native or inhabitant of Turkey

From this reading Esbul, the Armenian A grilling sun poured its rays down on to the desert and on to the heads and backs and shoulders of the Turks and British and Indians alike.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

uninterestingadjectiveUS /əˈnɪntrəstɪŋ/

arousing no interest or attention or curiosity or excitement

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

vesselsnounUS /ˈvesəlz/

plural of “vessel” — a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

vindictivelyadverb

in a vindictive, revengeful manner

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

visitornounUS /ˈvɪzɪtər/

someone who visits

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Its glancing rays shone and flashed with startling brilliance from the broad sheet of water flowing so smoothly along beside the right flank of the British, making the naval sloops, which had come up the Shatt-el-Arab, stand out more prominently, more vindictively, as it were, than usual.

yardnounUS /jɑːrd/

a unit of length equal to 3 feet; defined as 91.44 centimeters; originally taken to be the average length of a stride

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

yardsnounUS /jɑːrdz/

plural of “yard” — a unit of length equal to 3 feet; defined as 91.44 centimeters; originally taken to be the average length of a stride

From this reading The scene of this conflict might, but a day or two before, have been described by a visitor to this portion of Mesopotamia as entirely and absolutely uninteresting; for where could there be interest in a wide, almost flat stretch of sandy-gravel desert, bordered in the far south-west by a stretch of noisome green-clad marshes, and on the right by a river some seven hundred yards in breadth perhaps, almost innocent of vessels, and whose banks showed scarce a habitation.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading As deserted it seemed as ever, as flat and devoid of landmarks as possible; and yet, when one looked closely at it, when--supposing one had clambered to the top of the tallest palm-tree--one peered at the desert and searched its every yard through a pair of glasses; see those lines of trenches--trenches which the British Expeditionary Force had delved at furious speed during the hours of darkness--stretching away at right angles to the river.

Chapter 12 of On the Road to Bagdad by F. S. (Frederick Sadleir) Brereton holds 220 sentences, grouped into 44 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of On the Road to Bagdad contain?

Chapter 12 holds 220 sentences of On the Road to Bagdad, unabridged, divided into 44 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of On the Road to Bagdad by F. S. (Frederick Sadleir) Brereton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 220 sentences, grouped into 44 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of On the Road to Bagdad?

Work through the 44 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 44 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading On the Road to Bagdad

Common questions about reading On the Road to Bagdad by F. S. (Frederick Sadleir) Brereton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of On the Road to Bagdad?

Yes. All 4528 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #43081 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of On the Road to Bagdad is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #43081, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does On the Road to Bagdad take to read?

About 377 minutes of reading across 906 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read On the Road to Bagdad section by section

How to work through On the Road to Bagdad section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in On the Road to Bagdad

Words and structures a reader meets early in On the Road to Bagdad, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On the Road to Bagdad; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Townshend's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On the Road to Bagdad; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gallant
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On the Road to Bagdad; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Advance
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On the Road to Bagdad; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.